Electrically Tunable Left-Handed Textile Metamaterial for Microwave Applications

An electrically tunable, textile-based metamaterial (MTM) is presented in this work. The proposed MTM unit cell consists of a decagonal-shaped split-ring resonator and a slotted ground plane integrated with RF varactor diodes. The characteristics of the proposed MTM were first studied independently using a single unit cell, prior to different array combinations consisting of 1 × 2, 2 × 1, and 2 × 2 unit cells. Experimental validation was conducted for the fabricated 2 × 2 unit cell array format. The proposed tunable MTM array exhibits tunable left-handed characteristics for both simulation and measurement from 2.71 to 5.51 GHz and provides a tunable transmission coefficient of the MTM. Besides the left-handed properties within the frequency of interest (from 1 to 15 GHz), the proposed MTM also exhibits negative permittivity and permeability from 8.54 to 10.82 GHz and from 10.6 to 13.78 GHz, respectively. The proposed tunable MTM could operate in a dynamic mode using a feedback system for different microwave wearable applications.

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‘Folded-Line’ Left Handed Metamaterial for Efficient Architecture Implementation

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.892.127 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 892 ◽

pp. 127-133

Author(s):

Suhailah Saibu ◽

Mohd Ali Lee Razak

Keyword(s):

Electromagnetic Waves ◽

Split Ring Resonator ◽

Unit Cell ◽

Negative Permittivity ◽

Electromagnetic Response ◽

The Novel ◽

Scattering Parameter ◽

Left Handed ◽

Electric And Magnetic Fields ◽

Operational Frequency

The design of artificial metamaterial (MTM) has been proposed as an effective medium with extracted scattering parameter by applying Nicolson-Ross-Weir (NWR) equation to achieved negative permittivity and permeability. The novel architecture of ‘Folded-Line’ Left-handed metamaterial (FL-LHM) consist of split ring resonator SRR is designed and modified using LC lump elements analysis to extend bandwidth and operational frequency at 6 GHz to 12 GHz. In this study, we proposed metamaterial novel unit cell designs and simulate the performance in terms of the distribution of electric and magnetic fields, absorption, transmittance and reflectance. The unit cell of FL-LHM as medium allows controlling electromagnetic waves can cause backwave propagation is observed electromagnetic response that current induced in the closed FL-LHM unit cell. This design has its own advantage in term of FL-LHM parameter width, thickness, and absorption bandwidth and transmittance wavelength, might be severely important for particular purposes such as waveguiding or sensing application.

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A Multiband Antenna Stacked with Novel Metamaterial SCSRR and CSSRR for WiMAX/WLAN Applications

Micromachines ◽

10.3390/mi12020113 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 113

Author(s):

Rajiv Mohan David ◽

Mohammad Saadh AW ◽

Tanweer Ali ◽

Pradeep Kumar

Keyword(s):

Split Ring Resonator ◽

Unit Cell ◽

Ring Resonators ◽

Split Ring ◽

Medium Theory ◽

High Frequency Structure Simulator ◽

Dimension Analysis ◽

Unit Cells ◽

Coaxial Feed ◽

Triple Band

This paper presents an innovative method for the design of a triple band meta-mode antenna. This unique design of antenna finds application in a particular frequency band of WLAN and WiMAX. This antenna comprises of a square complimentary split ring resonator (SCSRR), a coaxial feed, and two symmetrical comb shaped split ring resonators (CSSRR). The metamaterial unit cell SCSRR independently gains control in the band range 3.15–3.25 GHz (WiMAX), whereas two symmetrical CSSRR unit cell controls the band in the ranges 3.91–4.01 GHz and 5.79–5.94 GHz (WLAN). This design methodology and the study of the suggested unit cells structure are reviewed in classical waveguide medium theory. The antenna has a miniaturized size of only 0.213λ0 × 0.192λ0 × 0.0271λ0 (20 × 18 × 2.54 mm3, where λ0 is the free space wavelength at 3.2 GHz). The detailed dimension analysis of the proposed antenna and its radiation efficiency are also presented in this paper. All the necessary simulations are carried out in High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) 13.0 tool.

