scholarly journals Assessment of the Different Type of Materials Used for Removing Phosphorus from Wastewater

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4371
Author(s):  
Claudiu Cepan ◽  
Adina-Elena Segneanu ◽  
Oana Grad ◽  
Maria Mihailescu ◽  
Melinda Cepan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Magnetic Semiconductors ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Phosphorus Adsorption ◽  
Processing Cost ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Materials Used

Reducing the costs associated with water management, improving water quality and the environment are fundamental requirements of sustainable development. Maintaining the optimal level of phosphorus has a direct impact on water quality and the biological system. Current methods used in tertiary wastewater treatment for phosphorus removal present several disadvantages that influence the final water processing cost. Therefore, it is essential for water quality and food safety to develop ecological, cheap and highly efficient materials. This study reported the first comparative assessment of three different types of materials (magnetic, semiconductors and composite) as environmentally friendly, cheap adsorbents for phosphorus removal from wastewater. Several experiments were done to investigate the influence of adsorbent type, dosage and contact time on the efficiency of the processes. The adsorption process was fast and equilibrium was reached within 150 min. We found that the phosphorus adsorption efficiency on of these materials was higher than the chemical method. The obtained results indicated that specific surface area directly influences the performance of the adsorption process. EDS analysis was used to analyze adsorbents composition and analyze the type and content of elements in the substrate before and after reaction with wastewater.

scholarly journals Dewatered alum sludge: a potential adsorbent for phosphorus removal

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 207-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Yang ◽  
D. Tomlinson ◽  
S. Kennedy ◽  
Y.Q . Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Phosphorus Adsorption ◽  
Langmuir Adsorption ◽  
Adsorption Capacities ◽  
Alum Sludge ◽  
Best Fit

Alum sludge refers to the by-product from the processing of drinking water in water treatment works. In this study, groups of batch experiments were designed to identify the characteristics of dewatered alum sludge for phosphorus adsorption. Air-dried alum sludge (moisture content 10.2%), which was collected from a water treatment works in Dublin, was subjected to artificial P-rich wastewater adsorption tests using KH2PO4 as a model P source. Adsorption behaviours were investigated as a function of amount and particle size of alum sludge, pH of solution and adsorption time. The results have shown that pH plays a major role not only in the adsorption process but also in the adsorption capacity. With regard to adsorption capacity, this study reveals the Langmuir adsorption isotherm being the best fit with experimental data (R2=0.98–0.99). The maximum adsorption capacities range from 0.7 to 3.5 mg-P/g when the pH of the synthetic P solution was varied from 9.0 to 4.3, accordingly. The outcome of this study indicated that alum sludge is suitable for use as an adsorbent for removal of phosphate from wastewater.

Behavior of Phosphorus Adsorption from Aqueous Solutions on Modified Activated Alumina

2010 ◽  
Vol 152-153 ◽  
pp. 945-949
Author(s):  
Chun Sheng Ding ◽  
Ying Long Zou ◽  
Fang Ming Ni ◽  
Qian Fen Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Langmuir Adsorption Isotherm ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Activated Alumina ◽  
Phosphorus Adsorption ◽  
Langmuir Adsorption ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Monolayer Adsorption ◽  
Adsorption Data

In the study, activated alumina was modified by calcium chloride, and after modification the phosphorus removal from aqueous solution increased by 13% or so. Then the activated alumina with and without treatment were subjected to characterization by the methods of the BET and SEM, and the adsorption characteristics of modified activated alumina were further studied at different contact time, pH values, adsorbent dosage levels and initial phosphorus concentration. Moreover, the equilibrium adsorption data for phosphorus were better fitted to Langmuir adsorption isotherm, and it means that the uptake of phosphorus preferably followed the monolayer adsorption process.

A study by response surface methodology (RSM) on optimization of phosphorus adsorption with nano spherical calcium carbonate derived from waste

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 188-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuo Deng ◽  
Yinguang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Logistic Growth ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Phosphorus Adsorption ◽  
Initial Ph

Abstract A nano spherical CaCO3 (NSC) derived from solid waste (precipitated from tris(α-chloropropyl) phosphate and triethyl phosphate mixed wastewater) was prepared as adsorbent for phosphorus removal from aqueous solution. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to develop an approach for the evaluation of phosphorus adsorption process, and Box-Behnken design was performed to investigate the effects of various experimental parameters (temperature, contact time, initial pH and dosage of absorbent) on phosphorus adsorption. The model results of experimental data gave a high correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.9658), and a predictive model of quadratic polynomial regression equation and optimum level values were established successfully. It was found that the adsorption efficiency and adsorption capacity reached 97.05% and 123.79 mg/g, respectively, under conditions of temperature of 45 °C, initial pH 5.3, contact time of 11 h, and absorbent amount of 392 mg/L. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis testified new phase, Ca10(PO4)6CO3, was produced in the adsorption process. Apart from that, adsorption behavior fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm model and logistic growth model. The thermodynamic study indicated that phosphorus removal by NSC as adsorbent was a spontaneous, endothermic, and mainly chemical adsorption process.

Deformation Replication

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 280-281
Author(s):  
J. Temple Black
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Rake Face ◽  
Orthogonal Machining ◽  
Aluminum Chips ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Glass Knife ◽  
Very High

Tool materials used in ultramicrotomy are glass, developed by Latta and Hartmann (1) and diamond, introduced by Fernandez-Moran (2). While diamonds produce more good sections per knife edge than glass, they are expensive; require careful mounting and handling; and are time consuming to clean before and after usage, purchase from vendors (3-6 months waiting time), and regrind. Glass offers an easily accessible, inexpensive material ($0.04 per knife) with very high compressive strength (3) that can be employed in microtomy of metals (4) as well as biological materials. When the orthogonal machining process is being studied, glass offers additional advantages. Sections of metal or plastic can be dried down on the rake face, coated with Au-Pd, and examined directly in the SEM with no additional handling (5). Figure 1 shows aluminum chips microtomed with a 75° glass knife at a cutting speed of 1 mm/sec with a depth of cut of 1000 Å lying on the rake face of the knife.

