scholarly journals Simple Method for Apples’ Bruise Area Prediction

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Monika Słupska ◽  
Ewa Syguła ◽  
Piotr Komarnicki ◽  
Wiesław Szulczewski ◽  
Roman Stopa
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Models ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Free Fall ◽  
Drop Height ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Quick Method ◽  
Collective Models ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
The Given

From the producers’ point of view, there is no universal and quick method to predict bruise area when dropping an apple from a certain height onto a certain type of substrate. In this study the authors presented a very simple method to estimate bruise volume based on drop height and substrate material. Three varieties of apples were selected for the study: Idared, Golden Delicious, and Jonagold. Their weight, turgor, moisture, and sugar content were measured to determine morphological differences. In the next step, fruit bruise volumes were determined after a free fall test from a height of 10 to 150 mm in 10 mm increments. Based on the results of the research, linear regression models were performed to predict bruise volume on the basis of the drop height and type of substrate on which the fruit was dropped. Wood and concrete represented the stiffest substrates and it was expected that wood would respond more subtly during the free fall test. Meanwhile, wood appeared to react almost identically to concrete. Corrugated cardboard minimized bruising at the lowest discharge heights, but as the drop height increased, the cardboard degraded and the apple bruising level reached the results as for wood and concrete. Contrary to cardboard, the foam protected apples from bruising up to a drop height of 50 mm and absorbed kinetic energy up to the highest drop heights. Idared proved to be the most resistant to damage, while Golden Delicious was medium and Jonagold was least resistant to damage. Numerical models are a practical tool to quickly estimate bruise volume with an accuracy of about 75% for collective models (including all cultivars dropped on each of the given substrate) and 93% for separate models (including single cultivar dropped on each of the given substrate).

Comparison of the mechanical fatigue indices of Golden Delicious apples and Packham pears

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 3479-3492
Author(s):  
Csaba Farkas ◽  
László Fenyvesi ◽  
Károly Petróczki
Keyword(s):  
Dissipated Energy ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
Apple Production ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Given

One of the most significant phenomena in the processing of horticultural crops, leading to the damaging of the fruit, is fatigue due to repeated mechanical stress, which endangers the integrity of the produce, especially during transport. In the event of such damages, the immediate environment of the damaged fruit, or even the entire batch of crops may be in danger, as the biological processes leading to spoilage are not limited to the individual crop damaged. In the case of repeated effects, a force less than the static limit value is sufficient to cause spoilage, but in addition to the load, the material properties of the given crop, as well as the energy balance observed during damage play important roles in determining the mechanical resistance. Accordingly, in our work, a description of the spoilage process is built on the material models most characteristic of the selected crops, on the dissipated energy indicators measured during repeated loads, and on the definition and determination of the spoilage time. In the experiments, the fatigue indices of Golden Delicious apples, making up most of the apple production of the European Union, and of long shelflife Packham pears are compared by setting up linear regression models.

FAKTOR DETERMINAN PENYALURAN KREDIT BANK PERSERO

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-71
Author(s):  
Wigiyanti Masodah
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Main Activity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Given ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Models

Offering credit is the main activity of a Bank. There are some considerations when a bank offers credit, that includes Interest Rates, Inflation, and NPL. This study aims to find out the impact of Variable Interest Rates, Inflation variables and NPL variables on credit disbursed. The object in this study is state-owned banks. The method of analysis in this study uses multiple linear regression models. The results of the study have shown that Interest Rates and NPL gave some negative impacts on the given credit. Meanwhile, Inflation variable does not have a significant effect on credit given. Keywords: Interest Rate, Inflation, NPL, offered Credit.

Bilateral open-door cervical expansive laminoplasty with hydroxyapatite spacers and titanium screws

2002 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masakazu Takayasu ◽  
Teruhide Takagi ◽  
Toshihisa Nishizawa ◽  
Koji Osuka ◽  
Takehiko Nakajima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Screw Fixation ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Intraoperative Complications ◽  
Fixation Strength ◽  
Open Door ◽  
Quick Method ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Titanium Screws ◽  
Fine Print

Object. The authors report a simple method for bilateral open-door cervical expansive laminoplasty in which hydroxyapatite (HA) spacers are secured by titanium screws. A biomechanical study was also conducted to confirm the strength of the screw fixation. Methods. A unilateral posterior approach was used to allow preservation of the posterior supporting elements (the posterior tension band) until the laminae were cut at the base. A bilateral open-door expansive laminotomy was then performed in standard fashion. Appropriate-sized HA spacers were selected, held with a specially designed holder, and placed between the split laminae. The screw holes were made in the laminae along the direction of the screw holes in the spacer, and two screws were inserted ventrolaterally to the laminae, resulting in instantaneous fixation. This procedure was performed in 15 patients; clinical results were successful, and there were no significant intraoperative complications. Follow-up radiological studies revealed no evidence of displacement of the spacers or screw backout. The screw artifacts observed on magnetic resonance imaging were minimal, allowing evaluation of the cervical spinal cord. The sagittal alignment of the cervical spine was well preserved. In the biomechanical studies the authors found that the screw fixation was of satisfactory strength, compared with other methods of fixation. Conclusions. Bilateral open-door cervical expansive laminoplasty in which HA spacers are secured by titanium screws is a simple and quick method that yields sufficient fixation strength.