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Rancang Bangun Antena Mikrostrip dengan Metamaterial CSRR untuk Penerima TV Digital

Jurnal Sustainable Jurnal Hasil Penelitian dan Industri Terapan ◽

10.31629/sustainable.v7i1.438 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 7-12

Author(s):

Dina Mariani ◽

Yanuar Mahfudz Safarudin

Keyword(s):

Return Loss ◽

Ground Plane ◽

Split Ring Resonator ◽

Negative Permittivity ◽

Digital Television ◽

Split Ring ◽

Analog To Digital ◽

Complementary Split Ring Resonator ◽

Result Show ◽

Working Frequency

Digital television technology has more benefit than analog television, for example several TV channel may included in one frequency channel. The changing from analog to digital televisions system require more innovative antenna parameter such as working frequency, bandwidth, return loss, VSWR, and gain. In other hand, the size of the antenna must be minimalized, so it can be integrated inside digital television. This research used metamaterial element of Complementary Split Ring Resonator (CSSR) method with negative permittivity that manufactured in the patch and Double Pole Ground Plane in the ground side. The antenna ad 478-694 operating frequency. Antenna design and simulation using CST (Computer Simulation Technology) Microwave Studio 2012. The result show that return-loss value < -10 dB, and VSWR = 2 at 478-625 MHz range of frequency. Te value of gain is 3.27 dBi, it has 147 MHz bandwidth, and omnidirectional radiation pattern.

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Modified Hexagonal Split Ring Resonator Based on an Epsilon-Negative Metamaterial for Triple-Band Satellite Communication

Micromachines ◽

10.3390/mi12080878 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 878

Author(s):

Salah Uddin Afsar ◽

Mohammad Rashed Iqbal Faruque ◽

Mohammad Jakir Hossain ◽

Mayeen Uddin Khandaker ◽

Hamid Osman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Satellite Communication ◽

Ring Resonator ◽

Negative Refractive Index ◽

Split Ring Resonator ◽

Metal Strip ◽

Unit Cell ◽

Negative Permittivity ◽

Long Distance ◽

Split Ring ◽

Triple Band

A triple-band epsilon-negative (ENG) metamaterial based on a split ring resonator (SSR) with a modified hexagonal-shaped metal strip proposed in this study is a new combination of a single slit square resonator and a modified hexagonal-shaped metal strip. The desired unit cell FR-4 (lossy) that was selected as the substrate was 1.6 mm thick. Following the assessment of the unit cell, a high-frequency electromagnetic simulator like the computer simulation technology (CST) microwave studio was applied to assess the S-parameters. The proposed design exhibited resonance at 2.89, 9.42, and 15.16 GHz. The unit cell also demonstrated negative permittivity in the frequency ranges 2.912–3.728 GHz, 9.552–10.144 GHz, and 15.216–17.328 GHz, along with a negative refractive index. An effective medium ratio (EMR) of 11.53 is an indicator of the goodness of the metamaterial unit cell. It is deliberate at the lowermost resonance frequency of 2.89 GHz. Moreover, the simulated results that were validated using HFSS and equivalent circuit model indicated slight variations. The proposed design was finalised based on several parametric studies, including design optimisation, different unit cell sizes, various substrate materials, and different electromagnetic (EM) field propagations. The proposed triple band (S, X, and Ku bands) negative permittivity metamaterial unit cell can be utilised for various wireless applications, such as microwave communication, satellite communication, and long-distance radio communication.

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A Hybrid Approach on Metamaterial-Loaded Fractal Antenna Design

Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society ◽

10.47037/2020.aces.j.350907 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (9) ◽

pp. 1022-1029

Author(s):

Dudla Prabhakar ◽

C. Rajendra Babu ◽

V. Adinarayana ◽

V. Prasad

Keyword(s):

Microstrip Line ◽

Ring Resonator ◽

Structural Parameters ◽

Hybrid Approach ◽

Split Ring Resonator ◽

Unit Cell ◽

Dual Band ◽

Fractal Antenna ◽

Split Ring ◽

Unit Cells

The paper provides the interoperable hybrid Grasshopper–Grey Wolf optimization (GHGWO) of the Square Split-Ring Resonator (SRR) metamaterial unit cell. This paper discusses the complex phase strategies of the electric and magnetic interplay of the charged microstrip line of the split ring resonator (SRR). Optimized unit of metamaterial cells for their bandwidth enhancement is packed into a new square fractal antenna. In the interim period of dual band efficiency, a new design is introduced for a microstrip line-feeding square fractal antenna with a faulty ground composition. In the second stage, a quasi-static SRR model is being used to streamline its structural parameters in an effort to reinforce the bandwidth so that optimized composition resonates at the required intensity area. In the GHGWO hybrid algorithm, SRR unit cell size limitations should be optimized and the convergence actions of the algorithm improved. Certain evolutions termed modified hybrid BF-PSO classical BFO, chaos PSO and IWO are being tested for efficiency of the Hybrid GHGWO algorithm. In the final stage, optimized SRR unit cells are stacked into a square fractal antenna that provides bandwidth output suited to wireless usages with upper and lower band. The prototype square fractal antenna without and with SRR unit cells is efficiently evaluated by trial results.

