scholarly journals Evaluation of the Sleep-Prolonging Effect of Lagenaria vulgaris and Cucurbita pepo Extracts on Pentobarbital-Induced Sleep and Possible Mechanisms of Action

Medicina ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vafa Baradaran Rahimi ◽  
Vahid Askari ◽  
Amineh Tajani ◽  
Azar Hosseini ◽  
Hassan Rakhshandeh
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
L929 Cell ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Sodium Pentobarbital ◽  
Sleeping Time ◽  
Hypnotic Effect ◽  
Neurotoxic Effects ◽  
Lagenaria Vulgaris

Introduction: Sleeplessness is the most common sleep disorder. In this study, the hypnotic effect of macerated (HAME) and soxhlet (HASE) extract of Lagenaria vulgaris (fruit and seed) and Cucurbita pepo (fruit) were studied in mice. Methods: Extracts and fractions were administered intra-peritoneally (i.p.) in mice 30 min before the sodium pentobarbital (30 mg/kg, i.p.). Moreover, the influence of flumazenil or naloxone on the hypnotic effects of the extract and its toxic effects were evaluated. Results: The HAME and HASE of C. pepo prolonged the pentobarbital-induced sleep duration at dose of 200 mg/kg. The HAME of L. vulgaris (fruit) at dose of 200 mg/kg increased the sleeping time. The HAME and HASE of L. vulgaris (seed) increased sleep duration at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg. Besides, flumazenil (2 mg/kg) reversed the effects of both diazepam (P < 0.001 vs. diazepam group), 200 mg/kg of HAME of C. pepo and 50 mg/kg of HAME and HASE of L. vulgaris (seed). All fractions especially ethyl-acetate fraction (EAF) of L. vulgaris (seed) increased the sleep duration. Naloxone reversed the hypnotic effect of HAME and HASE of L. vulgaris (seed). The extracts showed no neurotoxic effects on PC12 and L929 cell lines. Conclusion: The results showed that L. vulgaris (seed and fruit) and C. pepo potentiated pentobarbital hypnosis without toxic influence. The hypnotic effects of L. vulgaris seed was greater than its fruit and C. pepo. The GABA and opioid receptors may play role in the sleep-induction of L. vulgaris seed.

scholarly journals Preliminary Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Brimonidine for General Anesthesia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Chen ◽  
Xiaohui Wang ◽  
Mengrou Shi ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Ting Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Chloral Hydrate ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Sleeping Time ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Hypnotic Effect

Abstract Background:To determine the hypnotic and analgesic effects of brimonidine, and evaluate its efficacy and safety for general anesthesia. Potentiation of pentobarbital sleeping time with brimonidine was observed in mice, as was analgesic activity of brimonidine.Methods:The median effective dose (ED50)and lethal dose (LD50) of intraperitoneally injected brimonidine were determined in hypnotized mice. In addition, LD50 of intravenously injected brimonidine, ED50 of intravenously , intramuscularly and intrarectally injected brimonidine in hypnotized rabbits were determined. The synergistic anesthetic effect of brimonidine and chloral hydrate on rabbits was evaluated. Results:Intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg brimonidine enhanced the hypnotic effect of a threshold dose of pentobarbital. Intraperitoneal injection brimonidine produced dose-related analgesic effects in mice. ED50 of intraperitoneally administered brimonidine in hypnotized mice was 75.7 mg/kg, and LD50 was 379 mg/kg. The ED50 of intravenous, intramuscular and intrarectal brimonidine for hypnosis in rabbits were 5.2 mg/kg, 8.8 mg/kg and 8.7mg/kg, respectively, and LD50 of intravenous brimonidine was 146 mg/kg. Combined intravenous administration of 0.6 mg/kg brimonidine and 0.03 g/kg chloral hydrate had a synergistic anesthetic effects.Conclusions:Brimonidine elicited hypnotic and analgesic effects after systemic administration, and exhibited safety. Brimonidine enhanced the effects of other types of narcotics when combined.