Mapping and monitoring intertidal benthic habitats: a review of techniques and a proposal for a new visual methodology for the European coasts

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 378-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Godet ◽  
Jérôme Fournier ◽  
Nicolas Toupoint ◽  
Frédéric Olivier
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Quick Method ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
Intertidal Habitats ◽  
Global Environmental Changes ◽  
Remote Sensing Methods ◽  
Term Monitoring

Mapping seafloors is a fundamental step for managing and preserving coastal zones. Moreover, in a context of current global environmental changes, new methods allowing long-term monitoring are increasingly required. Various methods have been used to map seafloors, primarily benthic macrofauna and sediment sampling along regular grids or transects, and remote sensing methods. These methods map very different things, do not have the same accuracy levels, and have different costs in time and money. Furthermore, such methods often require the competencies of highly skilled scientists and exclude non-specialists otherwise best placed to perform them. In this paper, we test a method based on Direct Field Observations (‘DFO method’), which can be used by non-specialists, and assess if it is sufficient for mapping and monitoring intertidal habitats. We further compare this method with other conventional ones. The results show that such a simple method is relatively rapid and inexpensive given the results obtained. Moreover, it is particularly suitable for highly fragmented intertidal landscapes where other methods are often very limited. In consequence, in areas such as the European coasts, it can be used by non-specialists, such as protected-area managers, and because it is an inexpensive and quick method long-term monitoring is also possible.

scholarly journals Compost application in integrated and organic fruit cultivation

2012 ◽  
pp. 135-139
Author(s):  
Anita Szabó ◽  
István Gonda ◽  
Inre Vágó
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Apple Variety ◽  
Apple Varieties ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
Compost Application ◽  
One Year ◽  
Organic Fruit

Nowadays the success vegetable and fruit production are unimaginable without regular nutrient management. One of the ways to supply the required nutrients in an environmentally friendly way is the application of composts, which is less widespread so far. Compost doses were applied in biological and integrated apple orchards in cooperation with the Institute of Horticultural Science in the years 2010 and 2011. Different changes were resulted by the compost treatments in the examined parameters in case of both apple varieties (Golden Delicious and Pinova). There is no clear effect of compost on the changes of ash-, total acids, Vitamin C and the sugar content until now, because the improvement of the nutritional indicators takes more time. However significant differences were observed after one year between the apple varieties. Higher ash-, total acids and sugar content were measured in case of the apple variety Pinova, while the measurements showed higher Vitamin C content in case of the variety Golden Delicious.

scholarly journals The Assessment Of Geographical Borders In Economic Research

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 99-123
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Markowska ◽  
Marek Sobolewski
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Hierarchical Relations ◽  
Socio Economic Impact ◽  
Spatial Moving Average ◽  
The Given

The length of common border between two geographical units is frequently used as a basic weight in spatial analysis. The newest methodological propositions such as tests for hierarchical relations (Markowska et. al. 2014; Sokołowski et. al. 2013), regional spatial moving average and new spatial correlation coefficient (Markowska et. al. 2015) are using border lengths. In cited references new methods have been illustrated by analyses for EU NUTS2 regions. It is obvious that borders between regions belonging to different countries have different socio-economic impact than borders between regions lying in the same country. A new simple method for assesment the importance of borders is proposed in the paper. It is based on a chosen macroeconomic variable available at NUTS 2 level (e.g. GDP, infant mortality, Human Development Index). For neighboring regions bigger value is divided by smaller value giving the local importance of the given border. These measures of local border importance can be than average for borders within the same country and for borders for each pair of neighboring countries.

scholarly journals Nutritive value of tomatillo fruit (Physalis ixocarpa Brot.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Ostrzycka ◽  
Marcin Horbowicz ◽  
Włodzimierz Dobrzański ◽  
Leszek S. Jankiewicz ◽  
Jan Borkowski
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Dehydroascorbic Acid ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Ripe Fruit ◽  
Total Sugar Content ◽  
The Given

