Differences Between Morbid Obesity With Metabolic Syndrome and Overweight Turkish Adult Participants in Multiple Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors

Angiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 000331972097016
Author(s):  
Cem Bostan ◽  
Aysem Kaya ◽  
Zerrin Yigit
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Oxidized Ldl ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Atherogenic Dyslipidemia ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Apo B ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are public health problems and are increasing globally. We assessed the differences in lipid profiles through lipid testing, thrombotic and inflammatory parameters, and oxidative stress indexes between overweight and obese patients with MetS in a Turkish adult population. We included 100 obese (body mass index [BMI] >30 kg/m2) patients with MetS (66 women, 34 men, mean age 54.0 ± 10.1 years) and 15 overweight (BMI 25-30 kg/m2) individuals (11 women, 4 men, mean age 50.2 ± 14.5 years) as controls. The group with MetS had significantly higher levels of glycaemia, uric acid, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, homocysteine, fibrinogen, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides, small dense LDL, oxidized LDL, apolipoprotein B (Apo B), lipoprotein (a), small and intermediate high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles, oxidative stress index, and significantly lower levels of HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), Apo A, and large HDL particles. In conclusion, obesity with MetS increase atherogenic dyslipidemia and thrombotic, inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers. Furthermore, obesity with MetS decreases protective mechanisms of atherosclerosis. We should at least try to prevent overweight individuals from becoming obese with MetS.

TA-65, A Telomerase Activator improves Cardiovascular Markers in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (17) ◽  
pp. 1905-1911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Luz Fernandez ◽  
Minu Sara Thomas ◽  
Bruno S. Lemos ◽  
Diana M. DiMarco ◽  
Amanda Missimer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Luminex Technology

Background: Telomerase Activator 65 (TA-65), a compound extracted from Astragalus membranaceus has been used in Chinese traditional medicine for extending lifespan. Scarce information exists on the effects of TA-65 on parameters of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Methods: We recruited 40 patients with MetS to determine the effects of TA-65 on dyslipidemias, hypertension, and oxidative stress in this at-risk population. The study was a double-blind, randomized crossover design in which patients were allocated to consume either 16 mg daily of a TA-65 supplement or a placebo for 12 weeks. Following a 3-week washout, participants were allocated to the alternate treatment for an additional 12 weeks. Anthropometric and biological markers were measured at the end of each treatment. Plasma lipids, glucose, CReactive Protein (CRP), liver enzymes, and glycosylated hemoglobin were measured using a Cobas c-111. Inflammatory cytokines were measured by Luminex technology and markers of oxidative stress by the use of spectroscopy. Results: Compared to the placebo period, HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) was higher while body mass index, waist circumference, and the LDL/HDL ratio were lower (p < 0.05) during TA-65 treatment. In addition, plasma tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was lower during the TA-65 period (p< 0.05). Positive correlations were observed in changes between the placebo and the TA-65 periods in HDL-C and CRP (r = -0.511, p < 0.01), alanine aminotransferase (r = -0.61, p < 0.001) and TNF-α (r = -0.550, p < 0.001) suggesting that the favorable changes observed in HDL were associated with decreases in inflammation. Conclusion: TA-65 improved key markers of cardiovascular disease risk, which were also associated with reductions in inflammation.

scholarly journals Selenium levels and glutathione peroxidase activity in patients with ataxia-telangiectasia: association with oxidative stress and lipid status biomarkers

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Itana Gomes Alves Andrade ◽  
Fabíola Isabel Suano-Souza ◽  
Fernando Luiz Affonso Fonseca ◽  
Carolina Sanchez Aranda Lago ◽  
Roseli Oselka Saccardo Sarni
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Oxidized Ldl ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Apo B ◽  
Lipid Status ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Abstract Introduction Ataxia-Telangiectasia (A-T) is a multi-system disorder that may be associated with endocrine changes, oxidative stress in addition to inflammation. Studies suggest that selenium is a trace element related to protection against damage caused by oxidative stress. Objective To describe the plasma levels of selenium and erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity in A-T patients and to relate them to oxidative stress and lipid status biomarkers. Methods This is a cross-sectional and controlled study evaluating 22 A-T patients (age median, 12.2 years old) matched by gender and age with 18 healthy controls. We evaluated: nutritional status, food intake, plasma selenium levels, erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity, lipid status, inflammation and oxidative stress biomarkers. Results Adequate levels of selenium were observed in 24/36 (66.7%) in this evaluated population. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in selenium levels [47.6 μg/L (43.2–57.0) vs 54.6 (45.2–62.6) μg/dL, p = 0.242]. Nine of A-T patients (41%) had selenium levels below the reference value. The A-T group presented higher levels of LDL-c, non-HDL-c, oxidized LDL, Apo B, Apo-B/Apo-A-I1, LDL-c/HDL-c ratio, malondialdehyde [3.8 µg/L vs 2.8 µg/L, p = 0.029] and lower Apo-A-I1/HDL-c and glutathione peroxidase activity [7300 U/L vs 8686 U/L, p = 0.005]. Selenium levels were influenced, in both groups, independently, by the concentrations of oxidized LDL, malonaldehyde and non-HDL-c. The oxidized LDL (AUC = 0.849) and ALT (AUC = 0.854) were the variables that showed the greatest discriminatory power between groups. Conclusion In conclusion, we observed the presence of selenium below the reference value in nearly 40% and low GPx activity in A-T patients. There was a significant, inverse and independent association between selenium concentrations and oxidative stress biomarkers. Those data reinforce the importance of assessing the nutritional status of selenium in those patients.

