scholarly journals Sesquiterpenes and Cyclodepsipeptides from Marine-Derived Fungus Trichoderma longibrachiatum and Their Antagonistic Activities against Soil-Borne Pathogens

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng-Yu Du ◽  
Guang-Lin Ju ◽  
Lin Xiao ◽  
Yuan-Ming Zhou ◽  
Xia Wu
Keyword(s):  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Trichoderma Longibrachiatum ◽  
Soil Borne Pathogens ◽  
Antifungal Potential ◽  
Antagonistic Potential ◽  
Southern Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Better Than

Soil-borne pathogens, including phytopathogenic fungi and root-knot nematodes, could synergistically invade vegetable roots and result in serious economic losses. The genus of Trichoderma has been proven to be a promising reservoir of biocontrol agents in agriculture. In this study, the search for antagonistic metabolites from a marine-derived fungus, Trichoderma longibrachiatum, obtained two structural series of sesquiterpenes 1–6 and cyclodepsipeptides 7–9. Notably, the novel 1 was a rare norsesquiterpene characterized by an unprecedented tricyclic-6/5/5-[4.3.1.01,6]-decane skeleton. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses, while the absolute configuration of novel 1 was determined by the comparison of experimental and calculated ECD spectra. The novel 1 and known 2 and 3 showed significant antifungal activities against Colletotrichum lagrnarium with MIC values of 8, 16, and 16 μg/mL respectively, even better than those of the commonly used synthetic fungicide carbendazim with 32 μg/mL. They also exhibited antifungal potential against carbendazim-resistant Botrytis cinerea. Cyclodepsipeptides 7–9 showed moderate nematicidal activities against the southern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita). This study constitutes the first report on the antagonistic effects of metabolites from T. Longibrachiatum against soil-borne pathogens, also highlighting the integrated antagonistic potential of marine-derived T. Longibrachiatum as a biocontrol agent.

Antagonistic potential of Paenibacillus elgii HOA73 against the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita

Nematology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 991-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Hoa Nguyen ◽  
Kyaw Wai Naing ◽  
Young Seong Lee ◽  
Woo Jin Jung ◽  
Muhammad Anees ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Stage Juvenile ◽  
Antagonistic Potential ◽  
Shoot Weight

This study was conducted to evaluate the nematicidal potential of Paenibacillus elgii strain HOA73 against the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. The novel strain HOA73 (GenBank accession number JQ12069) produced hydrolytic enzymes including gelatinase and chitinase. Exposure of M. incognita to various concentrations (10-30%) of the bacterial culture filtrate (BCF) or 0.05-0.4 mg ml−1 of the crude enzymes produced by P. elgii HOA73 significantly reduced hatch of the second-stage juvenile (J2) and caused substantial mortality under in vitro conditions. The hatch inhibition and J2 mortality rate was enhanced with the increase in the concentration of BCF and the crude enzymes. Similarly, the antagonistic effects also increased significantly over the time for which the treatments were given. Moreover, the crude enzymes partially destroyed cuticle layers of eggs and juveniles at 0.4 mg ml−1 concentration. Furthermore, the pot experiment indicated that addition of HOA73 culture into potted soil significantly reduced the root galling, number of egg masses and nematode population by 62.1%, 69.8% and 53.0%, respectively, as compared to the control at 7 weeks after M. incognita infestation. HOA73 inoculation also promoted tomato plant fresh shoot weight by 17.9% as compared to control. Hence, the present results demonstrated the ability of P. elgii HOA73 as a potential biocontrol candidate against the root-knot nematode as well as a plant growth promoter for tomato.

scholarly journals Categorization of Orthologous Gene Clusters in 92 Ascomycota Genomes Reveals Functions Important for Phytopathogenicity

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 337
Author(s):  
Daniel Peterson ◽  
Tang Li ◽  
Ana M. Calvo ◽  
Yanbin Yin
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Genomics ◽  
Orthologous Gene ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Secreted Proteins ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Signal Peptides ◽  
Comparative Genomics Analysis

Phytopathogenic Ascomycota are responsible for substantial economic losses each year, destroying valuable crops. The present study aims to provide new insights into phytopathogenicity in Ascomycota from a comparative genomic perspective. This has been achieved by categorizing orthologous gene groups (orthogroups) from 68 phytopathogenic and 24 non-phytopathogenic Ascomycota genomes into three classes: Core, (pathogen or non-pathogen) group-specific, and genome-specific accessory orthogroups. We found that (i) ~20% orthogroups are group-specific and accessory in the 92 Ascomycota genomes, (ii) phytopathogenicity is not phylogenetically determined, (iii) group-specific orthogroups have more enriched functional terms than accessory orthogroups and this trend is particularly evident in phytopathogenic fungi, (iv) secreted proteins with signal peptides and horizontal gene transfers (HGTs) are the two functional terms that show the highest occurrence and significance in group-specific orthogroups, (v) a number of other functional terms are also identified to have higher significance and occurrence in group-specific orthogroups. Overall, our comparative genomics analysis determined positive enrichment existing between orthogroup classes and revealed a prediction of what genomic characteristics make an Ascomycete phytopathogenic. We conclude that genes shared by multiple phytopathogenic genomes are more important for phytopathogenicity than those that are unique in each genome.

