scholarly journals Corneal Sub-Basal Nerve Changes in Patients with Herpetic Keratitis during Acute Phase and after 6 Months

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vilija Danileviciene ◽  
Reda Zemaitiene ◽  
Vilte Marija Gintauskiene ◽  
Irena Nedzelskiene ◽  
Dalia Zaliuniene
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Nerve Fibre ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Herpes Labialis ◽  
Corneal Sensitivity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Corneal Nerve ◽  
Branch Density

Background and objectives: The purpose of this study was to describe corneal sensitivity and the morphological changes of sub-basal corneal nerves using in vivo laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) in herpes simplex virus (HSV) keratitis-affected eyes, and to compare with both contralateral eyes and with the eyes of patients with a previous history of herpes labialis but no history of herpetic eye disease, and with healthy patients with no history of any HSV diseases, during the acute phase of the disease and after six months. Materials and Methods: A prospective clinical study included 269 patients. All of them underwent a complete ophthalmological examination, Cochet-Bonnet aesthesiometry and LSCM within the central 5 mm of the cornea. After six months, all the patients with herpetic eye disease underwent the same examination. Serology tests of the serum to detect HSV 1/2 IgG and IgM were performed. Results: HSV-affected eyes compared with contralateral eyes, herpes labialis and healthy control group eyes demonstrated a significant decrease in corneal sensitivity, corneal nerve fibre density, corneal nerve branch density, corneal nerve fibre length and corneal nerve total branch density (p < 0.05). During follow up after six months, corneal sensitivity and sub-basal nerve parameters had increased but did not reach the parameters of contralateral eyes (p < 0.05). Previous herpes labialis did not influence corneal sensitivity and was not a risk factor for herpetic eye disease. Conclusions: Corneal sensitivity and sub-basal nerve changes in HSV-affected eyes revealed a significant decrease compared with contralateral eyes, and with the eyes of patients with a previous history of herpes labialis, and of healthy controls. Following six months, corneal sensitivity and sub-basal nerve parameters increased; however, they did not reach the parameters of contralateral eyes and the eyes of healthy controls. The best recovery of corneal sensitivity was seen in patients with epithelial keratitis. Herpes labialis was not a risk factor for herpetic eye disease.

scholarly journals Corneal Langerhans Cell And Endothelium Changes In Patients With Herpetic Keratitis During Acute Phase Of The Disease And After 6 Months

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vilija Danileviciene ◽  
Reda Zemaitiene ◽  
Vilte Marija Gintauskiene ◽  
Irena Nedzelskiene ◽  
Dalia Zaliuniene
Keyword(s):  
Cell Density ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Langerhans Cell ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Prospective Clinical Study ◽  
Ophthalmological Examination ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Herpes Labialis ◽  
History Of

Abstract Purpose. To describe corneal morphological changes by evaluating Langerhans cell (LC) and endothelium cell density using in vivo laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) in herpes simplex virus (HSV) keratitis during acute phase of the disease and after 6 months, to compare with contralateral eyes, controls with previous history of herpes labialis and healthy controls. Methods A prospective clinical study included 79 patients with herpetic eye disease, 101 healthy patients with previous history of herpes labialis but no history of herpetic eye disease, and 89 patients with no history of any HSV diseases. All patients underwent a complete ophthalmological examination including LSCM of the central cornea, using the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph III Rostock Cornea Module. After 6 months, the same ophthalmological examination was performed for patients with herpetic eye disease. Serology tests of the serum to detect HSV 1/2 IgG and IgM using Virion Serion ELISA classic kit were performed. Results HSV affected eyes showed an increase in LC density when compared with contralateral eyes, herpes labialis, and healthy control groups (357.9±308.7 vs. 197.1±258.5 vs. 62.9±72.6 vs. 81.7±88.3) (p<0.05). Higher LC density and less density of corneal sub-basal nerve parameters were found (p<0.05). Endothelium density in HSV affected eyes did not differ from the contralateral eyes, but it was lower when comparing with herpes labialis patients and healthy controls (2300.7±530.6 vs. 2343.3±543.7 vs. 2672.9±268.1 vs. 2620.9±347.1) (p<0.05). After 6 months, LC density in HSV affected eyes decreased but did not reach those of healthy controls (p<0.05). Conclusions LSCM reveals a significant increase of LC and decrease of endothelium cell density in HSV affected corneas. The decrease in LC density is a clear, indirect sign of recovery, which can be used in clinical practice.

