scholarly journals Obesity-Related Metabolic Dysfunction in Dairy Cows and Horses: Comparison to Human Metabolic Syndrome

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1406
Author(s):  
Zsofia Daradics ◽  
Cristian M. Crecan ◽  
Mirela A. Rus ◽  
Iancu A. Morar ◽  
Mircea V. Mircean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Clinical Consequence ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Increased Risk

Obesity has become a serious health problem with frequent occurrence both in human and animal populations. It is estimated that it may affect over 85% of the human population and 70–80% of horses and cows by 2030. Fat cow syndrome (FCS) is a combination of metabolic, digestive, infectious, and reproductive disorders that affects obese periparturient dairy cows, and occurs most frequently in loose-housing systems, where periparturient and dry cows are fed and managed in one group disregarding the lactation stages. Equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) was named after human metabolic syndrome (MetS) and has insulin dysregulation as a central and consistent feature. It is often associated with obesity, although EMS may occur in a lean phenotype as well. Other inconsistent features of EMS are cardiovascular changes and adipose dysregulation. Laminitis is the main clinical consequence of EMS. MetS holds a 30-years old lead in research and represents a clustering of risk factors that comprise abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and hyperglycemia (impaired fasting glucose or type 2 diabetes mellitus—T2DM), which are associated with doubled atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk, and a 5-fold increased risk for T2DM. The main aim of this review is to provide critical information for better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of obesity-related metabolic dysfunction in animals, especially in cows and horses, in comparison with MetS. Human medicine studies can offer suitable candidate mechanisms to fill the existing gap in the literature, which might be indispensable for owners to tackle FCS, EMS, and their consequences.

scholarly journals Effects of Bilberry Supplementation on Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease Risk

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1653
Author(s):  
Sze Wa Chan ◽  
Brian Tomlinson
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Potential Benefits

Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of interrelated conditions that is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Oxidative stress may impair normal physiological functions, leading to various illnesses. T2DM is considered to be associated with increased oxidative stress, inflammation, and dyslipidemia, which may play a significant role in the development of cardiovascular complications, cancer and vision loss through cataracts and retinopathy. While conventional therapies are a cornerstone for the management of the major risk factors of metabolic syndrome, increasing antioxidant defense by increasing intake of antioxidant-rich foods may improve long term prospects in CVD, obesity and T2DM. Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) is one of the richest natural sources of anthocyanins which give berries their red/purple/blue coloration. Anthocyanins are powerful antioxidants and are reported to play an important role in the prevention of metabolic disease and CVD as well as cancer and other conditions. This review focuses on the potential effects of bilberry supplementation on metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors. Although there is evidence to support the use of bilberry supplementation as part of a healthy diet, the potential benefits from the use of bilberry supplementation in patients with T2DM or CVD needs to be clarified in large clinical trials.

scholarly journals Cohort study on the effects of depression on atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk in Korea

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. e026913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yon Ho Jee ◽  
Hyoungyoon Chang ◽  
Keum Ji Jung ◽  
Sun Ha Jee
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Western World ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
National Health Insurance System ◽  
Increased Risk

ObjectivesDepression has been reported to be a risk factor of cardiovascular disease in the western world, but the association has not yet been studied among Asian populations. The aim of this study was to investigate whether depression increases the risk of developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in a large Korean cohort study.DesignPopulation based cohort study.SettingDatabase of National Health Insurance System, Republic of Korea.Participants481 355 Koreans (260 695 men and 220 660 women) aged 40–80 years who had a biennial health check-up between 2002 and 2005.Main outcome measureThe main outcome in this study was the first ASCVD event (hospital admission or death).ResultsDepression increased the risk of developing ASCVD by 41% for men and 48% for women. In men, 3–4 outpatient visits for depression increased the risk of angina pectoris by 2.12 times (95% CI 1.55 to 2.90) and acute myocardial infarction by 2.29 times (95% CI 1.33 to 3.95). Depression was also associated with stroke in men (HR 1.29, 95% CI 1.19 to 1.39) and in women (HR 1.37, 95% CI 1.29 to 1.46). However, no increased risk of ASCVD was found for men who received 10 or more depressive treatments, compared with those without any outpatient visit for depression.ConclusionsIn this cohort, depressed people were at increased risk of ASCVD incidence. Therefore, individuals with depression may need routine monitoring of heart health that may prevent their future CVD risk.

scholarly journals Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients using NCEP/ATP III and IDF criteria in Nepal

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Bhattarai ◽  
SC Kohli ◽  
S Sapkota
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Life Style ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Diabetes Patients

Background: With increasing trends towards sedentary life style, obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is rising in our country. In view of importance of diagnosis of MetS in day to day medical practice for early institution of life style therapies to reduce the atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk in susceptible population like in diabetes mellitus, this study has been undertaken to study the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Nepalese diabetes by applying National Cholesterol Education Programme/Adult Treatment panel (NCEP/ATP) III and International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. Methods: This is a hospital based cross sectional study conducted in diabetes patients aged between 25-75 years of age presenting to Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara. Different components of MetS were studied in diabetes subjects and prevalence of metabolic syndrome was obtained by applying NCEP/ATP III and IDF criteria respectively. The data were collected as per preformed proforma and results analyzed by SPSS-16 software. Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in diabetes patients as per NCEP/ATP III and IDF criteria were 71% and 82% respectively. A higher number of cases with metabolic syndrome were detected using IDF criteria as opposed to NCEP/ATP III criteria in diabetes patients. Nepalese diabetes subjects showed high prevalence of abdominal obesity followed by hypertension. Conclusions: The results of the present study show high prevalence of Mets in Nepalese diabetes patients and more number of cases can be diagnosed by applying IDF criteria as compared to NCEP/ATP III criteria. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njms.v1i2.6604 Nepal Journal of Medical Sciences. 2012;1(2): 78-83

