scholarly journals Differences in Angular Photogrammetric Soft-Tissue Facial Characteristics among Parents and Their Offspring

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
Gordana Lj. Filipović ◽  
Nikola M. Stojanović ◽  
Ivan D. Jovanović ◽  
Pavle J. Randjelović ◽  
Ivan R. Ilić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Facial Soft Tissue ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Facial Profile ◽  
Angular Measurements ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Tissue Characteristics ◽  
Imagej Software ◽  
One Way Anova

Background and objectives: The objective of this study was to determine if the angular photogrammetric analysis of soft-tissue characteristics can determine similarities between parents and their offspring in the Serbian population. Materials and Methods: A total of 15 families (52 participants) met the participation criteria of this study and their facial profile images were analyzed using the ImageJ software. Subjects were divided into groups of mothers and fathers and four groups of children (divided according to their age and gender). In total, twelve angular measurements were made on the standardized digital images of the profiles of the participants and the obtained data were compared using one-way ANOVA. Results: The obtained results showed that there were statistically significant differences in the values of the nasal and cervicomental angles, as well as the angle of the total facial convexity, between the group of fathers, on one side, and groups of male/female children, on the other. Conclusions: This work represents the first photogrammetric analysis of facial soft-tissue characteristics of children and adults in the Serbian population. The data suggest that there are much more similarities between the facial soft-tissue angles of fathers and their male offspring. Furthermore, mothers tend to have statistically insignificant differences in angle sizes, compared to both male and female offspring.

scholarly journals Correlation Assessment between Three-Dimensional Facial Soft Tissue Scan and Lateral Cephalometric Radiography in Orthodontic Diagnosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piero Antonio Zecca ◽  
Rosamaria Fastuca ◽  
Matteo Beretta ◽  
Alberto Caprioglio ◽  
Aldo Macchi
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ethnic Origin ◽  
Facial Soft Tissue ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Tissue Diagnosis ◽  
Angular Measurements ◽  
Sagittal Parameters ◽  
And Gender

Purpose. The aim of the present prospective study was to investigate correlations between 3D facial soft tissue scan and lateral cephalometric radiography measurements.Materials and Methods. The study sample comprised 312 subjects of Caucasian ethnic origin. Exclusion criteria were all the craniofacial anomalies, noticeable asymmetries, and previous or current orthodontic treatment. A cephalometric analysis was developed employing 11 soft tissue landmarks and 14 sagittal and 14 vertical angular measurements corresponding to skeletal cephalometric variables. Cephalometric analyses on lateral cephalometric radiographies were performed for all subjects. The measurements were analysed in terms of their reliability and gender-age specific differences. Then, the soft tissue values were analysed for any correlations with lateral cephalometric radiography variables using Pearson correlation coefficient analysis.Results. Low, medium, and high correlations were found for sagittal and vertical measurements. Sagittal measurements seemed to be more reliable in providing a soft tissue diagnosis than vertical measurements.Conclusions. Sagittal parameters seemed to be more reliable in providing a soft tissue diagnosis similar to lateral cephalometric radiography. Vertical soft tissue measurements meanwhile showed a little less correlation with the corresponding cephalometric values perhaps due to the low reproducibility of cranial base and mandibular landmarks.

scholarly journals Photographic Facial Soft Tissue Analysis by Means of Linear and Angular Measurements in an Adolescent Persian Population

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 346-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahid Moshkelgosha ◽  
Sheida Fathinejad ◽  
Zeinab Pakizeh ◽  
Mohammad Shamsa ◽  
Ali Golkari
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Facial Soft Tissue ◽  
School Students ◽  
Angular Measurements ◽  
Mouth Width ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

