Observer Influence with Other Variables on the Accuracy of Ultrasound Estimation of Fetal Weight at Term

Background and Objectives: The accuracy with which the estimation of fetal weight (EFW) at term is determined is useful in order to address obstetric complications, since it is a parameter that represents an important prognostic factor for perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the role of the experienced observers with other variables that could influence the accuracy of the ultrasound used to calculate EFW at term, carried out within a period of seven days prior to delivery, in order to assess interobserver variability. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed including 1144 pregnancies at term. The validity of the ultrasound used to calculate EFW at term was analyzed using simple error, absolute error, percentage error and absolute percentage error, as well as the percentage of predictions with an error less than 10 and 15% in relation to maternal, obstetric and ultrasound variables. Results: Valid predictions with an error less than 10 and 15% were 74.7 and 89.7% respectively, with such precision decreasing according to the observer as well as in extreme fetal weights. The remaining variables were not significant in ultrasound EFW at term. The simple error, absolute error, percentage error and absolute percentage error were greater in cases of extreme fetal weights, with a tendency to overestimate the low weights and underestimate the high weights. Conclusions: The accuracy of EFW with ultrasound carried out within seven days prior to birth is not affected by maternal or obstetric variables, or by the time interval between the ultrasound and delivery. However, accuracy was reduced by the observers and in extreme fetal weights.

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Accuracy of Fetal Weight Estimation by Ultrasonographic Evaluation in a Northeastern Region of India

International Journal of Biomaterials ◽

10.1155/2021/9090338 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Ranjumoni Konwar ◽

Bharati Basumatary ◽

Malamoni Dutta ◽

Putul Mahanta

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Absolute Error ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Fetal Weight ◽

Percentage Error ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Weight Category ◽

Obstetric Management ◽

The Difference

Background and Objectives. Fetal weight evaluation in utero is a significant component in obstetric practices. The present study aims to estimate the fetal weight (EFW) by evaluating two available formulas using ultrasound parameters and comparing them with actual birth weight (ABW) after delivery. The accuracy and efficacy of both EFW formulas in detecting intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and macrosomia were also compared in our local sample of the population. Methods. The cross-sectional study included 100 pregnant women aged 20–45 years from the Kamrup district admitted to Guwahati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati, Assam. The data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS version 16. The EFW at term was calculated using Shepard’s formula and Hadlock’s formula. Differences in means are compared using the one-way ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis test and paired t-test. The accuracy of the two procedures was evaluated using mean absolute error (MAE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). A p value<0.05 was considered significant. Results. The present study included 100 pregnant women aged 21–38 years with term or postterm pregnancies subjected to ultrasonographic evaluation within 72 hours of delivery. The mean (±s.d.) EFW by Shepard’s formula was 2716.05 (±332.38) g and Hadlock’s formula was 2740.44 (±353.23) g, respectively. For Hadlock’s formula, MAE ± s.d. was found to be higher (overall 84.59 ± 76.54) specifically in the weight category less than 2500 (106.42 ± 88.11) as compared to Shepard’s (overall MAE ± s.d = 79.86 ± 64.78, and among ABW < 2500 g, MAE ± s.d = 65.04 ± 61.02). The overall MAPE of Hadlock’s formula was 3.14% and that for Shepard’s formula was 2.91%, and the difference was not statistically significant. Both Shepard’s formula and Hadlock’s formula had a sensitivity of 92.85% in detecting IUGR, but Hadlock’s method had higher specificity (66%), higher PPV (86.67%), and higher NPV (80%). Conclusion. The ultrasonographic evaluation of fetal weight helps predict fetal birth weight precisely and can influence obstetric management decisions concerning timing and route of delivery, thus reducing perinatal morbidity and mortality.

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Amniotomy shortens the induction delivery interval

Community Based Medical Journal ◽

10.3329/cbmj.v2i2.16702 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 67-70

Author(s):

Tabassum Ghani ◽

Ayesha Rahim ◽

Ferdousi Begum ◽

Bilkis Mahmuda

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Time Interval ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Remote Areas ◽

Medical College ◽

Maternal Morbidity And Mortality ◽

Cord Prolapse ◽

One Year ◽

Rapid Contraction

Amniotomy or Artificial rupture of membrane is commonly performed procedure in obstetrics. It induces and or accelerates the progress of labour. It is done by artificial rupture of forebag of amniotic membrane. It causes local increase of prostaglandin which interact with collagenous framework and matrix of cervix, converting it from a rigid structure to a soft distensible organ. Release of amniotic fluid shortens muscle bundles of myometrium, strength and duration of contractions are thereby increased and more rapid contraction sequence follows. For this purpose amniotomy as a method of induction of labour may benefit in the way of reducing time interval and operative intervention. This study was conducted with the aim and objectives to evaluate cases in terms of indication, determine amnitomy delivery interval, analyze outcome of amniotomy in labour, find out cases needed for intervention during the process and detect any maternal and fetal complication that may arise as a result of amniotomy. This cross-sectional study was undertaken among 110 cases in Sir Sallimullah Medical College and Mitford Hospital over a period of one year from December1999 to December2000. Out of 110 patients 58 patients were multigravida and 52 were primigravida and their mean age was 25.3 years. Amniotomy was done in these patient with mean cervical dilatation of 3.9 cm. Amniotomy alone was done in 88 cases. Mean amniotomy-delivery interval was 4 hours 54 minutes and 90(81.8%) patients delivered normally; 89.1% babies were healthy. Amniotomy can not be used in remote areas of our country. Though it may shorten labour by augmentation and may contribute in reducing maternal morbidity and mortality but there is potential risk of cord prolapse, abruption placenta, risk of infection, so it can be done in institution with proper supervision. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cbmj.v2i2.16702 Community Based Medical Journal 2013 July: Vol.02 No 02: 67-70