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Isolation Improvement Technique for Two Closely Spaced Loop Antennas Using MTM Absorber Cells

International Journal of Antennas and Propagation ◽

10.1155/2012/736065 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Hongmin Lee ◽

Hyungsup Lee

Keyword(s):

Ring Resonator ◽

Split Ring Resonator ◽

Unit Cell ◽

New Method ◽

Negative Permittivity ◽

Split Ring ◽

Antenna Structure ◽

Complementary Split Ring Resonator ◽

Permittivity And Permeability ◽

Loop Antennas

This paper presents a new method to improve isolation between two loop antennas with absorber cells exhibiting negative permittivity and permeability at the aimed frequency of 2.54 GHz. The metamaterial (MTM) unit cell was constructed by two open complementary split ring resonator (OCSRR) and a split ring resonator (SRR) arrangement. The proposed antenna structure consists of two loop antennas occupying a space with the dimensions of51 mm×24 mm×2 mmand three absorber cells. The size of each absorber unit cell is7.4 mm×7 mm×2 mm. The isolation of more than 20 dB was achieved with three absorber cells loaded between two loop antennas; interantenna spacing (center to center) is 0.23λ0at 2.54 GHz. The results show that port-to-port isolation between two antennas can be improved with absorber.

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Inductively tuned modified split ring resonator based quad band epsilon negative (ENG) with near zero index (NZI) metamaterial for multiband antenna performance enhancement

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-91432-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Md Moniruzzaman ◽

Mohammad Tariqul Islam ◽

Norbahiah Misran ◽

Md Samsuzzaman ◽

Touhidul Alam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ring Resonator ◽

Split Ring Resonator ◽

Simulation Software ◽

Unit Cell ◽

Significant Shift ◽

Antenna Gain ◽

Split Ring ◽

Multiband Antenna ◽

Gain Enhancement ◽

Unit Cells

AbstractAn inductively tuned modified split-ring resonator-based metamaterial (MTM) is presented in this article that provides multiple resonances covering S, C, X, and Ku-bands. The MTM is designed on an FR-4 substrate with a thickness of 1.5 mm and an electrical dimension of 0.063λ × 0.063λ where wavelength, λ is calculated at 2.38 GHz. The resonator part is a combination of three squared copper rings and one circular ring in which all the square rings are modified shaped, and the inner two rings are interconnected. The resonance frequency is tuned by adding inductive metal strips in parallel two vertical splits of the outer ring that causes a significant shift of resonances towards the lower frequencies and a highly effective medium ratio (EMR) of 15.75. Numerical simulation software CST microwave studio is used for the simulation and performance analysis of the proposed unit cell. The MTM unit cell exhibits six resonances of transmission coefficient (S21) at 2.38, 4.24, 5.98, 9.55, 12.1, and 14.34 GHz covering S, C, X, and Ku-bands with epsilon negative (ENG), near-zero permeability, and near-zero refractive index (NZI). The simulated result is validated by experiment with good agreement between them. The performance of the array of the unit cells is also investigated in both simulation and measurement. The equivalent circuit modeling has been accomplished using Advanced Design Software (ADS) that shows a similar S21 response compared to CST simulation. Noteworthy to mention that with the copper backplane, the same unit cell provides multiband absorption properties with four major absorption peaks of 99.6%, 95.7%, 99.9%, 92.7% with quality factors(Q-factor) of 28.4, 34.4, 23, and 32 at 3.98, 5.5, 11.73 and 13.47 GHz, respectively which can be applied for sensing and detecting purposes. The application of an array of the unit cells is investigated using it as a superstrate of an antenna that provides a 73% (average) increase of antenna gain. Due to its simple design, compact dimension with high EMR, ENG property with near-zero permeability, this multiband NZI metamaterial can be used for microwave applications, especially for multiband antenna gain enhancement.

