scholarly journals Alpha-Synuclein and Cognitive Decline in Parkinson Disease

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1239
Author(s):  
Tian-Sin Fan ◽  
Sam Chi-Hao Liu ◽  
Ruey-Meei Wu
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Parkinson Disease ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Alpha Synuclein ◽  
Motor Symptoms ◽  
Non Motor Symptoms ◽  
Common Neurodegenerative Disorder

Parkinson disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder in elderly people. It is characterized by the aggregation of misfolded alpha-synuclein throughout the nervous system. Aside from cardinal motor symptoms, cognitive impairment is one of the most disabling non-motor symptoms that occurs during the progression of the disease. The accumulation and spreading of alpha-synuclein pathology from the brainstem to limbic and neocortical structures is correlated with emerging cognitive decline in PD. This review summarizes the genetic and pathophysiologic relationship between alpha-synuclein and cognitive impairment in PD, together with potential areas of biomarker advancement.

scholarly journals Genotype-Phenotype Correlations in Monogenic Parkinson Disease: A Review on Clinical and Molecular Findings

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Guadagnolo ◽  
Maria Piane ◽  
Maria Rosaria Torrisi ◽  
Antonio Pizzuti ◽  
Simona Petrucci
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson Disease ◽  
Movement Disorders ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Mendelian Inheritance ◽  
Motor Symptoms ◽  
The Many ◽  
Non Motor Symptoms

Parkinson disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder, usually with multifactorial etiology. It is characterized by prominent movement disorders and non-motor symptoms. Movement disorders commonly include bradykinesia, rigidity, and resting tremor. Non-motor symptoms can include behavior disorders, sleep disturbances, hyposmia, cognitive impairment, and depression. A fraction of PD cases instead is due to Parkinsonian conditions with Mendelian inheritance. The study of the genetic causes of these phenotypes has shed light onto common pathogenetic mechanisms underlying Parkinsonian conditions. Monogenic Parkinsonisms can present autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or even X-linked inheritance patterns. Clinical presentations vary from forms indistinguishable from idiopathic PD to severe childhood-onset conditions with other neurological signs. We provided a comprehensive description of each condition, discussing current knowledge on genotype-phenotype correlations. Despite the broad clinical spectrum and the many genes involved, the phenotype appears to be related to the disrupted cell function and inheritance pattern, and several assumptions about genotype-phenotype correlations can be made. The interest in these assumptions is not merely speculative, in the light of novel promising targeted therapies currently under development.

Decreased anxiety-like behavior in alpha-synuclein BAC transgenic mice recapitulates early non-motor symptoms in Parkinson disease

2011 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. e189
Author(s):  
Hodaka Yamakado ◽  
Yasuhiro Moriwaki ◽  
Nobuyuki Yamasaki ◽  
Junko Kurisu ◽  
Tsuyoshi Miyakawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Parkinson Disease ◽  
Alpha Synuclein ◽  
Motor Symptoms ◽  
Non Motor Symptoms ◽  
Bac Transgenic Mice

scholarly journals Non-motor Symptoms in Parkinson’s Disease

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo Antonini ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Motor Symptoms ◽  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
Non Motor Symptoms ◽  
Common Neurodegenerative Disorder

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer’s disease and is responsible for significant morbidity and costs. Non-motor manifestations of PD can be as disabling as the classic motor symptoms. Moreover, medications used to treat PD motor symptoms may have variable effects on these non-motor domains.

Parkinson Disease

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Soileau ◽  
Kelvin L. Chou
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson Disease ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Alpha Synuclein ◽  
Disease Course ◽  
Neuronal Cell Bodies ◽  
Nigrostriatal Neurons ◽  
Non Motor Symptoms ◽  
Broad Overview

Parkinson disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized clinically by tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability and pathologically by loss of nigrostriatal neurons and deposition of alpha-synuclein in neuronal cell bodies and neuritis. Non-motor symptoms such as psychiatric disorders, cognitive abnormalities, sleep dysfunction, autonomic dysfunction, and sensory manifestations are also common. This chapter gives a broad overview of this disorder. Sections cover pathophysiology, genetics, clinical manifestations, and disease course. The chapter also briefly discusses how to make the diagnosis, and alternative conditions that should be considered.

scholarly journals Microbiota and Parkinson's disease (overview)

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
R. R. Tyutina ◽  
A. A. Pilipovich ◽  
V. L. Golubev ◽  
Al. B. Danilov
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Alpha Synuclein ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Motor Symptoms ◽  
Non Motor Symptoms