Tomatillo is widely cultivated in Mexico but is little known in other countries. The chemical composition of fruit from field grown plants was investigated during several vegetative seasons. Tomatillo contained a relatively high percentage of dry matter (7-10%) and extract (6.6-7.4%). Its potassium content was lower than that of tomato growing in the same conditions. The content of iron was higher, and that of other elements was comparable, depending on the conditions during the given year. The total sugar content amounted to 2.8-5.7%, depending on the selected population. The percentage of glucose and fructose decreased during ripening and that of saccharose increased. The content of pectic substances was similar as in tomato but the proportions of particular fractions was different. Tomatillo contained more acids than tomato, and showed an especially high citric and malic acid content. The latter decreased drastically during ripening. The content of oxalic acid was 11-18 mg 100 g<sup>-1</sup> in ripe fruit and up to 54 mg in unripe. The vitamin C content depended on the selected population and amounted to 8-21 mg 100 g<sup>-1</sup>, dehydroascorbic acid prevailing. The content of vitamin PP was 0.8-1.3 mg 100 g<sup>-1</sup>.

A Computer System to Derive Developable Hull Surfaces and Tables of Offsets

1981 ◽  
Vol 18 (03) ◽  
pp. 227-233
Author(s):  
John C. Clements
Keyword(s):  
Computer System ◽  
Tangent Plane ◽  
Cubic Spline ◽  
Ruled Surface ◽  
Spline Functions ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
The Given

The fairbody, chine and sheer lines of a proposed vessel are represented by cubic spline functions. Between each pair of chine lines that ruled surface is generated which has the same tangent plane at all points of each generator or ruling line. A procedure based on the multiconic development of a surface is used to modify the given chine lines to ensure that no ruling lines intersect at a point within the surface. The result is a developable hull surface. A simple method is suggested for fairing the modified chine lines and the steps necessary to generate tables of offsets from ruling-line intercepts are outlined briefly.

Experimental Validation of Existing Numerical Models for the Interaction of Fluid Transients With In-Line Air Pockets

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Alexander ◽  
Pedro J. Lee ◽  
Mark Davidson ◽  
Huan-Feng Duan ◽  
Zhao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Delay ◽  
Wave Speed ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Air Pocket ◽  
Fluid Transients ◽  
Entrapped Air ◽  
Air Pockets ◽  
The Given ◽  
Potential Tool

Entrapped air in pipeline systems can compromise the operation of the system by blocking flow and raising pumping costs. Fluid transients are a potential tool for characterizing entrapped air pockets, and a numerical model which is able to accurately predict transient pressures for a given air volume represents an asset to the diagnostic process. This paper presents a detailed study on our current capability for modeling and predicting the dynamics of an inline air pocket, and is one of a series of articles within a broader context on air pocket dynamics. This paper presents an assessment of the accuracy of the variable wave speed and accumulator models for modeling air pockets. The variable wave speed model was found to be unstable for the given conditions, while the accumulator model is affected by amplitude and time-delay errors. The time-delay error could be partially overcome by combining the two models.

Flying Spiders: Effects of the Dragline Length and the Spider Mass in Free-Fall

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tessa Stevens ◽  
Longhua Zhao ◽  
Ryan Courtney ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Laura Miller
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Physical Mechanism ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Free Fall ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Aerial Dispersal ◽  
Velocity Image ◽  
Robotic Devices ◽  
Dynamics Models

Abstract Many species of spiders move from one location to another using a remarkable aerial dispersal “ballooning”. By ballooning, spiders can reach distances as far as 3200 km and heights of up to 5 km. Though a large number of observations of spider ballooning have been reported, it remains a mysterious phenomenon due to the limited scientific observation of spider ballooning in the field, high uncertainties of the meteorological conditions and insufficient controlled laboratory experiments. Most of the ballooning spiders are spiderlings and spiders under 3 mm in length and 0.2 to 2 mg in mass with a few exceptions of large spiders (over 3 mm in length, over 5 mg in mass). What physical mechanism dominates the three stages of spider ballooning — take-off, flight, and settling? Many factors have been identified to influence the physical mechanism, including a spider’s mass, morphology, posture, the silken dragline properties, and local meteorological conditions (e.g., turbulence level, temperature and humidity). A thorough understanding of the roles of key parameters is not only of ecological significance but also critical to advanced bio-inspired technologies of airborne robotic devices. This work aims to determine how the dragline length and spider mass affect the interaction of the spider-dragline system in the free-fall scenario. Experiments using a thread of different lengths and a sphere of different masses to mimic the spider-dragline were carried out. The first sets of tests focused on the spider-dragline system, rather than the fluid flow. High-speed images of a spider-dragline falling in a closed container of air were recorded with 1500 frames per second at Reynolds numbers of several thousand, based on the spider dragline and the local relative velocity. Image data allow for tracking the vertical velocities and acceleration of the spider-dragline, as well as the drag force acting on the spider-dragline. Terminal velocities in the settling stage are compared with estimates using various fluid dynamics models in previous work. Such results under controlled laboratory conditions are expected to shed lights on the intriguing flow physics of spider ballooning at the settling stage and to inform future experiments and numerical models.

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