Sorption of Bisphenol A in Aqueous Solutions on Irradiated and as-Grown Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 1233-1239
Author(s):  
Raluca Madalina Senin ◽  
Ion Ion ◽  
Ovidiu Oprea ◽  
Rusandica Stoica ◽  
Rodica Ganea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Sorption Process ◽  
Multiwalled Carbon ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Kinetic Sorption

In this study, non-irradiated and weathered multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) obtained through irradiation, were studied as adsorbents for BPA, both nanomaterials being characterized before and after the adsorption process. The objectives of our investigation were to compare the characteristics of non-irradiated and irradiated MWCNTs, to evaluate the adsorption capacity of BPA by pristine and irradiated MWCNTs and to determine the variation of the kinetic, sorption and thermodynamic parameters during sorption process using both sorbents.

EVALUATION OF TRIBOTECHNICAL PROPERTIES OF THE COATING OBTAINED BY ELECTRIC SPARK HARDENING

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (141) ◽  
pp. 157-163
Author(s):  
IL’YA ROMANOV ◽  
◽  
ROMAN ZADOROZHNIY
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Reference Sample ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Tribotechnical Properties ◽  
Uncoated Surface ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Friction Track

When applying coatings using various methods on the surfaces of moving parts that work in joints, it is important to make sure that the coatings are strong and wear-resistant in order to return them to their original resource. All existing hardening technologies and materials used to perform coatings have their own characteristics, therefore, the quality of the resulting coatings can be judged only after specific tests. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in evaluating the properties of the coating obtained by the method of electric spark hardening, and its ability to resist friction and mechanical wear. (Materials and methods) Authors conducted tests on the basis of the "Nano-Center" center for collective use. A coating was applied on the BIG-4M unit with a VK-8 hard alloy electrode, tribological properties were evaluated on a CSM Instruments TRB-S-DE-0000 tribometer, the width of the friction track was measured after the test using an inverted OLYMPUS gx51 optical microscope, and samples were weighed before and after the test on a VLR-200 analytical balance. Conducted research in accordance with GOST 23.224-86 and RD 50-662-88 guidelines. (Results and discussion) The article presents performed tests on the run-in and wear resistance of the coating. The samples were worked on with a step-by-step increase in the load. During the tests, the friction force was drawed on the diagram. Authors compared the results with the reference sample, an uncoated surface. (Conclusions) The resulting coating has better run-in and wear resistance compared to the standard, and the increase in wear resistance in dry friction conditions is very significant.

scholarly journals Quality assessment of gas produced from different types of biomass pellets in gasification process

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 406-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Mikeska ◽  
Jan Najser ◽  
Václav Peer ◽  
Jaroslav Frantík ◽  
Jan Kielar
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Combustion Gas ◽  
Gas Cleaning ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cleaning Technology

Gas from the gasification of pellets made from renewable sources of energy or from lower-quality fuels often contains a number of pollutants. This may cause technical difficulties during the gas use in internal combustion gas engines used for energy and heat cogeneration. Therefore, an adequate system of gas cleaning must be selected. In line with such requirements, this paper focuses on the characterization and comparison of gases produced from different types of biomass during gasification. The biomass tested was wood, straw, and hay pellets. The paper gives a detailed description and evaluation of the measurements from a fix-bed gasifier for the properties of the produced gases, raw fuels, tar composition, and its particle content before and after the cleaning process. The results of elemental composition, net calorific value, moisture, and ash content show that the cleaned gases are suitable for internal combustion engine-based cogeneration systems, but unsuitable for gas turbines, where a different cleaning technology would be needed.

scholarly journals Biopolymeric Materials Used as Nonviral Vectors: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-109
Author(s):  
Jailson de Araújo Santos ◽  
Daniel Barbosa Liarte ◽  
Alessandra Braga Ribeiro ◽  
Marcia dos Santos Rizzo ◽  
Marcília Pinheiro da Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Gene Transfection ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Nonviral Vectors ◽  
Cationic Polymers ◽  
Genetic Trait ◽  
Low Diversity ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Materials Used

Bacterial transformation and gene transfection can be understood as being the results of introducing specific genetic material into cells, resulting in gene expression, and adding a new genetic trait to the host cell. Many studies have been carried out to investigate different types of lipids and cationic polymers as promising nonviral vectors for DNA transfer. The present study aimed to carry out a systematic review on the use of biopolymeric materials as nonviral vectors. The methodology was carried out based on searches of scientific articles and applications for patents published or deposited from 2006 to 2020 in different databases for patents (EPO, USPTO, and INPI) and articles (Scopus, Web of Science, and Scielo). The results showed that there are some deposits of patents regarding the use of chitosan as a gene carrier. The 16 analyzed articles allowed us to infer that the use of biopolymers as nonviral vectors is limited due to the low diversity of biopolymers used for these purposes. It was also observed that the use of different materials as nonviral vectors is based on chemical structure modifications of the material, mainly by the addition of cationic groups. Thus, the use of biopolymers as nonviral vectors is still limited to only a few polysaccharide types, emphasizing the need for further studies involving the use of different biopolymers in processes of gene transfer.

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