scholarly journals The Role of C21orf91 in Herpes Simplex Virus Keratitis

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
pp. 753
Author(s):  
Vilija Danileviciene ◽  
Reda Zemaitiene ◽  
Vilte Marija Gintauskiene ◽  
Irena Nedzelskiene ◽  
Dalia Zaliuniene
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Herpetic Keratitis ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Ophthalmological Examination ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
History Of ◽  
Simplex Virus

Background and Objectives: This paper aims to describe the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of C21orf91 rs1062202 and rs10446073 in patients with herpetic keratitis by evaluating corneal sub-basal nerves, as well as the density of Langerhans cells (LC) and endothelium cells (EC) during the acute phase of the disease. Materials and Methods: A prospective clinical study included 260 subjects: 70 with herpetic eye disease, 101 with previous history of herpes labialis—but no history of herpetic eye disease—and 89 with no history of any herpes simplex virus (HSV) diseases. All subjects underwent a complete ophthalmological examination including in vivo laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) of the central cornea. C21orf91 rs1062202 and rs10446073 were genotyped using the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method with the Rotor-Gene Q real-time PCR quantification system. SNPs were determined using TaqMan genotyping assay, according to the manufacturer’s manual. Results: The C21orf91 rs10446073 genotype GT was more frequent in the HSV keratitis group, compared with healthy controls (20.0% vs. 7.9%), OR 2.929[1.11–7.716] (p < 0.05). The rs10446073 genotype TT was more frequent in healthy controls (12.4% vs. 1.4%), OR 22.0[2.344–260.48] (p < 0.05). The rs10446073 genotype GT increased the risk of EC density being less than 2551.5 cell/mm2, OR 2.852[1.248–6.515] (p < 0.05). None of the SNPs and their genotypes influenced the LC density and corneal sub-basal nerve parameters (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Our study reports a new association between herpetic keratitis and human gene C21orf91, with the rs10446073 genotype GT being more common in herpetic keratitis patients and increasing the risk for the disease by a factor of 2.9.

Bilateral morphometric analysis of corneal sub-basal nerve plexus in patients undergoing unilateral cataract surgery: a preliminary in vivo confocal microscopy study

2020 ◽  
pp. bjophthalmol-2019-315449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Giannaccare ◽  
Federico Bernabei ◽  
Marco Pellegrini ◽  
Fabio Guaraldi ◽  
Federica Turchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Nerve Fibre ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Nerve Plexus ◽  
In Vivo Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Corneal Nerve ◽  
Branch Density ◽  
Unilateral Cataract

AimsTo evaluate bilateral morphometric changes of corneal sub-basal nerve plexus (CSNP) occurring after unilateral cataract surgery by in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) images analysed with automated software.MethodsIVCM was performed before (V0) and 1 month after surgery (V1) in both operated eyes (OEs) and unoperated eyes (UEs) of 30 patients. Thirty age and sex-matched subjects acted as controls. Corneal nerve fibre density (CNFD), corneal nerve branch density (CNBD), corneal nerve fibre length (CNFL), corneal nerve total branch density (CTBD), corneal nerve fibre area (CNFA), corneal nerve fibre width, corneal nerve fractal dimension (CNFrD) and dendritic cells density were calculated.ResultsMean CNFD, CNBD, CNFL, CTBD, CNFA and CNFrD significantly decreased at V1 versus V0 in both eyes (respectively, 15.35±7.00 vs 21.21±6.56 n/mm2 in OEs and 20.11±6.69 vs 23.20±7.26 in UEs; 13.57±12.16 vs 26.79±16.91 n/mm2 in OEs and 24.28±14.88 vs 29.76±15.25 in UEs; 9.67±3.44 mm/mm2 vs 13.49±3.42 in OEs and 12.53±3.60 vs 14.02±3.82 in UEs; 22.81±18.77 vs 42.25±24.64 n/mm2 in OEs and 38.06±20.52 vs 43.93±22.27 in UEs; 0.0040±0.0021 vs 0.0058±0.0020 mm2/mm2 in OEs and 0.0049±0.0016 vs 0.0057±0.0019 in UEs; 1.418±0.058 vs 1.470±0.037 in OEs and 1.466±0.040 vs 1.477±0.036 in UEs; always p<0.049).ConclusionPatients undergoing cataract surgery exhibit bilateral alterations of CSNP. This finding could have broad implications in the setting of sequential cataract surgery.

