scholarly journals Loading Effect of Chitosan Derivative Nanoparticles on Different Antigens and Their Immunomodulatory Activity on Dendritic Cells

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 536
Author(s):  
Chaojie Xu ◽  
Ronge Xing ◽  
Song Liu ◽  
Yukun Qin ◽  
Kecheng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Encapsulation Efficiency ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Chitosan Derivative ◽  
Encapsulation Rate ◽  
Phosphorylation Level ◽  
Intracellular Proteins ◽  
Loading Effects ◽  
Activate Cell ◽  
Better Than

Drug carrier nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by the polyelectrolyte method, with chitosan sulfate, with different substituents and quaternary ammonium chitosan, including C236-HACC NPs, C36-HACC NPs, and C6-HACC NPs. To evaluate whether the NPs are suitable for loading different antigens, we chose bovine serum albumin (BSA), ovalbumin (OVA), and myoglobin (Mb) as model antigens to investigate the encapsulation effect of the NPs. The characteristics (size, potential, and encapsulation efficiency) of the NPs were measured. Moreover, the NPs with higher encapsulation efficiency were selected for the immunological activity research. The results showed that chitosan derivative NPs with different substitution sites had different loading effects on the three antigens, and the encapsulation rate of BSA and OVA was significantly better than that of Mb. Moreover, the NPs encapsulated with different antigens have different immune stimulating abilities to DCS cells, the immune effect of OVA-coated NPs was significantly better than that of BSA-coated NPs and blank NPs, especially C236-HACC-OVA NPs. Furthermore, we found that C236-HACC-OVA NPs could increase the phosphorylation level of intracellular proteins to activate cell pathways. Therefore, C236-HACC NPs are more suitable for the loading of antigens similar to the OVA structure.

scholarly journals Preparation and Sustained-Release Performance of PLGA Microcapsule Carrier System

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1758
Author(s):  
Shuaikai Ren ◽  
Chunxin Wang ◽  
Liang Guo ◽  
Congcong Xu ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Encapsulation Efficiency ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Carrier System ◽  
Preparation Conditions ◽  
Encapsulation Rate ◽  
Release Drug ◽  
Release Curve

Microcapsules have been widely studied owing to their biocompatibility and potential for application in various areas, particularly drug delivery. However, the size of microcapsules is difficult to control, and the size distribution is very broad via various encapsulation techniques. Therefore, it is necessary to obtain microcapsules with uniform and tailored size for the construction of controlled-release drug carriers. In this study, emulsification and solvent evaporation methods were used to prepare a variety of ovalbumin-loaded poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microcapsules to determine the optimal preparation conditions. The particle size of the PLGA microcapsules prepared using the optimum conditions was approximately 200 nm, which showed good dispersibility with an ovalbumin encapsulation rate of more than 60%. In addition, porous microcapsules with different pore sizes were prepared by adding a varying amount of porogen bovine serum albumin (BSA) to the internal water phase. The release curve showed that the rate of protein release from the microcapsules could be controlled by adjusting the pore size. These findings demonstrated that we could tailor the morphology and structure of microcapsules by regulating the preparation conditions, thus controlling the encapsulation efficiency and the release performance of the microcapsule carrier system. We envision that this controlled-release novel microcapsule carrier system shows great potential for biomedical applications.

Simultaneous Incorporation of 5-Fluorouracil and Leucovorin into Chitosan Nanoparticle as Drug Carrier and Its Characterization

2010 ◽  
Vol 654-656 ◽  
pp. 2265-2268
Author(s):  
Pu Wang Li ◽  
Yi Chao Wang ◽  
Zheng Peng ◽  
Ling Xue Kong
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Strong Interaction ◽  
Encapsulation Efficiency ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticle ◽  
Combined Drugs ◽  
Drug Encapsulation Efficiency ◽  
Interaction Between Drugs

A combined drug loaded system containing two most common anti-cancer drugs 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and leucovorin (LV) was designed and prepared by ion crosslinking technology. The resulted nanoparticles are spherical in shape, and the particle size becomes larger when drug combination are loaded. Efficient drug encapsulation efficiency (EE) and drug loading (LC) are obtained due to the strong interaction between drugs and polymer. The combined drugs are distributed in the particles in amorpholous state which are demonstrated by the XRD results.