Effects of diets rich in ghee or olive oil on cardiometabolic risk factors in healthy adults: A 2-period, crossover, randomized trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Susan Mohammadi Hosseinabadi ◽  
Javad Nasrollahzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Apo B ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the cardiovascular health-related effects of consuming ghee in the usual diet. Thirty healthy men and women were studied in a free-living outpatient regimen. The participants were instructed for the isocaloric inclusion of ghee or olive oil in their diets for 4 weeks using a randomized crossover design. At the end of run-in (baseline), 2-week wash-out, and interventions, fasting blood samples were drawn. In addition, 2-h postprandial blood samples were collected after ingestion of a meal containing olive oil or ghee at week 4 of each dietary intervention. Body weight was not different between the two interventions. Compared to the olive oil, the diet with ghee increased fasting plasma apolipoprotein-B (apo B) (0.09, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.17 g/L, p= 0.018) and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) (0.53, 95% CI 0.01 to 1.05 mmol/L, p= 0.046) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol did not differ significantly between diet groups (0.29, 95% CI –0.05 to 0.63 mmol/L, p= 0.092), but had no significant effect on total cholesterol/HDL-C ratio (0.75, 95% CI −0.24 to 1.74 mmol/L, p= 0.118). No significant difference was observed in fasting as well as 2-h postprandial plasma triacylglycerol, glucose, insulin, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 concentrations. This study showed that ghee which is predominantly saturated fats had an increasing effect on plasma apo B and non-HDL-C compared to olive oil, adding further evidence to the existing recommendations to replace dietary fats high in SFA with dietary fats high in unsaturated fats to reduce cardiovascular disease risk.

scholarly journals Raphanus sativus ameliorates atherogeneic lipid profiles in hypercholesterolemic rats and hypercholesterolemia-associated peroxidative liver damage

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1385-1394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mozammel Haque ◽  
Jahirul Islam ◽  
Asiqur Rahaman ◽  
Fowzia Akter Selina ◽  
Mohammad Azizur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipid Peroxide ◽  
Hot Water

Objective: Raphanus sativus is a hugely used edible root vegetable. We investigated whether the feeding of the Raphanus sativus hot water extract (RSE) ameliorates atherogenic lipid profile and oxidative stress in hypercholesterolemia. Methods: After feeding of the RSE to hypercholesterolemic rats for 6 weeks, the levels of plasma and hepatic total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and plasma high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and fecal TC levels were studied. The effects of RSE on the hepatic enzymes, namely alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), the levels of lipid peroxide (LPO) and liver histology were also evaluated. Results: Hypercholesterolemia increased the levels of TC and TG in the plasma and livers. The levels of ALT, AST and ALP in plasma and LPO in the liver also increased. The dietary RSE, however, significantly ameliorated the above atherogenic lipids and liver enzymes. The RSE significantly reduced the levels of LPO in the liver, suggesting an in vivo protection against of oxidative stress. The RSE also inhibited the in vitro Fenton’s reagent-induced oxidative stress, thus corroborating the in vivo anti-LPO actions of RSE. The levels of hepatic LPO were positively correlated with plasma AST (r=0.76; P <0.05) and ALT (r=0.43; P<0.05) levels. Histologically, the livers of the RSE-fed hypercholesterolemic rats exhibited lesser fatty droplets and reduced inflammatory cells. Conclusion: Finally, R. sativus extract lowers the cardiovascular disease risk factors under hypercholesterolemic situation by increasing the plasma/hepatic clearance of cholesterol and improving the hypercholesterolemia-induced oxidative damage of hepatic tissues.

scholarly journals Lipoprotein(a): A Genetically Determined, Causal, and Prevalent Risk Factor for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gissette Reyes-Soffer ◽  
Henry N. Ginsberg ◽  
Lars Berglund ◽  
P. Barton Duell ◽  
Sean P. Heffron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Major Protein ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Lipoprotein A ◽  
Scientific Statement ◽  
Genetically Determined