scholarly journals A logistic regression analysis of risk factors in ME/CFS pathogenesis

BMC Neurology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliana M. Lacerda ◽  
Keith Geraghty ◽  
Caroline C. Kingdon ◽  
Luigi Palla ◽  
Luis Nacul
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Family History ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) is a complex disease, whose exact cause remains unclear. A wide range of risk factors has been proposed that helps understanding potential disease pathogenesis. However, there is little consistency for many risk factor associations, thus we undertook an exploratory study of risk factors using data from the UK ME/CFS Biobank participants. We report on risk factor associations in ME/CFS compared with multiple sclerosis participants and healthy controls. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of 269 people with ME/CFS, including 214 with mild/moderate and 55 with severe symptoms, 74 people with multiple sclerosis (MS), and 134 healthy controls, who were recruited from primary and secondary health services. Data were collected from participants using a standardised written questionnaire. Data analyses consisted of univariate and multivariable regression analysis (by levels of proximity to disease onset). Results A history of frequent colds (OR = 8.26, P <= 0.001) and infections (OR = 25.5, P = 0.015) before onset were the strongest factors associated with a higher risk of ME/CFS compared to healthy controls. Being single (OR = 4.41, P <= 0.001), having lower income (OR = 3.71, P <= 0.001), and a family history of anxiety is associated with a higher risk of ME/CFS compared to healthy controls only (OR = 3.77, P < 0.001). History of frequent colds (OR = 6.31, P < 0.001) and infections before disease onset (OR = 5.12, P = 0.005), being single (OR = 3.66, P = 0.003) and having lower income (OR = 3.48, P = 0.001), are associated with a higher risk of ME/CFS than MS. Severe ME/CFS cases were associated with lower age of ME/CFS onset (OR = 0.63, P = 0.022) and a family history of neurological illness (OR = 6.1, P = 0.001). Conclusions Notable differences in risk profiles were found between ME/CFS and healthy controls, ME/CFS and MS, and mild-moderate and severe ME/CFS. However, we found some commensurate overlap in risk associations between all cohorts. The most notable difference between ME/CFS and MS in our study is a history of recent infection prior to disease onset. Even recognising that our results are limited by the choice of factors we selected to investigate, our findings are consistent with the increasing body of evidence that has been published about the potential role of infections in the pathogenesis of ME/CFS, including common colds/flu.

scholarly journals High Prevalence of Sticky Platelet Syndrome in Patients with Infertility and Pregnancy Loss

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eray Yagmur ◽  
Eva Bast ◽  
Anja Susanne Mühlfeld ◽  
Alexander Koch ◽  
Ralf Weiskirchen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Light Transmission ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Adenosine Diphosphate ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Aggregation Response ◽  
History Of

