scholarly journals Advanced Biofuels Based on Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis for Applications in Diesel Engines

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3077
Author(s):  
Jan Jenčík ◽  
Vladimír Hönig ◽  
Michal Obergruber ◽  
Jiří Hájek ◽  
Aleš Vráblík ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cetane Number ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Fuel Composition ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Distillation Curve ◽  
Fischer Tropsch ◽  
Advanced Fuel ◽  
Blended Fuel ◽  
Composition Ratios ◽  
Diesel Production

This paper focuses on the evaluation of the fuel properties of Fischer–Tropsch diesel blends with conventional diesel. Incorporating this advanced fuel into conventional diesel production will enable the use of waste materials and non-food materials as resources, while contributing to a reduction in dependence on crude oil. To evaluate the suitability of using Fischer–Tropsch diesel, cetane number, cetane index, CFPP, density, flash point, heat of combustion, lubricity, viscosity, distillation curve, and fuel composition ratios using multidimensional GC × GC-TOFMS for different blends were measured. It was found that the fuel properties of the blended fuel are comparable to conventional diesel and even outperform conventional fuel in some parameters. All measurements were performed according to current standards, thus ensuring the repeatability of measurements for other research groups or the private sector.

Characterization of Fuel Composition and Altitude Impact on Gaseous and Particle Emissions From a Turbojet Engine

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tak W. Chan ◽  
Pervez Canteenwalla ◽  
Wajid A. Chishty
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Nox Reduction ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Jet Fuel ◽  
Jet Fuels ◽  
Fuel Composition ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Particle Emissions ◽  
Turbojet Engine

The effects of altitude and fuel composition on gaseous and particle emissions from a turbojet engine were investigated as part of the National Jet Fuels Combustion Program (NJFCP) effort. Two conventional petroleum based jet fuels (a “nominal” and a “worst-case” jet fuel) and two test fuels with unique characteristics were selected for this study. The “worst-case” conventional jet fuel with high flash point and viscosity resulted in reduced combustion efficiency supported by the reduced CO2 emissions and corresponding increased CO and THC emissions. In addition, increased particle number (PN), particle mass (PM), and black carbon (BC) emissions were observed. Operating the engine on a bimodal fuel, composed of heavily branched C12 and C16 iso-paraffinic hydrocarbons with an extremely low cetane number did not significantly impact the engine performance or gaseous emissions but significantly reduced PN, PM, and BC emissions when compared to other fuels. The higher aromatic content and lower hydrogen content in the C-5 fuel were observed to increase PN, PM, and BC emissions. It is also evident that the type of aromatic hydrocarbons has a large impact on BC emissions. Reduction in combustion efficiency resulted in reduced CO2 emissions and increased CO and THC emissions from this engine with increasing altitudes. PN emissions were moderately influenced by altitude but PM and BC emissions were significantly reduced with increasing altitude. The reduced BC emissions with increasing altitude could be a result of reduced combustion temperature which lowered the rate of pyrolysis for BC formation, which is supported by the NOx reduction trend.

scholarly journals Emissions and In-Cylinder Combustion Characteristics of Fischer-Tropsch and Conventional Diesel Fuels in a Modern CI Engine

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander G. Sappok ◽  
Jeremy T. Llaniguez ◽  
Joseph Acar ◽  
Victor W. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Fischer Tropsch ◽  
Diesel Fuels ◽  
Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel ◽  
Low Sulfur ◽  
Detailed Chemical

Derived from natural gas, coal, and even biomass Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) diesel fuels have a number of very desirable properties. The potential for emissions reduction with F-T diesel fuels in laboratory engine tests and on-road vehicle tests is well documented. While a number of chemical and physical characteristics of F-T fuels have been attributed to the observed reduction in emissions, the actual effects of both the fuel properties and in-cylinder combustion characteristics in modern diesel engines are still not well understood. In this study a 2002, six-cylinder, 5.9 liter, Cummins ISB 300 diesel engine, outfitted with an in-cylinder pressure transducer. was subjected to a subset of the Euro III 13-mode test cycle under steady-state operating conditions. Emissions and in-cylinder pressure measurements were conducted for neat F-T diesel, low sulfur diesel (LSD), ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD), and a blend of FT/LSD. In addition, a detailed chemical analysis of the fuels was carried out. The differences in the measured combustion characteristics and fuel properties were compared to the emissions variations between the fuels studied, and an explanation for the observed emissions behavior of the fuels was developed.

scholarly journals Investigation of diesel-ethanol blended fuel properties with palm methyl ester as co-solvent and blends enhancer

2016 ◽  
Vol 90 ◽  
pp. 01080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norhidayah Mat Taib ◽  
Mohd Radzi Abu Mansor ◽  
Wan Mohd Faizal Wan Mahmood ◽  
Fais Ahmad Shah ◽  
Nik Rosli Nik Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Blended Fuel ◽  
Palm Methyl Ester

scholarly journals Review on the Relationship Between Liquid Aerospace Fuel Composition and Their Physicochemical Properties

