scholarly journals Development and Optimization of Tin/Flux Mixture for Direct Tinning and Interfacial Bonding in Aluminum/Steel Bimetallic Compound Casting

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 5642
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ramadan ◽  
Abdulaziz S. Alghamdi ◽  
K. M. Hafez ◽  
Tayyab Subhani ◽  
K. S. Abdel Halim
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Solid Substrate ◽  
Interfacial Bonding ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
Compound Casting ◽  
Bonding Area ◽  
Bearing Alloy

Interfacial bonding highly affects the quality of bimetallic bearing materials, which primarily depend upon the surface quality of a solid metal substrate in liquid–solid compound casting. In many cases, an intermediate thin metallic layer is deposited on the solid substrate before depositing the liquid metal, which improves the interfacial bonding of the opposing materials. The present work aims to develop and optimize the tinning process of a solid carbon steel substrate after incorporating flux constituents with the tin powder. Five ratios of tin-to-flux—i.e., 1:1, 1:5, 1:10, 1:15, and 1:20—were used for tinning process of carbon steel solid substrate. Furthermore, the effect of volume ratios of liquid Al-based bearing alloy to solid steel substrate were also varied—i.e., 5:1, 6.5:1 and 8.5:1—to optimize the microstructural and mechanical performance, which were evaluated by interfacial microstructural investigation, bonding area determination, hardness and interfacial strength measurements. It was found that a tin-to-flux ratio of 1:10 offered the optimum performance in AlSn12Si4Cu1/steel bimetallic materials, showing a homogenous and continuous interfacial layer structure, while tinned steels using other percentages showed discontinuous and thin layers, as in 1:5 and 1:15, respectively. Furthermore, bimetallic interfacial bonding area and hardness increased by increasing the volume ratio of liquid Al alloy to solid steel substrate. A complete interface bonding area was achieved by using the volume ratio of liquid Al alloy to solid steel substrate of ≥8.5.

Influence of Tinning Material on Interfacial Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Al12Sn4Si1Cu /Carbon Steel Bimetallic Castings for Bearing Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 835 ◽  
pp. 108-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ramadan ◽  
B. Ayadi ◽  
W. Rajhi ◽  
A.S. Alghamdi
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Casting Technique ◽  
Compound Casting ◽  
Bearing Alloy ◽  
Interface Bond ◽  
Bimetal Composite ◽  
Pure Sn

Fluxing and tinning processes are usually used to improve the adhesion of the Al bearing layer on steel substrate. Commonly after grinding the surface of the steel substrate, it is briefly immersed in flux solution followed by coating steel surface with either pure Sn (in a process known as tinning process) to promote adhesion between the bearing alloys and the steel. The current work is designated to investigate the influence of tinning material for carbon steel substrate using simultaneous fluxing and tinning mixture technique. The influence of three different tinning materials on the interface structure and shear strength of cast Al-Sn bearing alloy/steel bimetal composite is evaluated for compound casting technique. Sn pure, Sn-3Cu alloy and Sn-7.5Sb-3Cu powder alloys mixed individually with flux are used as tinning materials. It was found that using of different tinning materials have a significant effect on the bonding of interface area and the shear strength of interface as well. The shear strength of the bimetal fabricated using tinning mixture contains Sn+3% Cu with flux significantly increases by 59% compared to that fabricated using tinning mixture contains pure Sn. This increment is mainly due to the improvements of the interface bond structure and lower percentage of tin oxides. Such kind of phenomena can be explained in the fact that Cu minimizes the possibility of Sn oxidation during tinning process and during preheating of tinned steel substrate before casting of Al12Sn4Si1Cu bearing alloy as well.