Platelet hyperaggregability, known as sticky platelet syndrome (SPS), is a prothrombotic disorder that has been increasingly associated with pregnancy loss. In this retrospective study, we aimed to investigate the clinical and diagnostic relevance of SPS in 208 patients with infertility and unexplained pregnancy loss history. We studied 208 patients that had been referred to undergo a dose-dependent platelet aggregation response to adenosine diphosphate and epinephrine using light transmission aggregometry modified by Mammen during an 11-year period. Patients’ platelet aggregation response was compared with platelet function in 29 female healthy controls of fertile age with no previous history of pregnancy loss. We found a prevalence of SPS type II (33.2%) in 208 female patients with infertility and pregnancy loss. ∆-epinephrine-induced platelet aggregation in patients with SPS was significantly decreased (median 7% and range −21 to 43%) compared to patients without SPS (median 59%, range 7–88% and p < 0.0001) and healthy controls (median 57%, range 8–106% and p < 0.0001). The optimum SPS-diagnostic cutoff value for ∆-epinephrine aggregation was ≤32% (sensitivity 95.7%, specificity 95.2%). SPS patients with low-dose acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) therapy (n = 56) showed improved pregnancy outcome (32 pregnancies; live births n = 18 (56%)) compared to SPS patients without low-dose ASA (n = 13) (3 pregnancies; live births n = 1 (33%)). Our study demonstrates the clinical and diagnostic relevance of platelet hyperaggregation in women with infertility and pregnancy loss history. Further studies should investigate the potential of SPS as a novel decisional tool with both diagnostic and clinical implications in infertility and pregnancy loss.

C-reactive protein levels are related to suicidality in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S337-S337
Author(s):  
M. Pantovic Stefanovic ◽  
B. Dunjic-Kostic ◽  
M. Lackovic ◽  
A. Damjanovic ◽  
A. Jovanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Course Of Illness ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
History Of ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionImmune alterations are believed to be an important part in etiopathogenesis of affective disorders. However, it is not clear if the altered immune mediators are related to distinct disorders or particular psychopathology.AimsThe aim of our study was to explore the differences in C-reactive protein levels (CRP) between euthymic BD patients and healthy controls, as well as to explore the relationship between CRP and lifetime presented psychopathology within BD.MethodsThe study group consisted of 83 patients diagnosed with BD, compared to the healthy control group (n = 73) and matched according to age, gender, and body mass index (BMI). Lifetime psychopathology has been assessed according to predominant polarity as well as previous history of suicide attempts and psychotic episodes.ResultsThe CRP levels were significantly higher in BD patients when compared to healthy controls. After covarying for confounders, we observed that CRP levels, in euthymic BD patients, were related to number of previous suicide attempts, but not other indicators of lifetime psychopathology.ConclusionsBD patients per se, and particularly those with more suicide attempts, are more likely to present with proinflammatory state, even when in remission. Previous history of suicide attempts could bear specifically vulnerable endophenotype within BD. Systemic, longitudinal monitoring of the course of illness, and potential inflammatory mediators that underlie its systemic nature is warranted.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Corneal Nerve Regeneration after Self-Retained Cryopreserved Amniotic Membrane in Dry Eye Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas John ◽  
Sean Tighe ◽  
Hosam Sheha ◽  
Pedram Hamrah ◽  
Zeina M. Salem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Amniotic Membrane ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Corneal Sensitivity ◽  
Corneal Nerve

Purpose. To evaluate the efficacy of self-retained cryopreserved amniotic membrane (CAM) in promoting corneal nerve regeneration and improving corneal sensitivity in dry eye disease (DED).Methods. In this prospective randomized clinical trial, subjects with DED were randomized to receive CAM (study group) or conventional maximum treatment (control). Changes in signs and symptoms, corneal sensitivity, topography, and in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) were evaluated at baseline, 1 month, and 3 months.Results. Twenty subjects (age 66.9 ± 8.9) were enrolled and 17 completed all follow-up visits. Signs and symptoms were significantly improved in the study group yet remained constant in the control. IVCM showed a significant increase in corneal nerve density in the study group (12,241 ± 5083 μm/mm2at baseline, 16,364 ± 3734 μm/mm2at 1 month, and 18,827 ± 5453 μm/mm2at 3 months,p=0.015) but was unchanged in the control. This improvement was accompanied with a significant increase in corneal sensitivity (3.25 ± 0.6 cm at baseline, 5.2 ± 0.5 cm at 1 month, and 5.6 ± 0.4 cm at 3 months,p<0.001) and corneal topography only in the study group.Conclusions. Self-retained CAM is a promising therapy for corneal nerve regeneration and accelerated recovery of the ocular surface health in patients with DED. The study is registered at clinicaltrials.gov with trial identifier:NCT02764814.