Hydroalcoholic Extract of Cuscuta Epithymum Enhances Pentobarbitalinduced Sleep: Possible Involvement of GABAergic System

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-337
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Forouzanfar ◽  
Mohammad M. Vahedi ◽  
Azita Aghaei ◽  
Hassan Rakhshandeh
Keyword(s):  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Benzodiazepine Receptors ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Rotarod Test ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Pc12 Cell Line ◽  
Sleeping Time ◽  
Water Fraction ◽  
Toxicity Effect ◽  
Ld50 Value

Background: Insomnia is the most common sleep disorder. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the sedative-hypnotic potential of hydroalcoholic extract (HAE) of Cuscuta epithymum and its fractions. Methods: HAE and its fractions including: water fraction (WF), ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) and n-hexan fraction (NHF) were i.p administered to male mice and 30 min later pentobarbital (30 mg/kg, i.p.) was injected to induce sleep. Then the latent period and continuous sleeping time were recorded. Besides, 30 mins after administration of HAE motor coordination (rota-rod test) were assessed. Additionally, LD50 of HAE was determined and the possible neurotoxicity of the extract was tested on neural PC12 cells. Results: The HAE and NHF decreased the latency of sleep and significantly increased the duration of sleep induced by pentobarbital. These effects of C. epithymum were reversed by flumazenil. HAE did not affect the animals’ performance on the rotarod test. The LD50 value for HAE was found to be 4.8 g/kg. HAE and its fractions had no toxicity effect on the viability of PC12-cell line. Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate that the HAE and NHF have significant sedativehypnotic effects in mice without major toxic effect and that the benzodiazepine receptors are involved in the sedative-hypnotic effects of this plant.

Hypnotic Effect of Portulaca oleracea on Pentobarbital-Induced Sleep in Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-203
Author(s):  
Shokouhsadat Hamedi ◽  
Fatemeh Forouzanfar ◽  
Hassan Rakhshandeh ◽  
Amirali Arian
Keyword(s):  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Portulaca Oleracea ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Sedative Drug ◽  
Water Fraction ◽  
Hypnotic Effect ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus

Objective: In Iranian Traditional Medicine, the herbs with cold and wet temperament can help to improve insomnia. Portulaca oleracea has a cold and wet temperament, so the present study was carried out to investigate the sleep-prolonging effect of Portulaca oleracea. Methods: This work was an experimental study on mice which were randomly divided into these groups: saline (control); Diazepam: positive control); hydro-alcoholic extract of Portulaca oleracea (12.5, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/kg) by Soxhlet apparatus and maceration; in the effective (dose25 mg/kg), different fractions of extract were tested. Ethyl acetate fraction (EAF:); N hexane fraction (n-HF); water fraction (WF). All the test compounds were injected intraperitoneally (IP) 30 minutes before pentobarbital administration (30 mg/kg). Duration and latency of pentobarbital-induced sleep were recorded. Also, LD50 of Portulaca oleracea extract was determined and the possible neurotoxicity of the extract was tested on neural PC12 cells. Besides, 30 min after administration of hydroalcoholic extract (HAE) motor coordination (rota-rod test) was assessed. Results: HAE increased the duration of pentobarbital-induced sleep at doses of 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/kg. The hypnotic effect of HAE was comparable to that induced by diazepam. Similarly, WF, EAF, and NHF at 25 mg/kg could increase sleep duration. The sleep latency was decreased by HAE and NHF but not by WF and EAF. The LD50 value for HAE was found to be 4.8 g/Kg. HAE and its fractions did not show neurotoxic effect in cultured PC12-cell line, also HAE did not affect the animals performance on the rotarod test. Conclusion: The present data demonstrated that Portulaca oleracea potentiates sleeping behaviors. The main components responsible for the hypnotic effects of this plant is most likely a non-polar agents which is found in NHF. Isolation of the active constituents may yield a novel sedative drug.