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by both motor (hypokinesia, resting tremor, rigidity, postural instability) and non-motor symptoms. It is known that some non-motor manifestations, such as disturbances in smell, sleep, depression, gastrointestinal dysfunction, and others, may precede motor symptoms. Replenishment of dopamine deficiency, which, as known, develops in PD due to the death of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra, makes it possible to influence most motor and some non-motor symptoms of parkinsonism, however many non-motor manifestations remain resistant to this therapy. In addition, it has only a symptomatic effect, and the pathogenetic treatment of PD is currently unavailable, which is primarily due to insufficient knowledge about the etiology and mechanisms of the development of the disease. In particular, it has already been established that alpha synuclein (a pathomorphological marker of PD) begins to be deposited in the intestinal wall, in the enteric nervous system (ENS) long before it appears in neurons of the substantia nigra. Understanding the mechanism of interaction along the axis “intestine – brain”, the role of intestinal wall dysfunction in the onset and development of PD can lead to the development of new directions in the treatment of this disease. Today, the role of microbiota, in particular the intestinal microbiota, in the functioning of the human body, its various systems, including the nervous system, is widely studied in the world. The influence of its imbalance on the activation of inflammatory reactions in the ENS and the possibility of the subsequent development of PD are considered. This review provides some evidence supporting the hypothesis that PD can be initiated in the gut. In addition, the possibilities of influencing the course of BP using pre-, pro-, syn- and metabiotics are considered.

scholarly journals Cognition Deficits in Parkinson’s Disease: Mechanisms and Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Congcong Fang ◽  
Longqin Lv ◽  
Shanping Mao ◽  
Huimin Dong ◽  
Baohui Liu
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Motor Symptoms ◽  
Nonmotor Symptoms ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Global Quality Of Life

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common progressive neurodegenerative disorder mainly in middle-elderly population, which represents diverse nonmotor symptoms (NMS) besides such well-documented motor symptoms as bradykinesia, resting tremor, rigidity, and postural instability. With the advancement of aging trend worldwide, the global prevalence of PD is mounting up year after year. Nowadays, accumulating lines of studies have given a comprehensive and thorough coverage of motor symptoms in PD. Yet much less attention as compared has been paid to the nonmotor symptoms of PD, such as cognition deficits. Of note, a patient with PD who suffers from cognitive impairment may harbour a statistically significantly higher risk of progressing toward dementia, which negatively affects their life expectancy and daily functioning and overall lowers the global quality of life. Furthermore, it is a widely held view that cognitive dysfunction does not just occur in the late stage of PD. On the basis of numerous studies, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a harbinger of dementia in PD, which is observed as an intermediate state with considerable variability; some patients remain stable and some even revert to normal cognition. Considered that the timing, profile, and rate of cognitive impairment vary greatly among PD individuals, it is extremely urgent for researchers and clinicians alike to identify and predict future cognitive decline in this population. Simultaneously, early screening and canonical management of PD with cognitive deficits are very imperative to postpone the disease progression and improve the prognosis of patients. In our review, we focus on a description of cognitive decline in PD, expound emphatically the pathological mechanisms underlying cognition deficits in PD, then give a comprehensive overview of specific therapeutic strategies, and finally dissect what fresh insights may bring new exciting prospect for the subfield.

scholarly journals Neuro-Immunity and Gut Dysbiosis Drive Parkinson’s Disease-Induced Pain

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katiane Roversi ◽  
Natalia Callai-Silva ◽  
Karine Roversi ◽  
May Griffith ◽  
Christos Boutopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Motor Symptoms ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
Gut Immunity ◽  
Inflammatory State ◽  
Non Motor Symptoms ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Common Neurodegenerative Disorder

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, affecting 1–2% of the population aged 65 and over. Additionally, non-motor symptoms such as pain and gastrointestinal dysregulation are also common in PD. These impairments might stem from a dysregulation within the gut-brain axis that alters immunity and the inflammatory state and subsequently drives neurodegeneration. There is increasing evidence linking gut dysbiosis to the severity of PD’s motor symptoms as well as to somatosensory hypersensitivities. Altogether, these interdependent features highlight the urgency of reviewing the links between the onset of PD’s non-motor symptoms and gut immunity and whether such interplays drive the progression of PD. This review will shed light on maladaptive neuro-immune crosstalk in the context of gut dysbiosis and will posit that such deleterious interplays lead to PD-induced pain hypersensitivity.

scholarly journals THE MOTOR SYMPTOMS–CHALLENGE IN DIAGNOSIS OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 3469-3474
Author(s):  
Desislava Marinova ◽  
◽  
Maya Danovska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Motor Disorder ◽  
Motor Symptoms ◽  
Resting Tremor ◽  
Non Motor Symptoms ◽  
Common Neurodegenerative Disorder

