Obtention and Characterization of Ferrous Chloride FeCl2·4H2O from Water Pickling Liquors

As a hazardous waste, water pickling liquors must be properly treated. An alternative consists of promoting the formation of ferrous salts from this residue due to their higher ferrous content. Since FeCl2·4H2O is widely used in several applications, obtaining pure crystals of this material appears to be an interesting prospect. However, this compound has scarcely been investigated. In the present work, FeCl2·4H2O crystals were obtained from water pickling liquors. Their structural and morphological characteristics were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy as well as Mössbauer spectroscopy. In addition, the photoluminescence study of the obtained samples was also assessed. It was observed that after some aging time, the obtained crystals changed in colour from green to more yellowish. As such, the aged sample was also evaluated, and their structural characteristics were compared with the original crystals. Despite this, the obtained crystals exhibit a FeCl2·4H2O structure, which is not modified with the aging of the sample.

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Obtention and Characterization of Ferrous Chloride FeCl2·4H2O from Pickling Waste Liquors

10.20944/preprints202107.0466.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lorena Alcaraz ◽

Belén Sotillo ◽

José F. Marco ◽

Francisco J. Alguacil ◽

Paloma Fernández ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Structural Characteristics ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Aged Sample ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Ferrous Chloride ◽

Photoluminescence Study ◽

X Ray ◽

Scanning Electron

As a hazardous waste, pickling waste liquor must be properly treated. An alternative consists in promoting the formation of ferrous salts from this residue, due to its higher ferrous content. Since FeCl2·4H2O is widely used in several applications, obtaining pure crystals of this material appears to be an interesting prospect. However, this compound has scarcely been investigated. In the present work, FeCl2·4H2O crystals have been obtained from pickling waste liquors. Their structural and morphological characteristics have been investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy as well as Mössbauer spectroscopy. In addition, the photoluminescence study of the obtained samples was also assessed. It was observed that after some aging time, the obtained crystals change in colour from green to more yellowish. So, the aged sample has also been evaluated, and their structural characteristics are compared with the original crystals. Despite this, the obtained crystals exhibit a FeCl2·4H2O structure, which is not modified with the aging of the sample.

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EFFECT OF TiO2 NANOPARTICLES ON THE MECHANICAL AND ANTICORROSIVE PROPERTIES OF Zn-Ni COMPOSITE COATINGS

Acta Metallurgica Slovaca ◽

10.12776/ams.v25i2.1268 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 107

Author(s):

Nadjette Belhamra ◽

Abd Raouf Boulebtina ◽

Okba Belahssen

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Structural Characteristics ◽

Steel Substrate ◽

Composite Coatings ◽

Film Surface ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Scanning Electron ◽

Mild Steel Substrate

In this paper, we are interested in the study of electrochemical, morphological and structural characteristics of the properties of the deposits of Zn-Ni-TiO2 obtained by electrodeposition on the mild steel substrate in a bath of sulfate. The principal aim is to improve the coatings with better properties, by incorporation of titanium oxide, which is a hard compound, chemically stable and irreducible. The characterization of the coatings was carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and by X-ray diffraction. The morphology of the film surface varies with the concentration of oxide titanium and it was found higher values of microhardness. Electrochemical characterization of the composites had been carried out through potentiodynamic polarization. The results showed that better corrosion resistance with the incorporation of oxide titanium.

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Preparation and Characterization of Bi4Si3O12 Powders by Templates-Hydrothermal Method

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.239-242.2149 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 239-242 ◽

pp. 2149-2152

Author(s):

Qing Ju Ning ◽

Bang Qing Wang ◽

Su Hang Gu ◽

Fang Fang Guo

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Salt Content ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Molten Salt Method ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Size Of Particles ◽

Transmission Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron

Bi4Si3O12powders are prepared by template -hydrothermal used Bi4Si3O12as a template made by molten-salt method. The phase composition and morphological characteristics of BSO nanoparticles were analyzed and observed by X-ray diffraction and transmission scanning electron microscopy. The results show that with the salt content of 50wt%, calcination temperature 770°C, it can form a high purity Bi4Si3O12template. A single Bi4Si3O12phase can be obtained by template –hydrothermal, with template addition 30wt%, the reaction temperature 240°C, holding time for 24h, and prolonging the reaction time is conducive to Bi4Si3O12grain growth. The powders have a good dispersion, and size of particles is about 10μm or so, and show a columnar shape.

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The Use of Advanced Analytical Techniques for Characterization of the Chemical, Physical, and Crystallographic Nature of a Surface

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100071107 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 31 ◽

pp. 132-133 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R. E. Herfert

Keyword(s):

Surface Characterization ◽

Analytical Techniques ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Depth Of Penetration ◽

X Ray ◽

The Past ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Scanning Electron

Studies of the nature of a surface, either metallic or nonmetallic, in the past, have been limited to the instrumentation available for these measurements. In the past, optical microscopy, replica transmission electron microscopy, electron or X-ray diffraction and optical or X-ray spectroscopy have provided the means of surface characterization. Actually, some of these techniques are not purely surface; the depth of penetration may be a few thousands of an inch. Within the last five years, instrumentation has been made available which now makes it practical for use to study the outer few 100A of layers and characterize it completely from a chemical, physical, and crystallographic standpoint. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) provides a means of viewing the surface of a material in situ to magnifications as high as 250,000X.