High levels of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], an apoB100-containing lipoprotein, are an independent and causal risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases through mechanisms associated with increased atherogenesis, inflammation, and thrombosis. Lp(a) is predominantly a monogenic cardiovascular risk determinant, with ≈70% to ≥90% of interindividual heterogeneity in levels being genetically determined. The 2 major protein components of Lp(a) particles are apoB100 and apolipoprotein(a). Lp(a) remains a risk factor for cardiovascular disease development even in the setting of effective reduction of plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apoB100. Despite its demonstrated contribution to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease burden, we presently lack standardization and harmonization of assays, universal guidelines for diagnosing and providing risk assessment, and targeted treatments to lower Lp(a). There is a clinical need to understand the genetic and biological basis for variation in Lp(a) levels and its relationship to disease in different ancestry groups. This scientific statement capitalizes on the expertise of a diverse basic science and clinical workgroup to highlight the history, biology, pathophysiology, and emerging clinical evidence in the Lp(a) field. Herein, we address key knowledge gaps and future directions required to mitigate the atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk attributable to elevated Lp(a) levels.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Efficacy of Lowering LDL Cholesterol with Rosuvastatin 10 mg in Four Korean Statin Benefit Groups as per ACC/AHA Guidelines (NewStaR4G)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 916
Author(s):  
Kyung-Jin Kim ◽  
Junghan Yoon ◽  
Kyung Heon Won ◽  
Sang-Wook Lim ◽  
In-Ho Chae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statin Therapy ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Korean Population ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Percentage Reduction

The American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) guidelines identified four statin benefit groups on the basis of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk reduction and proposed statin therapy by evidence-based intensity. Although these guidelines used randomized controlled trials with hard outcomes as exclusive evidence for its recommendations, a limited number of studies conducted in Asian countries makes its application of treatment strategy, intensity, and statin doses uncertain in these population. This prospective, multicenter study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of rosuvastatin 10 mg in the four statin benefit groups requiring high- or moderate-intensity statin therapy according to the ACC/AHA guidelines in the Korean population. The primary endpoint was percentage reduction in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Secondary endpoints were percentage reduction in other lipids and achievement of ≥50% reduction in LDL cholesterol. Rosuvastatin 10 mg lowered LDL cholesterol by 61.4 mg/dL, a 44.9% decrease from baseline after eight weeks. Reduction of LDL cholesterol ≥50% was achieved in 46.3% of patients. Rosuvastatin 10 mg was generally well tolerated. In the Korean population, rosuvastatin 10 mg was favorable and tolerant in lowering LDL cholesterol in the four statin benefit groups requiring high- or moderate-intensity statin therapy according to the ACC/AHA guidelines.

scholarly journals Effects of Bilberry Supplementation on Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease Risk

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1653
Author(s):  
Sze Wa Chan ◽  
Brian Tomlinson
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Potential Benefits

Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of interrelated conditions that is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Oxidative stress may impair normal physiological functions, leading to various illnesses. T2DM is considered to be associated with increased oxidative stress, inflammation, and dyslipidemia, which may play a significant role in the development of cardiovascular complications, cancer and vision loss through cataracts and retinopathy. While conventional therapies are a cornerstone for the management of the major risk factors of metabolic syndrome, increasing antioxidant defense by increasing intake of antioxidant-rich foods may improve long term prospects in CVD, obesity and T2DM. Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) is one of the richest natural sources of anthocyanins which give berries their red/purple/blue coloration. Anthocyanins are powerful antioxidants and are reported to play an important role in the prevention of metabolic disease and CVD as well as cancer and other conditions. This review focuses on the potential effects of bilberry supplementation on metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors. Although there is evidence to support the use of bilberry supplementation as part of a healthy diet, the potential benefits from the use of bilberry supplementation in patients with T2DM or CVD needs to be clarified in large clinical trials.

scholarly journals APO B/APO A1 RATIO AND ITS CORRELATION WITH CARDIOMETABOLIC RISK FACTORS AND OXIDATIVE STRESS IN SUBJECTS WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Deepthy C Sahadevan* ◽  
Archna Sing ◽  
Busi Karunanand ◽  
Himani Thakkar ◽  
Ajay Kumar Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Oxidative Stress Marker ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Apo B ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Objective: This study was designed to assess the apolipoprotein B (Apo-B), apolipoprotein A (Apo A) and Apo B/Apo A-I ratio in subjects with and withoutmetabolic syndrome andtoevaluate the correlationofApoB/ApoA-Iratiowithoxidative stressmarker andcardiovasculardisease risk. Methods:Atotal of 308 subjects including one hundred and fty- ve cases and one hundred and fty- three controls were recruited for this study. All the subjects were classied according to the NCEPATP III (National cholesterol education program – Adult treatment panel III) criteria for MetS. Anthropometric and clinical characteristics were recorded using clinical Proforma. Blood samples were collected for doing plasma glucose, Lipid prole analysis [Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL)], ApoA1, Apo B and oxidative stress marker - Malondialdehyde (MDA). Serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and Apo B/Apo A-I ratio were calculated. Comparison of data between the two groups was done by t test. Correlation coefcient of Apo B/ Apo A1 ratio with cadiometabolic risk factors were calculated. Result: We found that cardiometabolic risk factors like abdominal obesity, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, TG, atherogenic lipoproteins LDL, Apo B, Apo B/Apo A-I ratio and MDA were signicantly high in subjects with MetS whereas anti-atherogenic factor Apo A1 was signicantly low. We also observed that Apo B/AI ratio was positively related to cardiometabolic risk factors and with oxidative stress marker. Conclusion:Apo B/AI ratio was related to metabolic syndrome and was found to be a reliable indicator of cardiovascular risk in MetS.