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after the dementia of Alzheimer. The clinical presentation of PD is dominated by typical motor symptoms as resting tremor, cogwheel rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability. Non-motor symptoms (NMS) of Parkinson's disease are common but are often under-recognized in clinical practice either due to the lack of spontaneous complaints by the patients or to the absence of systematic questioning by healthcare professionals. In contrast to motor dysfunctions, non-motor symptoms frequently remain unreported. Recently, a self-completed NMS questionnaire and NMS scale for identification and evaluation of these symptoms have been validated. An international survey has shown that up to 62% of NMS in PD remain undeclared to healthcare professionals because patients are unaware that NMS symptoms are linked to PD. Based on both clinical and neuropathological data, PD, traditionally accepted as a dopaminergic motor disorder, now can be characterized as a multisystem neurodegenerative disease that involves many neurotransmitter systems and affects not only motor but non-motor functions, too.

scholarly journals Study of cognitive impairment and genetic polymorphism of SLC41A1 (rs11240569 allele) in Parkinson’s disease in Upper Egypt: case-control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamdy N. El-Tallawy ◽  
Tahia H. Saleem ◽  
Wafaa M. Farghaly ◽  
Heba Mohamed Saad Eldien ◽  
Ashraf Khodaery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Motor Symptoms ◽  
And Control ◽  
Non Motor Symptoms ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Parkinson’s disease is one of the neurodegenerative disorders that is caused by genetic and environmental factors or interaction between them. Solute carrier family 41 member 1 within the PARK16 locus has been reported to be associated with Parkinson’s disease. Cognitive impairment is one of the non-motor symptoms that is considered a challenge in Parkinson’s disease patients. This study aimed to investigate the association of rs11240569 polymorphism; a synonymous coding variant in SLC41A1 in Parkinson’s disease patients in addition to the assessment of cognitive impairment in those patients. Results In a case -control study, rs11240569 single nucleotide polymorphisms in SLC41A1, genes were genotyped in 48 Parkinson’s disease patients and 48 controls. Motor and non-motor performance in Parkinson's disease patients were assessed by using the Movement Disorder Society-Sponsored Revision of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS). The genotype and allele frequencies were compared between the two groups and revealed no significant differences between case and control groups for rs11240569 in SLC41A1 gene with P value .523 and .54, respectively. Cognition was evaluated and showed the mean ± standard deviation (SD) of WAIS score of PD patients 80.4 ± 9.13 and the range was from 61 to 105, in addition to MMSE that showed mean ± SD 21.96 ± 3.8. Conclusion Genetic testing of the present study showed that rs11240569 polymorphism of SLC41A1 gene has no significant differences in distributions of alleles and genotypes between cases and control group, in addition to cognitive impairment that is present in a large proportion of PD patients and in addition to the strong correlation between cognitive impairment and motor and non-motor symptoms progression.

scholarly journals Evaluation of fecal microbiota transplantation in Parkinson's disease patients with constipation

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-yi Kuai ◽  
Xiao-han Yao ◽  
Li-juan Xu ◽  
Yu-qing Zhou ◽  
Li-ping Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Motor Symptoms ◽  
Gastrointestinal Dysfunction ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Non Motor Symptoms

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder and 70–80% of PD patients suffer from gastrointestinal dysfunction such as constipation. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for treating PD related to gastrointestinal dysfunction. We conducted a prospective, single- study. Eleven patients with PD received FMT. Fecal samples were collected before and after FMT and subjected to 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) gene sequencing. Hoehn-Yahr (H-Y) grade, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) score, and the Non-Motion Symptom Questionnaire (NMSS) were used to assess improvements in motor and non-motor symptoms. PAC-QOL score and Wexner constipation score were used to assess the patient's constipation symptoms. All patients were tested by the small intestine breath hydrogen test, performed before and after FMT. Community richness (chao) and microbial structure in before-FMT PD patients were significantly different from the after-FMT. We observed an increased abundance of Blautia and Prevotella in PD patients after FMT, while the abundance of Bacteroidetes decreased dramatically. After FMT, the H-Y grade, UPDRS, and NMSS of PD patients decreased significantly. Through the lactulose H2 breath test, the intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) in PD patients returned to normal. The PAC-QOL score and Wexner constipation score in after-FMT patients decreased significantly. Our study profiles specific characteristics and microbial dysbiosis in the gut of PD patients. FMT might be a therapeutic potential for reconstructing the gut microbiota of PD patients and improving their motor and non-motor symptoms.

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