A Set-theoretic Approach to Reasoning Services for the Description Logic 𝒟 ℒ D 4,×

2020 ◽  
Vol 176 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 349-384
Author(s):  
Domenico Cantone ◽  
Marianna Nicolosi-Asmundo ◽  
Daniele Francesco Santamaria
Keyword(s):  
Description Logic ◽  
Description Logics ◽  
Theoretic Approach ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Data Types ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Rule Languages ◽  
Tableau System ◽  
High Scalability ◽  
Better Than

In this paper we consider the most common TBox and ABox reasoning services for the description logic 𝒟ℒ〈4LQSR,x〉(D) ( 𝒟 ℒ D 4,× , for short) and prove their decidability via a reduction to the satisfiability problem for the set-theoretic fragment 4LQSR. 𝒟 ℒ D 4,× is a very expressive description logic. It combines the high scalability and efficiency of rule languages such as the SemanticWeb Rule Language (SWRL) with the expressivity of description logics. In fact, among other features, it supports Boolean operations on concepts and roles, role constructs such as the product of concepts and role chains on the left-hand side of inclusion axioms, role properties such as transitivity, symmetry, reflexivity, and irreflexivity, and data types. We further provide a KE-tableau-based procedure that allows one to reason on the main TBox and ABox reasoning tasks for the description logic 𝒟 ℒ D 4,× . Our algorithm is based on a variant of the KE-tableau system for sets of universally quantified clauses, where the KE-elimination rule is generalized in such a way as to incorporate the γ-rule. The novel system, called KEγ-tableau, turns out to be an improvement of the system introduced in [1] and of standard first-order KE-tableaux [2]. Suitable benchmark test sets executed on C++ implementations of the three mentioned systems show that in several cases the performances of the KEγ-tableau-based reasoner are up to about 400% better than the ones of the other two systems.

scholarly journals Sex Differences in Spatial Activity and Anxiety Levels in the COVID-19 Pandemic from Evolutionary Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1110
Author(s):  
Olga Semenova ◽  
Julia Apalkova ◽  
Marina Butovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
General Level ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Health Attitudes ◽  
Spatial Activity ◽  
Sexual Specialization ◽  
The Face ◽  
Novel Virus ◽  
Virus Spreading

Despite the enforced lockdown regime in late March 2020 in Russia, the phenomenon of the continued virus spreading highlighted the importance of studies investigating the range of biosocial attributes and spectrum of individual motivations underlying the permanent presence of the substantial level of spatial activity. For this matter, we conducted a set of surveys between March and June 2020 (N = 492). We found that an individual’s health attitude is the most consistent factor explaining mobility differences. However, our data suggested that wariness largely determines adequate health attitudes; hence, a higher level of wariness indirectly reduced individual mobility. Comparative analysis revealed the critical biosocial differences between the two sexes, potentially rooted in the human evolutionary past. Females were predisposed to express more wariness in the face of new environmental risks; therefore, they minimize their mobility and outdoor contacts. In contrast to them, the general level of spatial activity reported by males was significantly higher. Wariness in the males’ sample was less associated with the novel virus threat, but to a great extent, it was predicted by the potential economic losses variable. These findings correspond to the evolutionary predictions of sexual specialization and the division of family roles.

A CC-NBS-LRR type gene GHNTR1 confers resistance to southern root-knot nematode in Nicotiana.benthamiana and Nicotiana.tabacum

2015 ◽  
Vol 142 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baolong Zhang ◽  
Yuwen Yang ◽  
Jinyan Wang ◽  
Xitie Ling ◽  
Zhongze Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Type Gene ◽  
Southern Root Knot Nematode

scholarly journals Design of a Novel Six-Axis Wrist Force Sensor

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 3120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanshan Hu ◽  
Huaiyang Wang ◽  
Yong Wang ◽  
Zhengshi Liu
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Force Sensor ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Body Design ◽  
Design Idea ◽  
Bridge Circuits ◽  
Design Ideas ◽  
Better Than

A novel elastic body design idea of six-axis wrist force sensor with a floating beam was raised based on the analysis of the robot six-axis wrist force sensor with a floating beam. The design ideas improve the sensor’s dynamic performance significantly, while not reducing its sensitivity. First, the design ideas were described in detail, which were analyzed by mechanical modeling and were verified by finite element analysis. Second, the static simulation analysis of the novel elastomer of sensor was carried out. According to the strain distribution performance, the position of the strain gauges pasted and the connection mode of the full-bridge circuits were decided, which can achieve theoretical decoupling. Finally, the comparison between the static and dynamic performance of the novel sensor and the original sensor with floating beams was done. The results show that the static and dynamic performance of the novel six-axis wrist sensor are all better than the original sensor.