Tolerance of recently hemorrhaged rats to secondary trauma

1959 ◽  
Vol 197 (4) ◽  
pp. 786-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morton D. Pareira ◽  
Kenneth D. Serkes ◽  
Stanley Lang
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Trauma ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Sodium Pentobarbital ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Circulating Blood Volume ◽  
Sleeping Time ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Red Cell Mass ◽  
Dose Levels ◽  
Circulating Volume

The ability of rats to withstand a second hemorrhage 48 hours after the loss of one-half of the circulating volume was diminished from that of the normal control in terms of the absolute amounts which could be withdrawn. In terms of the relative amounts (ml whole blood withdrawn/100 ml total circulating blood volume) which could be withdrawn, the previously hemorrhaged rats showed a tolerance at least that of the controls. The red cell mass at this time was 67% of the control value. No difference in ability to tolerate bilateral hind leg tourniquet trauma was demonstrated between control and hemorrhaged animals at each of two different lengths of tourniquet application (3 1/2 and 4 hr.). Sleeping time determinations at two dose levels demonstrated no difference in tolerance to intraperitoneal sodium pentobarbital between normal and previously bled rats. It is postulated that decreased tolerance to trauma when occurring in association with diminished circulating volume is a function of the type of volume demand made by the trauma and the size of the specific volume compartment available.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Sleep Duration and Perceived Stress: Findings from the 2017 Community Health Survey in Korea

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (17) ◽  
pp. 3208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hwi Jun Kim ◽  
So Yeon Oh ◽  
Jae Hong Joo ◽  
Dong-Woo Choi ◽  
Eun-Cheol Park
Keyword(s):  
Community Health ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Sleeping Time ◽  
Community Health Survey ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Multivariable Regression ◽  
The Relationship

Sleep is exceedingly important for our physical, physiological, psychological, and social health. Currently, few Koreans get the recommended daily amount of sleep. Stress can also have a major impact on our physiological, neurological, and mental health. In this study, we explored the correlation between sleep duration and perceived stress. The study used data from the Community Health Survey (CHS), 2017, which included 133,444 responses from Koreans. Sleeping time and stress were measured by self-diagnosis. The relationship between sleeping time and stress was analyzed using the chi-square test and multivariable regression. Both men and women felt the most stress when they slept for an average of 6 h a day. The results of the subgroup analysis showed that even when they sleep for the same time, younger people felt more stressed than older people. In the group that slept for an average of 6 h a day, women were the most stressed. We observed a correlation between sleeping time and stress in Korean adults. We found that about 16.7% of Koreans were sleeping for less than 5 h. This is less than the 7–9 h of sleep recommended by the National Sleep Foundation (NSF). In addition, stress was found to increase when sleep was insufficient. In particular, it was also observed that young people who slept for less than 8 h felt stressed more easily.

scholarly journals DIFFERENTIAL TOLERANCE OF PUMPKIN SPECIES TO BENTAZON, METRIBUZIN, TRIFLURALIN, AND OXYFLUORFEN

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. NOSRATTI ◽  
S. MAHDAVI-RAD ◽  
H. HEIDARI ◽  
M. SAEIDI
Keyword(s):  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Cucurbita Moschata ◽  
Cucurbita Maxima ◽  
Pot Experiments ◽  
Lagenaria Vulgaris

ABSTRACT Response of pumpkin species including Cucurbita pepo convar. Pepo, Cucurbita moschata Duch, Cucurbita pepo, Cucurbita maxima, and Lagenaria vulgaris to bentazon, trifluralin, metribuzin, and oxyfluorfen was evaluated in Outdoor pot experiments in 2014 and 2015. Different postemergence doses (bentazon and oxyfluorfen) and preplant incorporated (metribuzin and trifluralin) herbicides were evaluted on pumpkin species at various growth stages. Results showed that the sensitivity of pumpkins species to applied herbicide varied greatly among tested species. On overall, dry weights of Cucurbita spp. were reduced by 12.50%, 48.60%, 23%, and 73.13% when pumpkin was treated with trifluralin, metribuzin, bentazon and oxyfluorfen, respectively. Pumpkin crops were not tolerant of metribuzin and oxyfluorfen and plants showed injures. Results indicated that trifluralin and bentazon have the potential for possible application in pumpkin particularly when broadleaf weeds are dominant.