Study of Micro-Inclusion of Grade 45 Steel

2013 ◽  
Vol 634-638 ◽  
pp. 1869-1873
Author(s):  
Bu Qing Xiao ◽  
Sheng Fu Li ◽  
Xiao Tao Tian ◽  
Jian Xing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Production Process ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Slag Refining ◽  
Type Composition ◽  
Compound Casting ◽  
Al2o3 Inclusion

According to the production process of grade 45 steel(120tBOF→slag refining→ CC), some system analysis are introduced to research on the type composition and quantity of micro-inclusions, and the effect of slag washing production process on the cleanliness of casting slab is evaluated. The results of the study show that: The content of T[O] is 48.75ppm in normal slab, The content of T[O] is 56.2ppm in head slab, The content of T[O] is 49.2ppm in compound casting slab.The main types of micro-inclusion in slab are MnS inclusion and Al2O3 inclusion. The quality of micro-inclusions is 14.32/mm2 in the normal slab, the quality of micro-inclusions is 17.68 /mm2 in the head slab, the quality of micro-inclusions is 27.94 /mm2 in the compound casting. In the normal slab, the average total volume ratio of micro-inclusions is 0.0458%. The particle size of micro-inclusions is smaller. The particle size of less than 10μm in micro-inclusions is the largest and is about 80%.

Corrosion Behaviour of Zn-Al Pseudo-Alloy Coating on Carbon Steel in Chloride Environments

2012 ◽  
Vol 567 ◽  
pp. 45-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
An Qiang Liu ◽  
Kui Xiao ◽  
Chao Fang Dong ◽  
Xiao Gang Li
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Corrosion Behaviour ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Salt Spray ◽  
Alloy Coating ◽  
Salt Spray Test ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
Electrochemical Tests ◽  
Arc Spray ◽  
Sacrificial Protection

In this work, Zn-Al alloy and Zn-Al pseudo-alloy coatings are deposited on carbon steel by arc spray technology. The corrosion behaviour of the coatings has been studied by salt spray test and electrochemical experiment. The morphology of the coatings exposed to salt spray test for 400 h was analyzed using SEM and EDS. Results show that corrosion rate of Zn-Al alloy coating is faster than that of Zn-Al pseudo-alloy coating and the steel substrate is attacked. The corrosion products formed on the surface of Zn-Al alloy coating were loose, with a large number of cracks and holes, but the Zn-Al pseudo-alloy coating is converted into a stable Al-rich oxide layer, which protects the steel substrate against corrosive attacks and enhances the corrosion resistance of the Zn-Al pseudo-alloy coating. Electrochemical tests show the Zn-Al pseudo-alloy coating as a sacrificial protection coating has the capability of providing sacrificial protection for the steel substrate.

The study of the electrochemical properties of zinc-rich coating on the base of water sodium silicate

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Le Hong Quan ◽  
Nguyen Van Chi ◽  
Mai Van Minh ◽  
Nong Quoc Quang ◽  
Dong Van Kien
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Electrochemical Properties ◽  
Sodium Silicate ◽  
Cathodic Protection ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Electrical Contact ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance Spectra ◽  
Pure Zinc ◽  
Electric Circuits

The study examines the electrochemical properties of a coating based on water sodium silicate and pure zinc dust (ZSC, working title - TTL-VN) using the Electrochemical Impedance Spectra (EIS) with AutoLAB PGSTAT204N. The system consists of three electrodes: Ag/AgCl (SCE) reference electrode in 3 M solution of KCl, auxiliary electrode Pt (8x8 mm) and working electrodes (carbon steel with surface treatment up to Sa 2.5) for determination of corrosion potential (Ecorr) and calculation of equivalent electric circuits used for explanation of impedance measurement results. It was shown that electrochemical method is effective for study of corrosion characteristics of ZSC on steel. We proposed an interpretation of the deterioration over time of the ability of zinc particles in paint to provide cathodic protection for carbon steel. The results show that the value of Ecorr is between -0,9 and -1,1 V / SCE for ten days of diving. This means that there is an electrical contact between the zinc particles, which provides good cathodic protection for the steel substrate and most of the zinc particles were involved in the osmosis process. The good characteristics of the TTL-VN coating during immersion in a 3,5% NaCl solution can also be explained by the preservation of corrosive zinc products in the coating, which allows the creation of random barrier properties.

