scholarly journals Pregnancy and Childbirth in Uterus Didelphys: A Report of Three Cases

Medicina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 198
Author(s):  
Stanislav Slavchev ◽  
Stoyan Kostov ◽  
Angel Yordanov
Keyword(s):  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽  
Uterus Didelphys ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Mullerian Ducts ◽  
Intrauterine Fetal Growth Restriction

Uterus didelphys is a rare form of congenital anomaly of the Müllerian ducts. The clinical significance of this anomaly of the female reproductive tract is associated with various reproductive issues: increased risk of preterm birth before 37 weeks’ gestation, abnormal fetal presentation, delivery by caesarean section, intrauterine fetal growth restriction, low birth weight less than 2500 g, and perinatal mortality. We present three cases of uterus didelphys and full-term pregnancy, which resulted in favorable birth outcomes of live-born, full-term infants. In two of the cases, delivery was performed via Caesarean section: due to lack of labor activity in one of the cases and lack of response to oxytocin stimulation in the second case. The weight of two of the new-born infants was lower than expected for the gestational age.

scholarly journals Organoids of the female reproductive tract

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cindrilla Chumduri ◽  
Margherita Y. Turco
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Personalised Medicine ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Cellular Heterogeneity ◽  
Dynamic Regulation ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth

AbstractHealthy functioning of the female reproductive tract (FRT) depends on balanced and dynamic regulation by hormones during the menstrual cycle, pregnancy and childbirth. The mucosal epithelial lining of different regions of the FRT—ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix and vagina—facilitates the selective transport of gametes and successful transfer of the zygote to the uterus where it implants and pregnancy takes place. It also prevents pathogen entry. Recent developments in three-dimensional (3D) organoid systems from the FRT now provide crucial experimental models that recapitulate the cellular heterogeneity and physiological, anatomical and functional properties of the organ in vitro. In this review, we summarise the state of the art on organoids generated from different regions of the FRT. We discuss the potential applications of these powerful in vitro models to study normal physiology, fertility, infections, diseases, drug discovery and personalised medicine.

Vaccinations in Infants Born Preterm: An Update

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-155
Author(s):  
Areti Aphrodite Sioriki ◽  
Despoina Gkentzi ◽  
Evangelia Papadimitriou ◽  
Gabriel Dimitriou ◽  
Ageliki Karatza
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Vaccine Safety ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Protective Antibodies

Infants born prematurely (before completion of 37 weeks of gestation) are at increased risk of morbidity and mortality due to vaccine preventable diseases, mostly because of their immunological immaturity and failure of transfer of maternal protective antibodies. Despite their great need of being vaccinated, concerns on vaccine safety and efficacy, constitute the main reasons for which vaccinations are often delayed in this group. In this review we summarize the latest evidence on vaccine safety, efficacy and immunogenicity in preterm infants which is similar to full-term infants. Therefore there is no reason for delaying vaccination in this population.

scholarly journals Evaluation of safety of caesarean myomectomy: A prospective study

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-43
Author(s):  
Nazlima Nargis ◽  
Md Iqbal Karim ◽  
Salma Loverine
Keyword(s):  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
The Body ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cesarean Myomectomy

