scholarly journals Methanol Synthesis from CO2: A Review of the Latest Developments in Heterogeneous Catalysis

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 3902 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Guil-López ◽  
N. Mota ◽  
J. Llorente ◽  
E. Millán ◽  
B. Pawelec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methanol Synthesis ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Catalyst Design ◽  
Transportation Fuel ◽  
Catalytic Systems ◽  
Effective Utilization ◽  
Direct Hydrogenation

Technological approaches which enable the effective utilization of CO2 for manufacturing value-added chemicals and fuels can help to solve environmental problems derived from large CO2 emissions associated with the use of fossil fuels. One of the most interesting products that can be synthesized from CO2 is methanol, since it is an industrial commodity used in several chemical products and also an efficient transportation fuel. In this review, we highlight the recent advances in the development of heterogeneous catalysts and processes for the direct hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol. The main efforts focused on the improvement of conventional Cu/ZnO based catalysts and the development of new catalytic systems targeting the specific needs for CO2 to methanol reactions (unfavourable thermodynamics, production of high amount of water and high methanol selectivity under high or full CO2 conversion). Major studies on the development of active and selective catalysts based on thermodynamics, mechanisms, nano-synthesis and catalyst design (active phase, promoters, supports, etc.) are highlighted in this review. Finally, a summary concerning future perspectives on the research and development of efficient heterogeneous catalysts for methanol synthesis from CO2 will be presented.

scholarly journals Turning a Methanation Catalyst into a Methanol Producer: In-Co Catalysts for the Direct Hydrogenation of CO2 to Methanol

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasiya Bavykina ◽  
Irina Yarulina ◽  
Lieven Gevers ◽  
Mohamed Nejib Hedhili ◽  
Xiaohe Miao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Hydrogenation Of Co2 ◽  
Co Catalysts ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Direct Hydrogenation ◽  
Co Precipitation

<div> <div> <div> <p>The direct hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol using green hydrogen is regarded as a potential technology to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and the dependence on fossil fuels. For this technology to become feasible, highly selective and productive catalysts that can operate under a wide range of reaction conditions near thermodynamic conversion are required. Here, we demonstrate that indium in close contact with cobalt catalyses the formation of methanol from CO2 with high selectivity (>80%) and productivity (0.86 gCH3OH.gcatalyst-1.h-1) at conversion levels close to thermodynamic equilibrium, even at temperatures as high as 300 °C and at moderate pressures (50 bar). The studied In@Co system, obtained via co- precipitation, undergoes in situ transformation under the reaction conditions to form the active phase. Extensive characterization demonstrates that the active catalyst is composed of a mixed metal carbide (Co3InC0.75), indium oxide (In2O3) and metallic Co. </p> </div> </div> </div>

scholarly journals Catalysts for the Conversion of CO2 to Low Molecular Weight Olefins—A Review

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 6952
Author(s):  
Barbara Pawelec ◽  
Rut Guil-López ◽  
Noelia Mota ◽  
Jose Fierro ◽  
Rufino Navarro Yerga
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Catalyst Design ◽  
Light Olefins ◽  
Petroleum Processing ◽  
Hydrogenation Of Co2 ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Olefin Production ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanomaterials ◽  
Reaction Routes

There is a large worldwide demand for light olefins (C2=–C4=), which are needed for the production of high value-added chemicals and plastics. Light olefins can be produced by petroleum processing, direct/indirect conversion of synthesis gas (CO + H2) and hydrogenation of CO2. Among these methods, catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 is the most recently studied because it could contribute to alleviating CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. However, due to thermodynamic reasons, the design of catalysts for the selective production of light olefins from CO2 presents different challenges. In this regard, the recent progress in the synthesis of nanomaterials with well-controlled morphologies and active phase dispersion has opened new perspectives for the production of light olefins. In this review, recent advances in catalyst design are presented, with emphasis on catalysts operating through the modified Fischer–Tropsch pathway. The advantages and disadvantages of olefin production from CO2 via CO or methanol-mediated reaction routes were analyzed, as well as the prospects for the design of a single catalyst for direct olefin production. Conclusions were drawn on the prospect of a new catalyst design for the production of light olefins from CO2.