Objective : To obtain objective average measurements of the profile and frontal facial soft tissue to be used as a guide for aesthetic treatment goals. Methods and Materials : This observational study included 110 females and 130 males high school students aged 16-18 years. None of the subjects had any facial deformities. All of them and their parents gave consent to take part in this study. In each case, two standard photographs of profile and frontal views were taken 27 landmarks were digitized on photographs. The mean, standard deviation, and range for a total of 43 facial indices were calculated digitally by computer software. The Student’s t-test was used to compare males and females. Results : The ratio between the lower and middle facial thirds was one to one, but the height of the upper facial third was proportionally smaller than the other two-thirds in both sexes. Boys had greater nasal length, depth, and prominence than girls with statistically significant differences. Both upper and lower lips were more prominent in girls than in boys. All measurements of the chin showed sexual dimorphism characterized by greater chin height and prominence and deeper mentolabial sulcus. Boys had greater facial dimensions than girls. Mouth width, nasal base width, and intercanthal distance were significantly greater in boys. Conclusion : The labial, nasal, and chin areas showed sexual dimorphism in most of the parameters used in this study. Boys had larger faces, greater facial heights, longer nasal, labial, and chin lengths, and greater nasal, labial, and chin prominence.

scholarly journals Character Pleasantness in Malaysian Animated Cartoon Characters

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 02004
Author(s):  
Mohd Rosli Arshad ◽  
Kim Hae Yoon ◽  
Ahmad Azaini Manaf
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Creative Industry ◽  
Business Organization ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Animated Cartoon ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Cartoon Characters ◽  
One Way Anova

Current global trends have proved the creative industry to be one of the important sources of economic growth among developed countries. Creativity and its importance for Malaysia have made it imperative for any business organization to use creativity in a range of ways including multimedia content and animation. Malaysian animation viewers are rapidly influenced by digital media entertainment. The rise of such entertainment tends to drive them away from understanding what lies behind it that affect their emotion and thoughts. Therefore, the focus of this paper is to look into the experiences of “pleasantness” in viewer’s emotions that stimulate the perception of pleasure when watching Malaysian animated cartoon characters. A descriptive and One-Way Anova will be implemented in this study to examine the design aesthetics and perception from the animation viewers that affects the psychological experiences in emotions that determines the pleasantness feeling. Overall, the results indicate that perceived pleasantness on Malaysian animated cartoon characters did not differ between age and gender. We believe this finding will benefit the creative content creators and help them to understand more about local animation viewers.

Facial Anthropometry in Cleft Patients: A Historical Appraisal

2001 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 577-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florine Vegter ◽  
J. Joris Hage
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Facial Soft Tissue ◽  
Facial Profile ◽  
Medline Search ◽  
Facial Clefts ◽  
Facial Anthropometry ◽  
Plaster Casts

Objective: To present a historical appraisal of the use of anthropological and cephalometrical facial soft tissue measurements in cleft patients. Design: The McDowell Indexes and a Medline search were used to trace references up to 1999. Also, references listed with chapters and articles on facial clefts were searched for anthropometrical studies. Twenty-six retrieved articles and book chapters on soft tissue anthropometry and 12 cephalometric publications on soft tissue measurements on radiographs and plaster casts of cleft patients were reviewed. Results and Conclusions: Since 1931, the facial soft tissue appearance of cleft patients has been evaluated by means of anthropometric and cephalometric techniques. Not all of the older studies were performed in a statistically correct fashion. Many of the conclusions of the studies overlap despite differences in technique of assessment. Most studies demonstrate the deficient growth of the maxilla and the deformities of the facial profile in cleft patients.