Background: Uterine myomas are the most common benign tumour of female reproductive tract and the prevalence of myomas in pregnancy has been reported to be 2%to 5% . Myomectomy during cesarean section has traditionally been discouraged due to risk of intractable haemorrhage and fear of hysterectomy. But recently large scaled studies indicated that cesarean myomectomy could be safely performed in majority of cases without any serious or life threatening complications. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was done at Ibn Sina Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh between January 2016 and December 2016. Fifty patients were recruited into the study, 25 patients had undergone myomectomy during cesarean section and 25 patients had undergone only cesarean section. Results: Average value of haemoglobin both pre and post-operatively was 12.31±1.22 g/dl and 10.64±1.51 g/dl for patients who had cesarean section with myomectomy and 11.61±1.3 g/dl and 10.3±1.7 g/dl in the other group in which cesarean section without myomectomy was performed. The difference in average haemoglobin for patients who had a cesarean section and myomectomy was 1.41 while those who had caesarean section alone was 1.32±1.12. This was not significant. The average duration of operation was longer in patient who had cesarean section and myomectomy (54.32±18.06 mins) than those who had caesarean section alone (38.54±8.42mins). The incidence of hemorrhage was5.45±1.23% and 5.23±1.03% respectively and the mean length of postoperative hospitalization was2.42±1.45and 2.17±0.70 days and no hysterectomy was needed in any group. Blood transfusion was given in 6 patients with 3 patients in each group. Sixty eight percent of the fibroids were subserous and in the body of the uterus. Conclusion: Cesarean myomectomy is a safe and effective procedure and does not increase the incidence of intraoperative and postoperative complications. Bangladesh Crit Care J March 2019; 7(1): 40-43

scholarly journals Practices, predictors and consequences of expressed breast-milk feeding in healthy full-term infants

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 492-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothy Li Bai ◽  
Daniel Yee Tak Fong ◽  
Kris Yuet Wan Lok ◽  
Janet Yuen Ha Wong ◽  
Marie Tarrant
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Expressed Breast Milk ◽  
Caesarean Section Delivery ◽  
Returning To Work ◽  
Milk Feeding

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence and predictors of expressed breast-milk feeding in healthy full-term infants and its association with total duration of breast-milk feeding.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingIn-patient postnatal units of four public hospitals in Hong Kong.SubjectsA total of 2450 mother–infant pairs were recruited in 2006–2007 and 2011–2012 and followed up prospectively for 12 months or until breast-milk feeding had stopped.ResultsAcross the first 6 months postpartum, the rate of exclusive expressed breast-milk feeding ranged from 5·1 to 8·0 % in 2006–2007 and from 18·0 to 19·8 % in 2011–2012. Factors associated with higher rate of exclusive expressed breast-milk feeding included supplementation with infant formula, lack of previous breast-milk feeding experience, having a planned caesarean section delivery and returning to work postpartum. Exclusive expressed breast-milk feeding was associated with an increased risk of early breast-milk feeding cessation when compared with direct feeding at the breast. The hazard ratio (95 % CI) ranged from 1·25 (1·04, 1·51) to 1·91 (1·34, 2·73) across the first 6 months.ConclusionsMothers of healthy term infants should be encouraged and supported to feed directly at the breast. Exclusive expressed breast-milk feeding should be recommended only when medically necessary and not as a substitute for feeding directly at the breast. Further research is required to explore mothers’ reasons for exclusive expressed breast-milk feeding and to identify the health outcomes associated with this practice.

scholarly journals New Insights into Development of Female Reproductive Tract—Hedgehog-Signal Response in Wolffian Tissues Directly Contributes to Uterus Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1211
Author(s):  
Ryuma Haraguchi ◽  
Gen Yamada ◽  
Aki Murashima ◽  
Daisuke Matsumaru ◽  
Riko Kitazawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sonic Hedgehog ◽  
Cell Tracking ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Mouse Uterus ◽  
Uterine Growth ◽  
Mullerian Ducts ◽  
Radial Axis ◽  
Hedgehog Signal

The reproductive tract in mammals emerges from two ductal systems during embryogenesis: Wolffian ducts (WDs) and Mullerian ducts (MDs). Most of the female reproductive tract (FRT) including the oviducts, uterine horn and cervix, originate from MDs. It is widely accepted that the formation of MDs depends on the preformed WDs within the urogenital primordia. Here, we found that the WD mesenchyme under the regulation of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling is closely related to the developmental processes of the FRT during embryonic and postnatal periods. Deficiency of Sonic hedgehog (Shh), the only Hh ligand expressed exclusively in WDs, prevents the MD mesenchyme from affecting uterine growth along the radial axis. The in vivo cell tracking approach revealed that after WD regression, distinct cells responding to WD-derived Hh signal continue to exist in the developing FRT and gradually contribute to the formation of various tissues such as smooth muscle, endometrial stroma and vascular vessel, in the mouse uterus. Our study thus provides a novel developmental mechanism of FRT relying on WD.