scholarly journals Intraparticle Model for Non-Uniform Active Phase Distribution Catalysts in a Batch Reactor

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Emiliano Salucci ◽  
Vincenzo Russo ◽  
Tapio Salmi ◽  
Martino Di Serio ◽  
Riccardo Tesser
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Phase Distribution ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Reactive System ◽  
Catalytic Systems ◽  
Synthesis Strategy ◽  
Egg Shell

The study and the understanding of the importance of the morphological properties of heterogeneous catalysts can pave the way for important improvements in the performance of catalytic systems. Non-uniform active phase distribution catalysts are normally adopted for consecutive reactions to improve the selectivity to the desired intermediate product. Attributes on which minor attention is paid, such as the distribution and thickness of the active phase, can be decisive in the final rationale of the catalyst synthesis strategy. Starting from a previous work, where a single non-uniform active phase model for catalyst particles was developed, a key step to control the entire system is to include the bulk-phase equations and related transport phenomena. For this purpose, this work proposes a modeling approach of a biphasic reactive system in a batch reactor in the presence of three different kinds of catalytic particles (egg shell, egg white, and egg yolk) whose distinction lies in the localization of the active zone. The reactive network consists of a couple of reactions in series, which take place exclusively on the solid surface, and the intermediate component is the main product of interest. To reveal the influence related to the type of catalyst, an extensive parametric study was conducted, varying several structural coefficients to highlight the changes in the intraparticle and bulk concentration profiles of the different chemical species. The main results can be considered of wide interest for the chemical reaction engineering community, as it was demonstrated that mass and heat transfer limitations affect the catalyst performance. For the chosen system, the egg shell catalyst normally led to better catalytic performances.

Alcohol-mediated Reduction of Biomass-derived Furanic Aldehydes via Catalytic Hydrogen Transfer

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (20) ◽  
pp. 2168-2179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yufei Xu ◽  
Jingxuan Long ◽  
Jian He ◽  
Hu Li
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Hydrogen Transfer ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Product Distribution ◽  
Transfer Hydrogenation ◽  
Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Catalytic Systems ◽  
Catalytic Transfer ◽  
Furanic Compounds

With the depletion of fossil energy, liquid biofuels are becoming one of the effective alternatives to replace fossil fuels. The catalytic transfer and hydrogenation of biomass-based furanic compounds into fuels and value-added chemicals has become a spotlight in this field. Gas hydrogen is often used as the H-donor for the hydrogenation reactions. It is a very straightforward and simple method to implement, but sometimes it comes with the danger of operation and the difficulty of regulation. In recent years, diverse liquid hydrogen donor reagents have been employed in the catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) of biomass. Amongst those H-donors, alcohol is a kind of green and benign reagent that has been used in different biomass conversion reactions. This type of reagent is very convenient to use, and the involved operation process is safe, as compared to that of H2. In this review, the application of alcohols as liquid H-donors in the catalytic transfer hydrogenation of biomass-derived furanic compounds is depicted, and the representative reaction mechanisms are discussed. Emphasis is also laid on the selective control of product distribution in the described catalytic systems.

scholarly journals Catalytic Conversion of Glycerol into Hydrogen and Value-Added Chemicals: Recent Research Advances

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1455
Author(s):  
Yulin Hu ◽  
Quan He ◽  
Chunbao Xu
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Catalytic Conversion ◽  
H2 Production ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Waste Cooking Oils ◽  
Fuels And Chemicals ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Cooking Oils

