scholarly journals Experimental and Numerical Study on a Non-Explosive Reactive Armour with the Rubber Interlayer Applied against Kinetic-Energy Penetrators—The ‘Bulging Effect’ Analysis

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3334
Author(s):  
Teresa Fras
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Effect Analysis ◽  
Protection Mechanism ◽  
Rubber Layer ◽  
Ballistic Test ◽  
Long Rod ◽  
Insight Into

The study concerns a protection system applied against kinetic-energy penetrators (KEPs) composed of steel plates sandwiching a rubber layer. Laminated steel-elastomer armours represent non-explosive reactive (NERA) armours that take advantage of a so-called ‘bulging effect’ to mitigate KEP projectiles. Upon an impact, the side steel plates deform together with the deforming rubber interlayer. Their sudden deformation (bulging) in opposite directions disturbs long and slender KEP projectiles, causing their fragmentation. The presented discussion is based on the experimental investigation, confirming that the long-rod projectiles tend to fracture into several pieces due to the armour perforation. A numerical simulation accompanies the ballistic test providing an insight into the threat/target interactions. The presented experimental–numerical study explains the principles of the analysed protection mechanism and proves the efficiency of the materials composition making up the laminated non-reactive protection system.

scholarly journals Effect of Cover Plate on the Ballistic Performance of Ceramic Armor

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Miao Sun ◽  
Wuxiong Cao ◽  
Diqi Hu ◽  
Nana Zhang ◽  
Runqiang Chi
Keyword(s):  
Plate Thickness ◽  
Cover Plate ◽  
Ballistic Performance ◽  
Transition Velocity ◽  
Free Mode ◽  
Long Rod ◽  
Lower Limits ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Velocity Region ◽  
Cover Plates

The interface defeat and dwell can effectively improve the ballistic performance of ceramic armors under high velocity impact of long rod projectiles. Confinement conditions along both axial and radial directions of ceramic armors can affect these behaviors. With the aim of giving an insight into the effect of cover plate thickness and connection mode of cover plates with confining tubes on these behaviors, numerical simulations were performed in which the confined silicon carbide (SiC) targets with cover plates were impacted by tungsten rods. The pressure on the surfaces of SiC targets with fixed cover plates are compared to that with free cover plates, showing that the plates fixed with the confining tubes can produce higher pressure by way of wedging. With the increase in cover plate thickness, the dwell duration of the tungsten rods on the ceramic interface gradually grows. In addition, the upper and lower limits of transition impact velocities for the SiC targets with cover plates in different connection modes (i.e., free or fixed) were obtained and analyzed. The results show that the increase rate of the transition velocity region for the cover plate with the fixed-mode is relatively stable and lower than with the free-mode. On this basis, the fixed cover plate contributes higher ballistic performances to the SiC target than the free cover plate. It is also noteworthy that the size of transition velocity region does not enlarge linearly with the increase in cover plate thickness due to the slow growth of the upper limit. Accordingly, thickness thresholds exist, which are 5 mm and 6 mm for the fixed and free cover plates, respectively. Considering the ballistic performance and economy, the cover plate with the thickness ranging from 3 mm to 5 mm, i.e., 1.5~2.5 times of the tungsten rod diameter, is ideal for the structural dimensions in this paper.

scholarly journals Budgets of Turbulent Kinetic Energy and Reynolds Normal Stresses in Coaxial Jets with and Without Swirl: A Numerical Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 32-42
Author(s):  
Pravin Ananta Kadua ◽  
Yasuhiko Sakaib ◽  
Yasumasa Itob ◽  
Koji Iwanob ◽  
Masatoshi Suginob ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Turbulent Kinetic Energy ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Normal Stresses ◽  
Coaxial Jets

scholarly journals Numerical study on the structural response of blast-loaded thin aluminium and steel plates

2017 ◽  
Vol 99 ◽  
pp. 131-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Aune ◽  
G. Valsamos ◽  
F. Casadei ◽  
M. Larcher ◽  
M. Langseth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Study ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Steel Plates

The Child’s Guardian – Listening and Giving Weight to Children’s Views

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen James ◽  
David Lane
Keyword(s):  
Child Protection ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Review Panel ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
The Family ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Children’S Views ◽  
Meaningful Relationships ◽  
Insight Into

Both the child protection and public child law systems assume a child-centred approach is at the heart of their work with children. That assumption is based on what are considered child-centred principles, which are enshrined in legislation in England and Wales in the Children Act 1989, mainly the principle of paramountcy of the child’s welfare in Section 1(1) and the principle of no delay in Section 1(2), in relation to the completion of proceedings ( hm Government, 1989). However, comprehensive reviews of both the child protection system (Munro, 2011) and the family justice system (Family Justice Review Panel, 2011), along with research findings (Cappleman et al., 2013) present a picture that challenges this assumption. Increasingly, the focus on the child’s life and welfare is hampered by a lack of time and resources available to professionals such as Guardians to enable them establish a meaningful and trusting relationship with the child in order to gain insight into and an understanding of the child’s world from the child’s perspective. The child appears to be very much on the periphery of a system that lacks real connectedness with the child and their view of their situation and circumstances. Such a level of connectedness can only be achieved by providing children with space and time to develop trust in and meaningful relationships with those whose duty it is to represent their true wishes and feelings and give due weight to the child’s perspective.

scholarly journals An Experimental and Numerical Study on the Flexural Performance of Over-Reinforced Concrete Beam Strengthening with Bolted-Compression Steel Plates: Part II

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shatha Alasadi ◽  
Zainah Ibrahim ◽  
Payam Shafigh ◽  
Ahad Javanmardi ◽  
Karim Nouri
Keyword(s):  
Failure Modes ◽  
Steel Plate ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Plate Thickness ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Failure Characteristics ◽  
Control Beam ◽  
Concrete Failure

This study presents an experimental investigation and finite element modelling (FEM) of the behavior of over-reinforced simply-supported beams developed under compression with a bolt-compression steel plate (BCSP) system. This study aims to avoid brittle failure in the compression zone by improving the strength, strain, and energy absorption (EA) of the over-reinforced beam. The experimental program consists of a control beam (CB) and three BCSP beams. With a fixed steel plate length of 1100 mm, the thicknesses of the steel plates vary at the top section. The adopted plate thicknesses were 6 mm, 10 mm, and 15 mm, denoted as BCSP-6, BCSP-10, and BCSP-15, respectively. The bolt arrangement was used to implement the bonding behavior between the concrete and the steel plate when casting. These plates were tested under flexural-static loading (four-point bending). The load-deflection and EA of the beams were determined experimentally. It was observed that the load capacity of the BCSP beams was improved by an increase in plate thickness. The increase in load capacity ranged from 73.7% to 149% of the load capacity of the control beam. The EA was improved up to about 247.5% in comparison with the control beam. There was also an improvement in the crack patterns and failure modes. It was concluded that the developed system has a great effect on the parameters studied. Moreover, the prediction of the concrete failure characteristics by the FE models, using the ABAQUS software package, was comparable with the values determined via the experimental procedures. Hence, the FE models were proven to accurately predict the concrete failure characteristics.

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