scholarly journals Medicinal Plants for Management of Insomnia: A Systematic Review of Animal and Human Studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e1085
Author(s):  
Faezeh Feizi ◽  
Nazli Namazi ◽  
Roja Rahimi ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Ayati
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Significant Difference

Insomnia is one of the most troubling sleep disorders and can be characterized by an inability to fall asleep and/or inadequate sleep duration and/or waking up multiple times during the night. Herbal medicine has been used to treat a range of sleep disorders for centuries. This study aimed to review medicinal plants investigated experimentally or clinically for sleep disorders, as well as their potential mechanisms of action and active components. Electronic databases and literature were systematically investigated to assess all in vitro and in vivo trials and clinical evidence of the efficacy and potential mechanisms of actions playing major roles in sleep induction or insomnia treatment. Among many herbal studies and trials on insomnia, some showed no significant difference between herbal remedies and placebos. While others showed improvements in sleep parameters (sleep latency, total sleep, non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep duration, delta activity in NREM sleep, wakefulness anxiety-associated insomnia). In this study, in vitro, animal, and clinical studies investigating a variety of herbal treatments for insomnia were systematically reviewed. The mechanisms of action of herbal medicines in treating insomnia are mainly related to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-synthesizing and GABA-metabolizing enzymes that influenced sleep outcomes. Overall, herbal remedies were not associated with more benefits than non-benzodiazepines, although side effects were less. The results suggest that herbs have some benefits in improving the quantity and quality of sleep and could be a promising alternative therapy. [GMJ.2019;8:e1085]

scholarly journals Anxiolytic and hypnotic effects of Cocculus laurifolius leaf extract in mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-53
Author(s):  
Sidra Maqbool ◽  
Ishrat Younus
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Anxiolytic Effect ◽  
Sodium Pentobarbital ◽  
Hypnotic Effect ◽  
Board Test ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Hole Board ◽  
Hole Board Test ◽  
Hypnotic Activity

The present study aims to assess the anxiolytic and hypnotic activity of ethanolic extract of Cocculus laurifolius leaf in mice. Anxiolytic activity was observed using behavioral paradigms while hypnotic activity was assessed by sodium pentobarbital induced hypnosis in mice. Animals were treated with the extract at dose 200 and 400 mg/kg orally for 30 days. Anxiolytic and hypnotic effect were observed on day 1, 7, 15 and 30 of treatment. Significant increase in the number of entries and time spent in open arm were observed in elevated plus maze. Similar results were observed in light/dark, open field and hole board test. The anxiolytic effect was substantially greater at dose 200 mg/kg in comparison to dose 400 mg/kg. Minimal hypnotic activity was observed with decrease in onset and prolongation in duration of sleep at dose 400 mg/kg, while dose 200 mg/kg did not produce any hypnotic effect. These results showed that the ethanolic extract of C. laurifolius leaf might have potential anxiolytic and hypnotic activity in mice.

scholarly journals Effects of Etomidate Given in Repeated Doses

1978 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-341
Author(s):  
A. Spanos ◽  
H. H. Chiu ◽  
C. Y. Tye
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Injection Site ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Epidural Block ◽  
Injection Pain ◽  
Local Inflammation ◽  
Matched Group ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Hypnotic Effect ◽  
Repeated Doses

Fifty fit, female patients were given four consecutive intravenous doses of etomidate 10 mg, so as to maintain sleep, after establishment of epidural block for postpartum sterilization. A matched group was given four doses of thiopentone 125 mg. Cumulative hypnotic effect, as judged by increasing sleep duration with second and subsequent doses, was much less with etomidate than with thiopentone. Etomidate did not depress blood pressure, whereas it fell progressively with successive doses of thiopentone. Injection pain was reported in 68% of patients receiving etomidate, and this tended to increase with successive doses; 12 % also showed local inflammation at the injection site. Tremor, due to etomidate, was common, but did not increase with successive doses. Feelings of sleepiness, lasting several hours after waking, were more common after thiopentone than after etomidate.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document