scholarly journals Predictive factors for developing acute cholangitis and cholecystitis in patients undergoing delayed cholecystectomy: a retrospective study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Miyata ◽  
Daisuke Matsui ◽  
Yuta Fujiwara ◽  
Hiroto Saito ◽  
Yoshinao Ohbatake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Surgical Outcomes ◽  
Intraoperative Complications ◽  
Acute Cholangitis ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
History Of ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Abstract Background We evaluated the risk of acute cholangitis and cholecystitis while waiting for cholecystectomy for gallstones. Methods We retrospectively enrolled 168 patients who underwent cholecystectomy for gallstones after a waiting period and conservative therapy between April 2014 and March 2018 at our hospital. We compared the clinical data from 20 patients who developed acute cholangitis and cholecystitis while waiting for cholecystectomy (group A) with data from 148 patients who did not develop cholangitis and cholecystitis (group B). The risk factors for developing acute cholangitis and cholecystitis and all patients' surgical outcomes were investigated. Results Preoperatively, significant differences in age (68.6 years vs 60.7 years; p= 0.004) and the number of patients with a previous history of acute grade II or III cholecystitis (55.0% vs 10.8%; p< 0.001) and biliary drainage (20.0% vs 2.0%; p= 0.004) were observed between group A and group B, respectively. Preoperative white blood cell counts (13500/µL vs 8155/µL; p< 0.001) and serum C-reactive protein levels (12.6 mg/dL vs 5.1 mg/dL; p< 0.001) were significantly increased, and serum albumin levels (3.2 g/dL vs 4.0 g/dL; p< 0.001) were significantly decreased in group A vs group B, respectively. Gallbladder wall thickening (≥ 5 mm) (45.0% vs 18.9%; p= 0.018), incarcerated gallbladder neck stones (55.0% vs 22.3%; p= 0.005), and abscess around the gallbladder (20.0% vs 1.4%; p= 0.002) were seen significantly more frequently during imaging in group A vs group B, respectively. Furthermore, investigating patients' surgical outcomes revealed a higher conversion rate to open surgery (20.0% vs 2.0%; p= 0.004), longer operation time (137 min vs 102 min; p< 0.001), and a higher incidence of intraoperative complications (10.0% vs 0%; p= 0.014) in group A vs group B, respectively. Conclusions Our results suggest that a history of severe cholecystitis is a risk factor for developing acute cholangitis and cholecystitis in patients waiting for surgery, and a risk factor for increased surgical difficulty.

A Study of the Association between Epistaxis and the Severity of Hypertension

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
José F. Lubianca-Neto ◽  
Markus Bredemeier ◽  
Eduardo F. Carvalhal ◽  
Cristina A. Arruda ◽  
Eduardo Estrella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Average Blood Pressure ◽  
History Of

Hypertension (HTN) has frequently been cited as a general risk factor for epistaxis. However, studies dealing with this association have yielded equivocal results. In this study, a sample of 121 hypertensives (blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg) was selected to evaluate the association between the severity of HTN and a previous history of epistaxis. Patients with an average blood pressure ≥ 160/100 mmHg were classified as suffering from a more severe form of HTN and were compared with those with a less severe form of the disease (160/100 mm Hg ≤ blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mm Hg). The frequency of epistaxis did not differ among patients categorized by the severity of HTN. Users of aspirin were found to be twice as likely to have a history of epistaxis. In addition, there was a statistical tendency for an association between a history of epistaxis and the duration of hypertension. We conclude that the severity of HTN and a history of epistaxis were not associated in a cohort of hypertensive patients. The identification of other risk factors for epistaxis, including the duration of HTN, deserves further study.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document