scholarly journals Obesity-Related Metabolic Dysfunction in Dairy Cows and Horses: Comparison to Human Metabolic Syndrome

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1406
Author(s):  
Zsofia Daradics ◽  
Cristian M. Crecan ◽  
Mirela A. Rus ◽  
Iancu A. Morar ◽  
Mircea V. Mircean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Clinical Consequence ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Increased Risk

Obesity has become a serious health problem with frequent occurrence both in human and animal populations. It is estimated that it may affect over 85% of the human population and 70–80% of horses and cows by 2030. Fat cow syndrome (FCS) is a combination of metabolic, digestive, infectious, and reproductive disorders that affects obese periparturient dairy cows, and occurs most frequently in loose-housing systems, where periparturient and dry cows are fed and managed in one group disregarding the lactation stages. Equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) was named after human metabolic syndrome (MetS) and has insulin dysregulation as a central and consistent feature. It is often associated with obesity, although EMS may occur in a lean phenotype as well. Other inconsistent features of EMS are cardiovascular changes and adipose dysregulation. Laminitis is the main clinical consequence of EMS. MetS holds a 30-years old lead in research and represents a clustering of risk factors that comprise abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and hyperglycemia (impaired fasting glucose or type 2 diabetes mellitus—T2DM), which are associated with doubled atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk, and a 5-fold increased risk for T2DM. The main aim of this review is to provide critical information for better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of obesity-related metabolic dysfunction in animals, especially in cows and horses, in comparison with MetS. Human medicine studies can offer suitable candidate mechanisms to fill the existing gap in the literature, which might be indispensable for owners to tackle FCS, EMS, and their consequences.

Impact of aerobic exercise, sex, and metabolic syndrome on markers of oxidative stress: results from the Brain in Motion study

2020 ◽  
Vol 128 (4) ◽  
pp. 748-756
Author(s):  
Chantal L. Rytz ◽  
Vincent Pialoux ◽  
Mathilde Mura ◽  
Agnès Martin ◽  
David B. Hogan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Reducing Ability ◽  
Motion Study ◽  
Markers Of Oxidative Stress ◽  
The Brain

Oxidative stress may be involved in disease pathology and dependent on both modifiable and nonmodifiable factors. This study aimed to assess exercise-induced changes in markers of oxidative stress among older, sedentary adults and to determine the effects of metabolic syndrome (MetS) status, aerobic capacity, age, sex, and weight on these biomarkers. Two hundred and six participants (means ± SE; 66.8 ± 6.4 yr, 104 women) of the Brain in Motion study underwent a 6-mo aerobic exercise intervention. At three time points, venous blood samples were collected and analyzed for markers of oxidative stress [advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), malondialdehyde (MDA), 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) and antioxidant status: catalase, uric acid (UA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and ferric-reducing ability of plasma (FRAP)]. AOPP levels significantly decreased after 6 mo of aerobic exercise ( P = 0.003). This decrease was not modified by MetS status ( P = 0.183). Subjects with MetS possessed significantly higher levels of AOPP ( P < 0.001), MDA ( P = 0.004), and FRAP ( P = 0.049) across the intervention ( months 0–6). Men possessed significantly higher levels of FRAP ( P < 0.001), catalase ( P = 0.023), and UA ( P = 0.037) across the intervention ( months 0–6). Sex-MetS status interaction analyses revealed that the effect of MetS is highly sex dependent. These findings are multifaceted because the effect of MetS status seems distinctly different between sexes, pointing to the importance of acknowledging modifiable and nonmodifiable factor differences in individuals who possess conditions where oxidative stress may be part of the etiology. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Oxidative stress is implicated in a myriad of conditions, namely cardiovascular disease risk factors. This article details the effect of aerobic exercise, sex, and metabolic syndrome on markers of oxidative stress. We conclude that 6 mo of aerobic exercise significantly decreased oxidative stress, and further, that there is an effect of metabolic syndrome status on oxidative stress and antioxidant status levels, which are highly dependent on the sex of the individual.

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