scholarly journals Association of Candidate Gene Polymorphism with Metabolic Syndrome among Mongolian Subjects: A Case-Control Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Ariunbold Chuluun-Erdene ◽  
Orgil Sengeragchaa ◽  
Tsend-Ayush Altangerel ◽  
Purevjal Sanjmyatav ◽  
Batnaran Dagdan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Individual Snps ◽  
Increased Risk

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is complex and determined by the interaction between genetic and environmental factors and their influence on obesity, insulin resistance, and related traits associated with diabetes and cardiovascular disease risk. Some dynamic markers, including adiponectin (ADIPOQ), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and lipoprotein lipase (LPL), are implicated in MetS; however, the influence of their genetic variants on MetS susceptibility varies in racial and ethnic groups. We investigated the association of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-SNP interactions among nine SNPs in six genes with MetS’s genetic predisposition in Mongolian subjects. A total of 160 patients with MetS for the case group and 144 healthy individuals for the control group were selected to participate in this study. Regression analysis of individual SNPs showed that the ADIPOQ + 45GG (odds ratio (OR) = 2.09, p = 0.011) and P+P+ of LPL PvuII (OR = 2.10, p = 0.038) carriers had an increased risk of MetS. Conversely, G allele of LPL S447X (OR = 0.45, p = 0.036) and PGC-1α 482Ser (OR = 0.26, p = 0.001) allele were estimated as protective factors, respectively. Moreover, a haplotype containing the G-P+-G combination was related to MetS. Significant loci were also related to body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride (TG), and fasting blood glucose (FBG), adipokines, and insulin as well as insulin resistance (p < 0.05). Our results confirm that ADIPOQ + 45T > G, LPL PvII, and PGC-1α Gly482Ser loci are associated with MetS in Mongolian subjects.

scholarly journals Smoking and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk in young men: the Korean Life Course Health Study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. e024453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongho Jee ◽  
Keum Ji Jung ◽  
Sunmi Lee ◽  
Joung Hwan Back ◽  
Sun Ha Jee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Total Cholesterol Level ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
National Insurance ◽  
Increased Risk

ObjectiveTo examine the effect of smoking on risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in Korean young men and to examine whether serum total cholesterol levels could modify the effect of smoking on ASCVD.DesignA prospective cohort study within a national insurance system.SettingHealth screenings provided by national insurance in 1992 and 1994.ParticipantsA total of 118 531 young men between 20 and 29 years of age and were followed up for an average of 23 years.Outcome measureTo assess the independent effects of smoking on the risk of ischaemic heart disease (IHD), stroke and ASCVD, Cox proportional hazards regression models were used, controlling for age, hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolaemia and alcohol drinking.ResultsThe total number of current smokers was 78 455 (66.2%), and 94 113 (79.7%) of the sample recorded a total cholesterol level <200 mg/dL measured at baseline. Between 1993 and 2015, 2786 cases of IHD (53/100 000 person year), 2368 cases of stroke (45.4/100 000 person year) and 6368 ASCVD (122.7/100 000 person year) occurred. The risk of IHD, stroke and total ASCVD events was found to increase for current smokers, with a HR with 95% CI of 1.5 (95% CI 1.3 to 1.6), 1.4 (95% CI 1.2 to 1.6) and 1.4 (95% CI 1.3 to 1.5), respectively. Furthermore, the risks above were also found throughout the range of serum levels of cholesterol.ConclusionsSmoking among Korean young adult men was independently associated with increased risk of IHD, stroke and ASCVD. The concentration of cholesterol in Korean men did not modify the effect of smoking on ASCVD.

Differences Between Morbid Obesity With Metabolic Syndrome and Overweight Turkish Adult Participants in Multiple Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors

Angiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 000331972097016
Author(s):  
Cem Bostan ◽  
Aysem Kaya ◽  
Zerrin Yigit
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Oxidized Ldl ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Atherogenic Dyslipidemia ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Apo B ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are public health problems and are increasing globally. We assessed the differences in lipid profiles through lipid testing, thrombotic and inflammatory parameters, and oxidative stress indexes between overweight and obese patients with MetS in a Turkish adult population. We included 100 obese (body mass index [BMI] >30 kg/m2) patients with MetS (66 women, 34 men, mean age 54.0 ± 10.1 years) and 15 overweight (BMI 25-30 kg/m2) individuals (11 women, 4 men, mean age 50.2 ± 14.5 years) as controls. The group with MetS had significantly higher levels of glycaemia, uric acid, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, homocysteine, fibrinogen, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides, small dense LDL, oxidized LDL, apolipoprotein B (Apo B), lipoprotein (a), small and intermediate high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles, oxidative stress index, and significantly lower levels of HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), Apo A, and large HDL particles. In conclusion, obesity with MetS increase atherogenic dyslipidemia and thrombotic, inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers. Furthermore, obesity with MetS decreases protective mechanisms of atherosclerosis. We should at least try to prevent overweight individuals from becoming obese with MetS.

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