Soft Tissue Thickness Variations of the Nose: A Radiological Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 711-718
Author(s):  
Melekber Çavuş Özkan ◽  
Fatma Yeşil ◽  
İnci Bayramiçli ◽  
Mehmet Bayramiçli
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Soft Tissue Coverage ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Tissue Thickness ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Soft Tissue Envelope ◽  
Soft Tissue Thickness ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Background Soft tissue thickness (STT) is a major factor affecting the outcome in rhinoplasty. However, limited information is found in the literature on the age- and gender-related variations of the nasal STT. Objectives The purpose of this study was to measure STT at various landmarks over the nasal framework and compare the age- and gender-related differences. Methods STT measurements were made at 11 landmarks in 325 patients by employing magnetic resonance imaging. Patients were divided into subgroups to compare the STT differences between female and male and between the age groups as young, middle age, and elderly. Results Soft tissue was thickest at the nasion and thinnest at the rhinion. The soft tissue coverage was significantly thicker in the male population at the supratip, tip, nasal bones, upper lateral cartilages, and alar lobules, whereas it is thicker in females at the rhinion. Average thickness of the soft tissues over the entire nasal framework increases with age except the rhinion. Conclusions The STT is variable over different parts of the osteocartilaginous framework. Gender and age influence the STT. The soft tissue is thicker at the distal half of the nose in male patients, and these areas become gradually thicker with age, whereas the soft tissue over the midvault becomes thinner. Increasing age presents a particular challenge to achieve predictable results in rhinoplasty, and an understanding of the soft tissue envelope allows for improved aesthetic outcome. Level of Evidence 2

Comparison of Two Computer-Animated Imaging Programs for Quantifying Facial Profile Preference

1996 ◽  
Vol 82 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1251-1264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald B. Giddon ◽  
Carla A. Evans ◽  
Debbie Lynn Bernier ◽  
Jason A. Kinchen
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Dental Occlusion ◽  
Facial Appearance ◽  
Facial Morphology ◽  
Mouse Button ◽  
Facial Soft Tissue ◽  
Facial Profile ◽  
Computer Mouse ◽  
Soft Tissue Profile ◽  
User Friendly

To establish the physical basis of subjective judgments of facial appearance, two novel computer-imaging programs differing in method of preparation and presentation of 5 features of the facial soft-tissue profile of 4 faces representing 4 different classifications of dental occlusion were compared. Images of facial soft tissue of 5 features were digitized and “animated” from 16 discrete distortions or morphed from the two extremes of each feature. 12 volunteer judges responded to both the “animated” and morphed presentations by pressing the computer mouse button when the image became acceptable and releasing the button when the image was no longer acceptable. They also pressed the mouse button when the most pleasing distortion appeared from either direction. Aggregating responses to counterbalanced trials and features across judges yielded high correlations between the programs for midpoint of acceptability. Although both programs provide reliable and valid measures of subjective acceptability of present and proposed changes in facial morphology, the new morphing program is more user-friendly than the “animated” method.

scholarly journals Changes in soft tissue facial profile of class II skeletal malocclusion patients with retrognathic mandible treated with twin block appliance

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Ng Hui Lin ◽  
Eky Setiawan Soeria Soemantri ◽  
Gita Gayatri
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Facial Soft Tissue ◽  
Profile Angle ◽  
Facial Profile ◽  
Twin Block ◽  
Skeletal Malocclusion ◽  
Soft Tissue Profile ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Soft Tissue Changes

Introduction: The soft tissue aspect in orthodontics treatment has gained attention in the last few years. The soft tissue profile is said to reflect the underlying skeletal profile, which causes a convex profile in patients with class II skeletal malocclusion. This research was aimed to determine the changes in the soft tissue facial profile of class II skeletal malocclusion patients with retrognathic mandible after twin block treatment. Methods: The type of research used in this study was retrospective descriptive research with paired t-test. The population was children aged 10-13 years old with class II skeletal malocclusion that were treated with twin block appliance in the Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia. The results of soft tissue changes before and after twin block treatment were compared. Results: There was an insignificant increase in soft tissue profile angle and Holdaway’s soft tissue angle after twin block treatment (p > 0.05). Whereas, Holdaway’s H-angle was decreasing and Merrifield’s Z-angle was increasing after twin block treatment, with statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). Conclusion: There was a decrease of H-angle, indicates a reduction in facial convexity and improvement of the facial profile after twin block treatment, but no difference in soft tissue profile angle and Holdaway’s soft tissue angle after twin block treatment. Keywords: Facial soft tissue profile, class II skeletal malocclusion, retrognathic mandible, twin block appliance

scholarly journals Soft Tissue Facial Profile Changes Associated with Incisors Retraction