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Preliminary Preparation and Characterization Studies of Cellulose from Merbau (Intsia bijuga)

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.620.314 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 620 ◽

pp. 314-319

Author(s):

Nur Amira Mamat Razali ◽

Fauziah Abdul Aziz ◽

Saadah Abdul Rahman

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Alkaline Treatment ◽

Raw Material ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Preliminary Preparation ◽

Characterization Studies ◽

Scanning Electron

Hardwood is wood from angiosperm trees. The characteristic of hardwood include flowers, endosperm within seeds and the production of fruits that contain the seeds. This paper aims to discuss the preparation and characterization of cellulose obtained from hardwood. The hardwood Merbau (Intsia bijuga) was chosen as raw material in this study. Alkaline treatment and delignification methods were used for the preparation of cellulose. Acid hydrolysis was employed to produce cellulose nanocrystal (CNC). The treated and untreated samples were characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The final product, from both trated and untreated samples were then compared.

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Hydrothermal Synthesis and Characterization of BiFeO3 Polyhedral Crystallites

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.174-177.508 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 174-177 ◽

pp. 508-511

Author(s):

Lin Lin Yang ◽

Yong Gang Wang ◽

Yu Jiang Wang ◽

Xiao Feng Wang

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽

Synthesis And Characterization ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Xrd Pattern ◽

X Ray ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Scanning Electron

BiFeO3 polyhedrons had been successfully synthesized via a hydrothermal method. The as-prepared products were characterized by power X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The possible mechanisms for the formation of BiFeO3 polyhedrons were discussed. Though comparison experiments, it was found that the kind of precursor played a key role on the morphology control of BiFeO3 crystals.

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Characterization of hydrofluoric acid treated Y–Ba–Cu–O oxides

Journal of Materials Research ◽

10.1557/jmr.1989.1320 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 4 (6) ◽

pp. 1320-1325 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Q. X. Jia ◽

W. A. Anderson

Keyword(s):

Hydrofluoric Acid ◽

Electron Spectroscopy ◽

Auger Electron ◽

Surface Passivation ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Zero Resistance ◽

Reaction With Water ◽

Scanning Electron

Effects of hydrofluoric acid (HF) treatment on the properties of Y–Ba–Cu–O oxides were investigated. No obvious etching of bulk Y–Ba–Cu–O and no degradation of zero resistance temperature were observed even though the oxides were placed into 49% HF solution for up to 20 h. Surface passivation of Y–Ba–Cu–O due to HF immersion was verified by subsequent immersion of Y–Ba–Cu–O in water. A thin layer of amorphous fluoride formed on the surface of the Y–Ba–Cu–O during HF treatment, which limited further reaction between Y–Ba–Cu–O and HF, and later reaction with water. Thin film Y–Ba–Cu–O was passivated by HF vapors and showed no degradation in Tc-zero after 30 min immersion in water. The properties of the surface layer of Y–Ba–Cu–O oxide after HF treatment are reported from Auger electron spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy studies.

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Automated morphometrical characterization of material phases of fired clay bricks based on Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy and Powder X-ray Diffraction

Construction and Building Materials ◽

10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.122909 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 288 ◽

pp. 122909

Author(s):

Thomas Buchner ◽

Thomas Kiefer ◽

Wolfgang Gaggl ◽

Luis Zelaya-Lainez ◽

Josef Füssl

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Energy Dispersive ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Clay Bricks ◽

Scanning Electron

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Isolation and characterization of lignocellulosic fiber from jute bast by the organic solvent degumming system: an alkali-free method

Textile Research Journal ◽

10.1177/00405175211015496 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 004051752110154

Author(s):

Zhihui Qin ◽

Shuyuan Zhao ◽

Liu Liu ◽

Zhaohe Shi ◽

Longdi Cheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

National Standards ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

High Concentration ◽

X Ray ◽

Lignocellulosic Fibers ◽

Lignocellulosic Fiber ◽

Isolation And Characterization ◽

Alkali Consumption ◽

Scanning Electron

Degumming is the dominant method for insolating lignocellulosic fibers in textile applications. Traditional alkaline degumming (TAL), as a common method, requires a high-concentration alkali and has been a severe challenge to the environment. In the research reported here, the possibility of innovative jute degumming by organic solvents 1-2 propylene glycol and a combination of additive green oxygen (GO-OS) was studied. The results revealed that fibers could be extracted by this system (under condition of 0.9% GO-OS, 180°C, 120 min), and obtained fibers with higher breaking tenacity (7.1 cN/dtex), yield (65.7%), breaking elongation (2.87%) and residual gum (11.7%), which all meet the requirement of the relevant Chinese Textile National Standards. Notably, the required reaction time (120 min) of the GO-OS system was 180 min shorter than that of the TAL method. Furthermore, the modifications introduced by the degumming effect on physicochemical aspects were characterized and confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. This study provides a promising degumming method for separating jute lignocellulose without acid and alkali consumption.

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