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Wang ◽  
Tinghao Jia ◽  
Lun Pan ◽  
Qing Liu ◽  
Yunming Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Hydrocarbon Fuels ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Fuel Composition

AbstractThe development of advanced air transportation has raised new demands for high-performance liquid hydrocarbon fuels. However, the measurement of fuel properties is time-consuming, cost-intensive, and limited to the operating conditions. The physicochemical properties of aerospace fuels are directly influenced by chemical composition. Thus, a thorough investigation should be conducted on the inherent relationship between fuel properties and composition for the design and synthesis of high-grade fuels and the prediction of fuel properties in the future. This work summarized the effects of fuel composition and hydrocarbon molecular structure on the fuel physicochemical properties, including density, net heat of combustion (NHOC), low-temperature fluidity (viscosity and freezing point), flash point, and thermal-oxidative stability. Several correlations and predictions of fuel properties from chemical composition were reviewed. Additionally, we correlated the fuel properties with hydrogen/carbon molar ratios (nH/C) and molecular weight (M). The results from the least-square method implicate that the coupling of H/C molar ratio and M is suitable for the estimation of density, NHOC, viscosity and effectiveness for the design, manufacture, and evaluation of aviation hydrocarbon fuels.

Utilization of greenhouse gas carbon dioxide for cleaner Fischer-Tropsch diesel production

2019 ◽  
Vol 228 ◽  
pp. 1013-1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shashank Bahri ◽  
Anna Maria Venezia ◽  
Sreedevi Upadhyayula
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Fischer Tropsch ◽  
Diesel Production

Predicted Qualitative Effects of Alternate Liquid Fuels on Heavy-Duty Compression-Ignition Engines

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
End Effects ◽  
Compression Ignition Engines ◽  
The Impact

It is always desirable for a heavy-duty compression-ignition engine, such as a diesel engine, to possess a capability of using alternate liquid fuels without significant hardware modification to the engine baseline. Because fuel properties vary between various types of liquid fuels, it is important to understand the impact and effects of the fuel properties on engine operating and output parameters. This paper intends and attempts to achieve that understanding and to predict the qualitative effects by studying analytically and qualitatively how a heavy-duty compression-ignition engine would respond to the variation of fuel properties. The fuel properties considered in this paper mainly include the fuel density, compressibility, heating value, viscosity, cetane number, and distillation temperature range. The qualitative direct and end effects of the fuel properties on engine bulk fuel injection, in-cylinder combustion, and outputs are analyzed and predicted. Understanding these effects can be useful in analyzing and designing a compression-ignition engine for using alternate liquid fuels.

Modeling Fuel Effects in a Diesel Engine Using Multi-Component Fuel Surrogates in CFD

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karthik V. Puduppakkam ◽  
Chitralkumar V. Naik ◽  
Ellen Meeks
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Cfd Simulations ◽  
Fuel Property ◽  
Oak Ridge ◽  
Engine Combustion ◽  
Fuel Effects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fuel Surrogates

A continued challenge to engine combustion simulation is predicting the impact of fuel-composition variability on performance and emissions. Diesel fuel properties, such as cetane number, aromatic content and volatility, significantly impact combustion phasing and emissions. Capturing such fuel property effects is critical to predictive engine combustion modeling. In this work, we focus on accurately modeling diesel fuel effects on combustion and emissions. Engine modeling is performed with 3D CFD using multi-component fuel models, and detailed chemical kinetics. Diesel FACE fuels (Fuels for Advanced Combustion Engines) have been considered in this study as representative of street fuel variability. The CFD modeling simulates experiments performed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) [1] using the diesel FACE fuels in a light-duty single-cylinder direct-injection engine. These ORNL experiments evaluated fuel effects on combustion phasing and emissions. The actual FACE fuels are used directly in engine experiments while surrogate-fuel blends that are tailored to represent the FACE fuels are used in the modeling. The 3D CFD simulations include spray dynamics and turbulent mixing. We first establish a methodology to define a model fuel that captures diesel fuel property effects. Such a model should be practically useful in terms of acceptable computational turnaround time in engine CFD simulations, even as we use sophisticated fuel surrogates and detailed chemistry. Towards these goals, multi-component fuel surrogates have been developed for several FACE fuels, where the associated kinetics mechanisms are available in a model-fuels database. A surrogate blending technique has been employed to generate the multi-component surrogates, so that they match selected FACE fuel properties such as cetane number, chemical classes such as aromatics content, T50 and T90 distillation points, lower heating value and H/C molar ratio. Starting from a well validated comprehensive gas-phase chemistry, an automated method has been used for extracting a reduced chemistry that satisfies desired accuracy and is reasonable for use in CFD. Results show the level of modeling necessary to capture fuel-property trends under these widely varying engine conditions.

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