In recent decades, the use of biomass as alternative resources to produce renewable and sustainable biofuels such as biodiesel has gained attention given the situation of the progressive exhaustion of easily accessible fossil fuels, increasing environmental concerns, and a dramatically growing global population. The conventional transesterification of edible, nonedible, or waste cooking oils to produce biodiesel is always accompanied by the formation of glycerol as the by-product. Undeniably, it is essential to economically use this by-product to produce a range of valuable fuels and chemicals to ensure the sustainability of the transesterification process. Therefore, recently, glycerol has been used as a feedstock for the production of value-added H2 and chemicals. In this review, the recent advances in the catalytic conversion of glycerol to H2 and high-value chemicals are thoroughly discussed. Specifically, the activity, stability, and recyclability of the catalysts used in the steam reforming of glycerol for H2 production are covered. In addition, the behavior and performance of heterogeneous catalysts in terms of the roles of active metal and support toward the formation of acrolein, lactic acid, 1,3-propanediol, and 1,2-propanediol from glycerol are reviewed. Recommendations for future research and main conclusions are provided. Overall, this review offers guidance and directions for the sufficient and economical utilization of glycerol to generate fuels and high value chemicals, which will ultimately benefit industry, environment, and economy.

scholarly journals Selectivity Control of C-O Bond Cleavage for Catalytic Biomass Valorization

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumei Jian ◽  
Ye Meng ◽  
Hu Li
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Bond Cleavage ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Catalytic Systems ◽  
High Oxygen Content ◽  
Selectivity Control ◽  
Main Components

Increasing fossil fuels consumption and global warming have driven the global revolution towards renewable energy sources. Lignocellulosic biomass is the main source of renewable carbon-based fuels. The abundant intermolecular linkages and high oxygen content between cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin limit the use of traditional fuels. Therefore, it is a promising strategy to break the above linkages and remove oxygen by selective catalytic cracking of C–O bond to further transform the main components of biomass into small molecular products. This mini-review discusses the significance of selectivity control in C–O bond cleavage with well-tailored catalytic systems or strategies for furnishing biofuels and value-added chemicals of high efficiency from lignocellulosic biomass. The current challenges and future opportunities of converting lignocellulose biomass into high-value chemicals are also summarized and analyzed.

scholarly journals Terpenes and Terpenoids: Building Blocks to Produce Biopolymers

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-492
Author(s):  
Marta. E. G. Mosquera ◽  
Gerardo Jiménez ◽  
Vanessa Tabernero ◽  
Joan Vinueza-Vaca ◽  
Carlos García-Estrada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Catalytic Systems ◽  
Economy Model ◽  
Value Added Products ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Polymers are essential materials in our daily life. The synthesis of value-added polymers is mainly performed from fossil fuel-derived monomers. However, the adoption of the circular economy model based on the bioeconomy will reduce the dependence on fossil fuels. In this context, biorefineries have emerged to convert biomass into bioenergy and produce high value-added products, including molecules that can be further used as building blocks for the synthesis of biopolymers and bioplastics. The achievement of catalytic systems able to polymerize the natural monomer counterparts, such as terpenes or terpenoids, is still a challenge in the development of polymers with good mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties. This review describes the most common types of bioplastics and biopolymers and focuses specifically on the polymerization of terpenes and terpenoids, which represent a source of promising monomers to create bio-based polymers and copolymers.

scholarly journals Turning a Methanation Catalyst into a Methanol Producer: In-Co Catalysts for the Direct Hydrogenation of CO2 to Methanol

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasiya Bavykina ◽  
Irina Yarulina ◽  
Lieven Gevers ◽  
Mohamed Nejib Hedhili ◽  
Xiaohe Miao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Hydrogenation Of Co2 ◽  
Co Catalysts ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Direct Hydrogenation ◽  
Co Precipitation