2.2–4.6-GHz Active Quasi-Circulator with > 24-dB Transmit–Receive Isolation

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (05) ◽  
pp. 2050077
Author(s):  
Najam Muhammad Amin ◽  
Lianfeng Shen ◽  
Danish Kaleem ◽  
Zhi-Gong Wang ◽  
Keping Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
The Body ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Cmos Process ◽  
Secondary Effects ◽  
Body Effect ◽  
Chip Area ◽  
Common Gate ◽  
Loading Effects ◽  
Better Than

An active quasi-circulator (AQC) integrated circuit is designed and fabricated in a 0.18-[Formula: see text]m CMOS process. The proposed design is based on a parallel combination of a common-source (CS) stage and a combined common-drain (CD) and common-gate (CG) topology. Scattering matrix of the core AQC circuit is derived considering MOSFET’s secondary effects, particularly the body effect as well as output loading effects. Measurements of the quasi-circulator reveal an insertion loss of [Formula: see text] dB between transmitter-to-antenna ports ([Formula: see text]) and of [Formula: see text] dB between antenna-to-receiver ports ([Formula: see text]), within a frequency band of 2.2–4.6 GHz. The isolation between the transmitter and the receiver ports ([Formula: see text]) is better than 24 dB with a maximum value of 29.5[Formula: see text]dB @ 3.6[Formula: see text]GHz. The power dissipation of the proposed AQC is 40[Formula: see text]mW and it covers an active chip area of 0.677[Formula: see text]mm2.

scholarly journals FABRICATION OF BIODEGRADABLE POLYESTER MICROSPHERES BY ELECTROSPRAYING METHODS FOR DRUG CARRIER APPLICATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (5A) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Nguyen Vu Viet Linh
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Encapsulation Efficiency ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Polymer Concentration ◽  
Loading Capacity ◽  
High Molecular Weight Polymer ◽  
Molecular Weight Polymer ◽  
Micro Particles ◽  
Morphology And Structure ◽  
Chain Entanglements

This research investigated the effects of polymer concentration, molecular weight polymer and type of polymer on the morphology of electrosprayed microparticles by Scanning Electron Microscopy. Electrospraying process has been studied to produce nano- and micro- particles for drug carrier application because of high loading capacity and high encapsulation efficiency. Controlling morphology and structure of electrosprayed particles can decide the release of drug from these particles. Particles were hollow and wrinkled semi-spheres as using low polymer concentration while wrinkled spheres as using higher polymer concentration. The electrosprayed particles obtained spherical morphology when the polymer concentration is high enough to generate significant chain entanglements. The results also indicated that high molecular weight polymer could produce spherical microspheres, even with low polymer concentration. The electrospraying process fabricated the microspheres from biodegradable PLA and PCL for drug carrier application. 

SYNTHESIS OF ELECTROSPRAYED CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLES FOR DRUG SUSTAINED RELEASE

Nano LIFE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 02 (01) ◽  
pp. 1250003 ◽  
Author(s):  
DOAN VAN HONG THIEN ◽  
SHENG WEN HSIAO ◽  
MING HUA HO
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Encapsulation Efficiency ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Loading Capacity ◽  
Model Drug ◽  
Size And Morphology ◽  
Two Stages

Chitosan (CS) nanoparticles for drug delivery were fabricated by an electrospraying method. The effects of CS molecular weight on electrospraying were investigated. The size and morphology of CS particles were strongly influenced by CS molecular weight. Besides, CS concentration, electrical field, acetic acid concentration, and solution feeding rate in the electrospraying process were also studied. To evaluate the potential of electrosprayed CS nanoparticles in drug delivery, indomethacin (ID) was used as a model drug, where the encapsulation efficiency, the loading capacity, and the releasing profiles were identified. The CS-ID spherical nanoparticles were fabricated by the electrospraying technique, with the average diameter of 340 nm. Zeta potential of the ID-CS particles indicated that the particles were stable in the suspension. The encapsulation efficiency (EE) and loading capacity (LC) of ID were higher for 150-kDa CS than for 310-kDa CS. The EE of ID in electrosprayed CS particles was higher than that in particles prepared by other methods. The release profiles revealed that there were two stages for releasing and the long-term delivery could be obtained in the second stage. In summary, this research optimized the electrospraying process for the fabrication of CS nanoparticles and demonstrated the potential of electrosprayed CS nanoparticles as a drug carrier.