scholarly journals Early neonatal morbidities in late preterm compared to term neonates born in a tertiary care private hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 565
Author(s):  
Yogesh P. Mehta ◽  
Manjusha Bhicurao Naik ◽  
Kinnera Putrevu
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Late Preterm ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Term Neonates ◽  
Late Preterm Infants ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Preterm Babies ◽  
Term Newborns

Background: Late preterm babies, born between 34 completed weeks of gestation through 36 weeks 6/7 gestation, tend to be physiologically less mature than term infants, subjecting them to an increased risk of developing various morbidities. Limited information is available regarding the current scenario in India. Therefore, the objective of this study was to understand and compare the early morbidities in late preterm newborns with those in full term babies in a tertiary hospital in India.Methods: The current prospective, observational study consisted of total 150 babies divided into two groups equally; late preterm neonates born between 34 and 36 weeks of gestation and full-term neonates. Weight (at birth, at 72 hours), heart rate, temperature and respiratory parameters were noted of all babies. The newborns were examined for respiratory morbidities, ability to breastfeed, hypoglycemia, hypothermia, neonatal jaundice and signs of sepsis. The need for resuscitation, admission to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and parenteral nutrition was also assessed. Data was expressed as mean±SD and was analyzed using the Student ‘t’ and Mann Whitney U tests.Results: The mean length and weight at birth in late preterm babies was significantly lesser than term newborns. Late preterm babies were found to have significantly higher incidence of complications like hyperbilirubinemia (62.7% vs 13.3%), respiratory morbidities (16% vs 4%), poor feeding, hypothermia, hypoglycemia, and sepsis compared to term newborns (p<0.01).Conclusions: Late preterm infants are at a higher risk than term infants for a number of neonatal complications. Initiatives imparting special care to late preterm infants are required in order to lower the morbidities endured by this population.

scholarly journals Pregnancy in uterus didelphys delivered by caesarean section: a case report

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 5166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devyani Sawai ◽  
Susheel Kumar Sharma ◽  
Devashish Singh Sawai ◽  
Uttkarsha Sawai ◽  
Sangeeta Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caesarean Section ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Congenital Defects ◽  
Mullerian Duct ◽  
Müllerian Duct ◽  
Uterus Didelphys ◽  
Müllerian Duct Anomalies ◽  
Mullerian Anomaly ◽  
Mullerian Ducts ◽  
Mullerian Duct Anomalies

The aim of this study is to report a rare case of pregnancy in uterus didelphys. Mullerian duct anomalies are congenital defects of the female genital system that arise from abnormal embryological development of the Mullerian ducts. A didelphys uterus, also known as double uterus is one of the least common amongst the various Mullerian duct anomalies. It results from complete failure of fusion of Mullerian ducts. There is presence of double uterine bodies with two separate cervices and often double or septate vagina. We report the case in our institute of a pregnancy in the left sided body of a didelphys uterus, delivered by caesarean section. Patients with uterus didelphys belong to high risk group and complications are increased in malformed uterus. Such cases need a meticulous prenatal care. It is a rare Mullerian anomaly and can present with varied obstetrical and gynaecological complications. Prompt and accurate diagnosis of uterine malformations and appropriate surgical intervention are essential to prevent complications.

scholarly journals Uterine segmental aplasia in sheep

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-95
Author(s):  
Reanne Moraes Meira da Silva ◽  
Juliana Targino Silva Almeida e Macêdo ◽  
Pedro Miguel Ocampos Pedroso
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
The State ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Pathological Diagnosis ◽  
White Skin ◽  
Recessive Genes ◽  
Mullerian Ducts ◽  
Macroscopic Analysis