SSR mapping and confirmation of the QTL from PI96354 conditioning soybean resistance to southern root-knot nematode

2001 ◽  
Vol 103 (8) ◽  
pp. 1167-1173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Li ◽  
L. Jakkula ◽  
R. S. Hussey ◽  
J. P. Tamulonis ◽  
H. R. Boerma
Keyword(s):  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Soybean Resistance ◽  
Southern Root Knot Nematode

scholarly journals Controlling the southern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita Chitwood) with grafted and resistant pepper varieties

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Mándoki
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
N Gene ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
Resistant Rootstock ◽  
Southern Root Knot Nematode

Newly bred resistant bell pepper varieties and those grafted onto resistant rootstock s were tested in soil severely infested with southern root-knot nematode [Meloidogy11e incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood] in unheated plastic house and compared to varieties on their own roots, in order to evaluate the efficiency of this environmentally friendly control method. 'Cinema F I ' carrying the N gene yielded significantly more than the two susceptible varieties. Varieties grafted onto resistant rootstocks outyielded those on their own roots although to different extent, which was not always significant. At the end of the vegetat ion period the roots of the rootstocks were undamaged and the roots of some resistant varieties were slightly infected. whereas the roots of susceptible varieties were severely damaged. According to our result  . both the use of resistant varieties and grafted plants offer an effective and environmentally safe way of controlling M. incognita.

scholarly journals First Report of the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne hapla Parasitizing Roses in Ethiopia

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (9) ◽  
pp. 1286-1286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beira H. Meressa ◽  
H. Heuer ◽  
H.-W. Dehne ◽  
J. Hallmann
Keyword(s):  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Damage Potential

Meloidogyne hapla is one of the most damaging plant-parasitic nematodes in temperate regions. This nematode has a wide host range with more than 500 plant taxa including roses. In Ethiopia, rose production has developed over the past 10 years to the second most important export market after coffee. Considering the high damage potential of M. hapla, infestation of roses in Ethiopia with this nematode could result in major economic losses. Therefore, awareness of this nematode species is extremely important. During two surveys conducted in August 2011 and April 2012, M. hapla was detected in soil samples from six out of nine rose producing farms located in the districts of Ziway, Holleta, Sebeta, and Menagesha. At infested farms, rose plants appeared stunted and less productive and often showed symptoms of chlorosis and wilting. Identification was based on morphological and morphometrical characters of females, males, and second-stage juveniles, which were all within the range of variability known for this species (4). Shape of juvenile stylet knobs, shape of male head, and perennial pattern of the females with characteristic punctuations between the anus and tail terminus were also typical for M. hapla. The morphological identification was confirmed by sequence analysis of the D2-D3 expansion segment of the 28S rDNA gene following amplification with the primers D2A (5′-ACAAGTACCGTGAGGGAAAGTT-3′) and D3B (5′-TCGGAAGGAACCAGCTACTA-3′) (1). PCR products were purified and sequenced at the Macrogene sequencing facility service (Amsterdam, The Netherlands). Sequences were deposited in GenBank (KJ645427 to 33). The sequences were compared with previously published sequences in NCBI database and showed 96 to 100% sequence similarity with M. hapla accession nos. GQ130139, DQ328685, KF430798, and DQ145641. Unfortunately, comparison of sequences did not provide further information about the origin of this Ethiopian population, if it is native to Ethiopia or was imported with infected plant material. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first record of M. hapla occurring in Ethiopia. M. hapla is known as a serious pest of roses in colder climate regions. In Africa, it was previously reported from Tanzania (3) and South Africa (2). Thus, it appears that this species has now become also established in Ethiopia at higher altitudes (1,400 to 2,100 m above sea level) within the urban hinterland of Addis Ababa. References: (1) Baldwin et al. Mol. Phy. Evol. 8:248, 1887. (2) J. H. O'Bannon. Institute Agri. Res. 29, 1975. (3) E. Onkendi and L. N. Moleleki. Eur. J. Pl. Pathol. 136:1, 2013. (4) A. G. Whitehead. Trans. Zool. Soc. Lon.31:263, 1968.

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