scholarly journals An Optimized and Well-Characterized Niosome-Based Nanocarrier for Letrozole: A Brand- New Hybrid Therapy for Breast Cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeedeh Ahmadi ◽  
Iman Akbarzadeh ◽  
Mohsen Chiani ◽  
Mahmoud Seraj ◽  
Hassan Noorbazargan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Anticancer Activity ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Breast Cancer Cells ◽  
Encapsulation Efficiency ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Hybrid Therapy ◽  
Induction Of Apoptosis ◽  
Mcf 7

Abstract This study aimed to improve the anticancer activity of letrozole through a niosomal formulation. Optimized niosomal formulation of letrozole was achieved by response surface methodology (RSM). The niosomes were well-characterized by several methods. The anticancer activity and its mechanism were studied in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. The release of the drug from the niosomes was according to the Kors Meyer-Peppa kinetic model. The niosomes were stable with high encapsulation efficiency. Significant higher anticancer activity and more induction of apoptosis were obtained for niosomal letrozole. Results indicated that niosomes could be a promising drug carrier for delivery of letrozole to breast cancer cells.

Improving cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of chitosan-coated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles in macrophages

Nanomedicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (27) ◽  
pp. 2671-2688
Author(s):  
Sofie Van Hees ◽  
Kimberley Elbrink ◽  
Marjorie De Schryver ◽  
Peter Luc Delputte ◽  
Filip Kiekens
Keyword(s):  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Cellular Uptake ◽  
Encapsulation Efficiency ◽  
Glycolic Acid ◽  
Size Class ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Chitosan Derivative ◽  
Valuable Alternative ◽  
Formulation Parameters ◽  
Determining Factor

Aim: This research aims to identify important formulation parameters for the enhancement of nanoparticle (NP) uptake and decreasing the cytotoxicity in macrophages. Materials & methods: Fluorescent poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanocarriers were characterized for size distributions, zeta potential and encapsulation efficiency. Incubation time, size class, PLGA derivative and chitosan derivative were assessed for uptake kinetics and cell viability. Results: The major determining factor for enhancing cellular uptake were chitosan coatings, combined with acid-terminated PLGA and small NP size. Moreover, cytotoxicity was more favorable for small, chitosan glutamate-coated, acid-terminated PLGA NPs compared with its plain chitosan-coated counterparts. Conclusion: Chitosan glutamate has been shown to be a valuable alternative coating material for acid-terminated PLGA NPs to efficiently and safely target macrophages.

Role of Ashwagandha (Withania Somnifera) as Immunomodulator in Coronavirus in a pandemic – A systemic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 1649-1654
Author(s):  
Shweta Dadarao Parwe ◽  
Milind Abhimanyu Nisargandha ◽  
Dipak Tryambak Morey
Keyword(s):  
Withania Somnifera ◽  
Systemic Review ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Clinical Validation ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Defence Mechanism ◽  
Immunomodulatory Action ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Better Than

The novel coronavirus has been transmitted all over the world. Many deaths were occurred due to Coronavirus. The main symptoms are pyrexia, fatigue, and dry cough. Some individual also develops a headache, running nose, congestion, sore throat, shortness of breath. At present, no vaccines or medicines available for the prevention and management of Coronavirus disease. Prevention is better than cure. This verse is famous and all known about it. So now the time has come to used or implement this. Prevention is the only measure to fight against Coronavirus. Ayurveda can offer the best option having preventive as well as curative measures. Many herbs have been mentioned in the Ayurvedic texts, which have immunomodulatory action or works as immunobusting drugs. Ashwagandha is well-known or a far old drug which said in Ayurvedic text as a Rasayan and Immunomodulatory activity. Ashwagandha can be used for the prevention of Coronavirus due to it has property like promoting betterment for health and longevity by an increase defence mechanism. Many kinds of research are conducted on Ashwagandha to prove its immunomodulatory, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, Neuroprotective. Anti-stress properties. We concluded, in Systemic review to know the role of Ashwagandha in the prevention and curing symptoms of Coronavirus its efficacy and mechanism in Coronavirus. Some more research studies should be on COVID -19 for experimental and clinical validation to needed. 

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