The complete absence of one of the uterine horns, named segmental uterine aplasia or unicorn uterus, occurs due to deficiency in the development of segments of the paramesonephric or Mullerian ducts. It is a congenital or hereditary anomaly of the female reproductive tract caused by recessive genes, which occurrence is unusual. In cows, this malformation was initially called “white heifer disease”, comprising an alteration in the Mullerian ducts in association with the white skin gene that causes aplasia of the uterus, cervix and vagina. Two pieces of sheep reproductive system from a slaughterhouse under federal inspection in the state of Bahia, Brazil, were received for pathological diagnosis. The collection, dissection and macroscopic analysis were carried out. In the macroscopic evaluation, uterine segmental aplasia was identified in both cases, with complete absence of the left uterine horns. Both had agenesis of the uterine tubes associated with the absence of internal bifurcation of the uterine horns. Animals that have a unicorn uterus often have reduced fertility which consequently leads to losses to sheep farming.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Spontaneous Kicking and Age of Walking Attainment in Preterm Infants With Very Low Birth Weight and Full-Term Infants

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suh-Fang Jeng ◽  
Li-Chiou Chen ◽  
Kuo-Inn Tsou ◽  
Wei J Chen ◽  
Hong-Ji Luo
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Walking Ability ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background and Purposes. Although early kicking differences have been reported for preterm infants without overt cranial sonographic abnormalities, their functional importance remains unclear because no outcomes have been measured. Therefore, the first purpose of this prospective study was to examine the age of walking attainment in preterm infants who had very low birth weight (VLBW) but no overt neurosonographic abnormalities and full-term infants without known impairments or pathology. The second purpose was to examine the relationship between spontaneous kicking and age of walking attainment in these infants. Subjects and Methods. Twenty-two preterm infants and 22 full-term infants were examined for kicking movements at 2 and 4 months corrected age and were followed up for age of walking attainment until 18 months corrected age. Results. Survival analysis showed that infants with VLBW attained walking ability at older ages than full-term infants after correction for prematurity. Cox proportional-hazards regression analyses for all infants revealed that a high hip-knee correlation at 2 months corrected age, a high kick frequency at 4 months corrected age, and a short intra-kick pause together with a low variability in interlimb coordination at 2 and 4 months corrected age were all associated with a decreased rate of walking attainment. Discussion and Conclusion. The results indicated that preterm infants who had VLBW but no overt neurosonographic abnormalities had an increased risk of delayed walking attainment compared with full-term infants. Alterations of spontaneous kicking may predict a decreased rate of walking attainment in both preterm and full-term infants.

scholarly journals A study to correlate association between vitamin D with fibroid and its supplementation in the progression of the disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1477
Author(s):  
Somila Xess ◽  
Jaiprakash Sahu
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Uterine Fibroids ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Uterine fibroids, or leiomyomas are the most common benign tumors of the female reproductive tract, affecting up to 60% of Indian women with only 25% of women who are symptomatic. Symptoms do not always correlate with the size, number, or location of the fibroids. Recent studies suggest that hypovitaminosis D is associated with an increased risk of uterine fibroids.Methods: Total 110 women diagnosed with fibroid in USG were included in the study. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied and size of the fibroid noted. 60 women were included in the study group who took Vitamin D supplementation and 50 women in the control group who didn’t perform the study properly.Results: The growth pattern of fibroids with study group under supplementation with 25-OH-D3 seems to be stable, with no increases or decreases in size or number of identified lesions. Instead, women in control group, who did not perform appropriate vitamin D supplementation seem to have a slight but significant increase in size of the lesions.Conclusions: It was seen that hypovitaminosis D was associated with fibroid and thus supplementation with Vitamin D helped in the shrinkage of fibroid or slower the progression of the disease.

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