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Modified double dumbbell-shaped split-ring resonator-based negative permittivity metamaterial for satellite communications with high effective medium ratio

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-98703-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Md Bellal Hossain ◽

Mohammad Rashed Iqbal Faruque ◽

Sikder Sunbeam Islam ◽

Mohammad Tariqul Islam

Keyword(s):

Numerical Simulation ◽

High Frequency ◽

Satellite Communication ◽

Ring Resonator ◽

Satellite Communications ◽

Split Ring Resonator ◽

Effective Medium ◽

Unit Cell ◽

Negative Permittivity ◽

Split Ring

AbstractMetamaterial with negative permittivity demonstrate excellent performance in cutting-edge technology. Thus, this study modified the double dumbbell-shaped split-ring resonator (MDD-SRR) based negative permittivity for satellite communications. The proposed MDD-SRR unit cell comprises a square-shaped split-ring resonator and two dumbbell-shaped rings. Some parts of the outer square ring were extended to enlarge the electrical length which altered the inductance of the metamaterial unit cell. The dimension of the proposed unit cell is 9 × 9 × 1.524 mm3, fabricated on a Rogers RT6002 (lossy) substrate material. Based on the results, five resonances for the transmission coefficient were achieved at frequencies of 2.896 GHz, 8.11 GHz, 9.76 GHz, 12.48 GHz and 13.49 GHz, including the S, X and Ku band satellite communication frequency bands through numerical simulation in a high-frequency electromagnetic simulator Computer Simulation Technology (CST) microwave studio. Negative permittivity at frequencies ranging from 2.896–3.76 GHz, 8.11–8.592 GHz, 9.76–10.784 GHz, 12.496–12.768 GHz, 13.504–14.4 GHz, were observed and extracted using the Robust and Nicolson–Ross–Weir (NRW) methods. Meanwhile, an effective medium ratio (EMR) measured at 11.51 to 2.896 GHz specified the goodness of the metamaterial unit cell for satellite communication with higher bandwidth and gain. The simulated, circuit model and measured results that were compared for validation purposes indicated that the simulation results, the equivalent circuit model results and measured results occupied each other. Moreover, the numerical simulation of the double dumbbell-shaped metamaterial unit cell was performed using a High-Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) to confirm the results. To evaluate the parametric study, the proposed unit cell was subjected to change different substrate types, change of split gap of rings, change of direction of electromagnetic field propagation, and structural optimization. In conclusion, the S, X and Ku-bands in the proposed metamaterial are competent for satellite communications as they are also investigated using an array of a unit cell.

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A Miniaturized Reconfigurable CRLH Leaky-Wave Antenna Using Complementary Split-Ring Resonators

Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering ◽

10.1155/2018/6839028 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Damiano Patron ◽

Yuqiao Liu ◽

Kapil R. Dandekar

Keyword(s):

Split Ring Resonator ◽

Ring Resonators ◽

Leaky Wave ◽

Split Ring ◽

Complementary Split Ring Resonator ◽

Leaky Wave Antenna ◽

Wave Antenna ◽

Varactor Diodes ◽

Unit Cells ◽

Pcb Manufacturing

Composite Right-/Left-Handed (CRLH) Leaky-Wave Antennas (LWAs) are a class of radiating elements characterized by an electronically steerable radiation pattern. The design is comprised of a cascade of CRLH unit cells populated with varactor diodes. By varying the voltage across the varactor diodes, the antenna can steer its directional beam from broadside to backward and forward end-fire directions. In this paper, we discuss the design and experimental analysis of a miniaturized CRLH Leaky-Wave Antenna for the 2.4 GHz WiFi band. The miniaturization is achieved by etching Complementary Split-Ring Resonator (CSRR) underneath each CRLH unit cell. As opposed to the conventional LWA designs, we take advantage of a LWA layout that does not require thin interdigital capacitors; thus we significantly reduce the PCB manufacturing constraints required to achieve size reduction. The experimental results were compared with a nonminiaturized prototype in order to evaluate the differences in impedance and radiation characteristics. The proposed antenna is a significant achievement because it will enable CRLH LWAs to be a viable technology not only for wireless access points, but also potentially for mobile devices.

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Isolation Enhancement between Indoor Repeater Antennas with Chip Resistor Embedded FSS

International Journal of Antennas and Propagation ◽

10.1155/2012/307616 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Jae-Yeong Lee ◽

Byeongkwan Kim ◽

Myun-Joo Park ◽

Byungje Lee

Keyword(s):

Ground Plane ◽

Frequency Selective Surface ◽

Unit Cell ◽

Cross Polarization ◽

Quarter Wavelength ◽

Unit Cells ◽

Side Walls ◽

Frequency Selective ◽

The Cross

The isolation enhancement between the donor antenna and the service antenna for indoor repeater systems is presented by using a frequency-selective surface (FSS). A unit cell of the proposed FSS consists of a quarter-wavelength resonator, a chip resistor, an FR4 substrate, and a ground plane. Applying the unit cells of the proposed FSS embedded a chip resistor on the side walls of each reflector for indoor WCDMA repeater antennas and aligning them along with the cross-polarization of each antenna, the isolation is improved by about 13 dB at the WCDMA band.

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