Interfacial Bonding Behavior of Stainless Steel / Carbon Steel in Cold Rolling Process

2020 ◽  
Vol 982 ◽  
pp. 121-127
Author(s):  
Shuo Li ◽  
Qing Dong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Rolling Process ◽  
Interfacial Bonding ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Nanoindentation Test ◽  
Real Contact Area ◽  
Steel Matrix ◽  
Bonding Quality

A cylindrical indenter was designed to simulate the roller and 304 stainless steel / Q235A carbon steel plate with different roughness were bonded together. The interfacial bonding behavior was investigated by SEM, ultrasonic “C” scanning detection and nanoindentation test. The result reveal that with the increase of contact pressure between interfaces, the atoms of dissimilar metals begin to diffuse across interfaces in some regions, then form island-like bonding regions, and eventually extend to the whole interface. There are no obvious cracks on the surface of stainless steel and carbon steel after deformation. The cold roll-bonding mechanism of stainless steel and carbon steel is that elements on both sides of the interface diffuse and form a shallow diffusion layer under pressure to ensure the joint strength, and the joint bonding strength is greater than the strength of carbon steel matrix. In addition, the surface morphology of base metal has a great influence on the interfacial bonding quality. The higher surface roughness values increases the hardening degree of rough peak, which makes real contact area difficult to increase and reduce the interfacial bonding quality.

scholarly journals Homogenization of the interfacial bonding of compound-cast AA7075/6060 bilayer billets by co-extrusion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Chen ◽  
Danai Giannopoulou ◽  
Thomas Greß ◽  
Jonas Isakovic ◽  
Tim Mittler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Hot Extrusion ◽  
Interfacial Bonding ◽  
Cast Billet ◽  
Process Chain ◽  
Good Corrosion Resistance ◽  
The Core ◽  
Metallurgical Bonding ◽  
Compound Casting ◽  
Casting Parameter

AbstractA process chain of compound casting and co-extrusion of AA7075/6060 bilayer billets is introduced to manufacture hybrid components with strength in the core and good corrosion-resistance in the shell. Using optimized compound casting parameter, metallurgical bonding between the shell AA6060 and the core AA7075 can be achieved through remelting and recrystallization of the substrate AA7075. The locally unequal thermal conditions at the interface induces partially weak bonding. The bonding strength in greater distance from the casting gate is generally lower. Hot extrusion is applied to improve the interfacial bonding. Comparisons of the microstructure and the shear strength between as-cast billet and extrudate present the homogenization of the interfacial bonding through the process chain.

Hole Expansion by Using Al-Alloy Specimen and 0.45% Carbon Steel Specimen

2010 ◽  
Vol 452-453 ◽  
pp. 601-604
Author(s):  
Muhammed Sohel Rana ◽  
Md. Shafiul Ferdous ◽  
Chobin Makabe ◽  
Masaki Fujikawa
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Cold Work ◽  
Fatigue Crack Initiation ◽  
Steel Specimen ◽  
Expansion Method ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
2024 Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Cold Worked

The enhancement method of fatigue life and the crack initiate and growth behavior of a holed specimen was investigated by using the 2024 Aluminum alloy and 0.45% Carbon steel. The purpose of present study is to propose a simple technical method for enhancement of fatigue life in a notched specimen. Also, the effect of local plastic deformation by cold work on fatigue crack initiation behavior was examined. This paper presents a basic experimental kinematic cold expansion method by inserting and removing a pin through the specimen hole. The shape of cross-section of pin was a circle or an ellipse. It was shown that the fatigue life of the specimen with the cold-worked hole was longer than that of the specimen with non-cold-worked hole for the case of same stress level in aluminum alloy and carbon steel. Also, the fatigue strength was higher in the case of the cold expanded hole. In this study, a methodology of lengthening of fatigue life of holed specimen is shown. Also, the improvement conditions of fatigue life were significantly affected by shape of pin, local hardening and residual stress conditions. The fatigue life improvement of the damaged component of structures was studied.

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