<div> <div> <div> <p>The direct hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol using green hydrogen is regarded as a potential technology to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and the dependence on fossil fuels. For this technology to become feasible, highly selective and productive catalysts that can operate under a wide range of reaction conditions near thermodynamic conversion are required. Here, we demonstrate that indium in close contact with cobalt catalyses the formation of methanol from CO2 with high selectivity (>80%) and productivity (0.86 gCH3OH.gcatalyst-1.h-1) at conversion levels close to thermodynamic equilibrium, even at temperatures as high as 300 °C and at moderate pressures (50 bar). The studied In@Co system, obtained via co- precipitation, undergoes in situ transformation under the reaction conditions to form the active phase. Extensive characterization demonstrates that the active catalyst is composed of a mixed metal carbide (Co3InC0.75), indium oxide (In2O3) and metallic Co. </p> </div> </div> </div>

What catalysis needs from the electron microscopist

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 694-695
Author(s):  
Alexis T. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Active Sites ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Catalyst Deactivation ◽  
Surface Composition ◽  
Internal Surface ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Metal Catalyst ◽  
Internal Surface Area ◽  
Porous Support

Heterogeneous catalysts, used in industry for the production of fuels and chemicals, are microporous solids characterized by a high internal surface area. The catalyticly active sites may occur at the surface of the bulk solid or of small crystallites deposited on a porous support. An example of the former case would be a zeolite, and of the latter, a supported metal catalyst. Since the activity and selectivity of a catalyst are known to be a function of surface composition and structure, it is highly desirable to characterize catalyst surfaces with atomic scale resolution. Where the active phase is dispersed on a support, it is also important to know the dispersion of the deposited phase, as well as its structural and compositional uniformity, the latter characteristics being particularly important in the case of multicomponent catalysts. Knowledge of the pore size and shape is also important, since these can influence the transport of reactants and products through a catalyst and the dynamics of catalyst deactivation.

Catalysts for hydrogenation of CO2 into components of motor fuels

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Yu.V. Bilokopytov ◽  
◽  
S.L. Melnykova ◽  
N.Yu. Khimach ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Catalyst Stability ◽  
Co2 Conversion ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Synthesis Conditions ◽  
Hydrogenation Of Co2 ◽  
Mesoporous Zeolites ◽  
Motor Fuels

CO2 is a harmful greenhouse gas, a product of chemical emissions, the combustion of fossil fuels and car exhausts, and it is a widely available source of carbon. The review considers various ways of hydrogenation of carbon dioxide into components of motor fuels - methanol, dimethyl ether, ethanol, hydrocarbons - in the presence of heterogeneous catalysts. At each route of conversion of CO2 (into oxygenates or hydrocarbons) the first stage is the formation of CO by the reverse water gas shift (rWGS) reaction, which must be taken into account when catalysts of process are choosing. The influence of chemical nature, specific surface area, particle size and interaction between catalyst components, as well as the method of its production on the CO2 conversion processes is analyzed. It is noted that the main active components of CO2 conversion into methanol are copper atoms and ions which interact with the oxide components of the catalyst. There is a positive effect of other metals oxides additives with strong basic centers on the surface on the activity of the traditional copper-zinc-aluminum oxide catalyst for the synthesis of methanol from the synthesis gas. The most active catalysts for the synthesis of DME from CO2 and H2 are bifunctional. These catalysts contain both a methanol synthesis catalyst and a dehydrating component, such as mesoporous zeolites with acid centers of weak and medium strength, evenly distributed on the surface. The synthesis of gasoline hydrocarbons (≥ C5) is carried out through the formation of CO or CH3OH and DME as intermediates on multifunctional catalysts, which also contain zeolites. Hydrogenation of CO2 into ethanol can be considered as an alternative to the synthesis of ethanol through the hydration of ethylene. High activation energy of carbon dioxide, harsh synthesis conditions as well as high selectivity for hydrocarbons, in particular methane remains the main problems. Further increase of selectivity and efficiency of carbon dioxide hydrogenation processes involves the use of nanocatalysts taking into account the mechanism of CO2 conversion reactions, development of methods for removing excess water as a by-product from the reaction zone and increasing catalyst stability over time.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document