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 92-99
Author(s):  
Ayman Salman Al-Shakhs ◽  
Hayder Abdallah Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Tissue Response ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Facial Soft Tissue ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Facial Profile ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Profile Changes ◽  
Lower Incisors

Background: The general tendency of facial soft tissue response toward incisors retraction could be expected in various malocclusions. However, different initial malocclusion no doubt leads to differences in this response. Material and method: This retrospective study consisted of thirty-seven pre- and posttreatment lateral cephalographs belongs to adolescent female with mean age of 15.03 years. The twenty-four landmarks (skeletal, dental, soft tissue) were located and horizontal and vertical reference planes were used. Sixteen linear and six angular measurements were evaluated statistically. The pretreatment and posttreatment lateral cephalograms were superimposed on best fit cribriform plate of the ethmoid to analyze soft tissue facial profile changes after orthodontic treatment. Results: The three methods of error indicated that measurements were valid and reliable. The Labrale superius retraction exhibited the best predictability among upper lip components (Sn, Ss), whereas the lower lip showed better predictability and correlation than the upper lip. The upper and the lower lips revealed relatively similar mean retraction value (2.92 mm) and (2.6 mm) although the upper incisors retracted more (5.25 mm) than the lower incisors (2.86 mm). Conclusion: The upper incisors to Labrale superius ratio (1.99:1, UIP:Ls) exhibited the highest correlation (r=0.55**) among the other established ratios. The lower incisors to Labrale inferius ratio was (1.13:1, LIP: Is) with significant correlation (r=0.44**), whereas no significant correlation was observed with Labrale superius (r=0.27).

scholarly journals Reproducibility of Novel Soft-Tissue Landmarks on Three-Dimensional Human Facial Scan Images in Caucasian and Asian

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhouxiao Li ◽  
Riccardo Enzo Giunta ◽  
Konstantin Frank ◽  
Thilo Ludwig Schenck ◽  
Konstantin Christoph Koban
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Full Description ◽  
Surface Imaging ◽  
Facial Soft Tissue ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Facial Region ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Background Three-dimensional surface imaging is established in many disciplines for objective facial acquisition regarding anthropometry. Former studies addressed the validation of landmark-based measurements for single race. In order to distinguish racial difference, the reproducibility of the landmark measurements must first be validated. Objectives Our purpose is to validate the reproducibility of 46 facial soft-tissue landmarks on x, y, z axes to prove their reliability as 3D reference points. Methods The study included 80 European Caucasian and 80 Chinese volunteers. Standardized 3D surface imaging was performed using Vectra 3D system. Two raters identified and defined 46 landmarks (138 coordinates), then repeatedly 3D-imaged volunteers' facial region in separate sessions. Coordinates' reproducibility of landmarks is divided into three categories (< 0.5 mm, < 1 mm, and >1 mm) for intra- and inter-rater reproducibility assessments. Results Coordinates' reproducibility of 160 samples was distributed as follows: Intra-rater: < 0.5 mm (45%), < 1 mm (42%), >1 mm (13%); inter-rater: < 0.5 mm (31.2%), < 1 mm (42%), > 1 mm (26.8%). The reproducibility of landmarks in nasal tip region differs slightly between Caucasians and Asians. Compared to females, males typically have higher landmark reproducibility in lip and chin region. However, there were no differences in the reproducibility ranking of landmarks by gender. Conclusion The majority of the 46 landmarks in the 3D plane are reproducible to 1 mm, which is clinically acceptable. All selected landmarks showed strong consistency across race and gender, suggesting their potential use as reference points in prospective clinical practice. Level of Evidence IV This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.

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