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Accuracy and reliability of ultrasound estimation of fetal weight in women with a singleton term pregnancy

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20196042 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 323

Author(s):

Reena Sharma ◽

Rohit Bhoil ◽

Poojan Dogra ◽

Sushruti Kaushal ◽

Ajay Sharma

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Mode Of Delivery ◽

Absolute Error ◽

Mean Absolute Percentage Error ◽

Fetal Weight ◽

Percentage Error ◽

Strong Positive Correlation ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Absolute Percentage Error ◽

Estimated Fetal Weight

Background: Prenatal estimation of birth-weight is of utmost importance to predict the mode of delivery. This is also an important parameter of antenatal care. This study was conducted to evaluate the accuracy of estimated fetal weight by ultrasound, compared with actual birth weight.Methods: This was a prospective and comparative study comprising 110 pregnant women at term. Patients who had their sonography done within 7 days from date of delivery were included. Fetal weight was estimated by Hadlock 2 formula, the software of which was preinstalled in ultrasound-machine. The estimated fetal weight was compared to the post-delivery birth-weight. The Pearson's correlation coefficient was used and the accuracy of sonographic fetal weight estimation was evaluated using mean error, mean absolute error, mean percentage error, mean absolute percentage error and proportion of estimates within 10% of actual birth weight.Results: Mean estimated and actual birth weights were 3120.8±349.4 gm and 3088.2±404.5 g respectively. There was strong positive correlation between estimated fetal weight and actual birth weight (r = 0.58, p<0.001). The mean percentage error and mean absolute percentage error of ultrasound fetal weight estimations were 1.96±11.8% and 8.7±8.2% respectively. The percentage of estimates within ±10% of the actual birth weight was found to be 67.3%. In 23% of the cases, ultrasound overestimated the birth weight. In 13% of the cases, ultrasound underestimated the birth weight.Conclusions: There was strong positive correlation between actual and sonographically estimated fetal weight. So, ultrasonography can be considered as useful tool for estimating the fetal weight for improving the perinatal outcome.

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Feasibility of Sonography in estimating Fetal Weight of Low Birth Weight Babies

International Journal of Infertility & Fetal Medicine ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10016-1126 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 42-48

Author(s):

Lavanya Rai ◽

Sanghamithra Reddy ◽

Shripad Hebbar

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Absolute Error ◽

Fetal Weight ◽

Percentage Error ◽

Weight Estimation ◽

Validation Group ◽

Absolute Percentage Error ◽

Low Birth Weight Babies ◽

Formula Derivation ◽

New Formula

ABSTRACT Background Currently available ultrasound-based fetal birth weight estimation methods have been designed for a group of neonates with wide birth weight range and hence are faced with increased error of margin. Whenever there is a need for delivering pregnant woman with small fetus, prior knowledge of approximate fetal weight is of utmost importance for neonatal survival, and an error in this process can result in significant morbidity/mortality to the newborn baby. This necessitates need for the establishment of new birth weight formula exclusively for this subset of fetuses. Objectives To test the accuracy of established formulae in fetuses ≤ 2000 gm at birth in singleton pregnancies. To develop new formula for this group of small fetuses delivering in our institution with maximal accuracy and reliability and to prospectively validate this formula in subsequent set of pregnant cohort. Materials and methods The current study was done in two phases: The first phase was a formula derivation phase wherein the four major parameters [biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), and femur length (FL)] were evaluated from a set of 128 postpartum women who delivered a neonate weighing ≤2 kg within 1 week of ultrasound examination. Stepwise regression analysis using birth weight as dependent parameter and fetal biometric parameters as independent parameters was used to develop the best formula for estimating fetal weight at birth. In the second phase (formula validation phase), the newly derived formula was tested for its accuracy in 31 pregnant women who gave birth to neonates weighing ≤2 kg. Results The new formula (log10 [BW] = 1.0131 + 0.0216 × HC + 0.0448 × AC + 0.2183 × FL + 0.0001 × BPD × AC – 0.0059 × AC × FL) was superior to established birth weight formulae. In the formula derivation group, the lowest mean ± standard deviation (SD) absolute error was 130 ± 91 gm and the lowest mean absolute percentage error was 9.8 ± 7% SD for the new formula and 61.7% of weight estimates fell within ± 10% of the actual weight at birth and this percentage further increased to 83.6 and 91.4% for error of margin of ±15 and ±20% respectively. When this formula was applied in the validation group, the absolute error in grams was 102 ± 115 and absolute percentage error was 7.4 ± 7; hence 77.4% fell within 10%, 80.6% fell within 15%, 90.3% fell within 20%. Further, in the validation group, mean ± SD of estimated birth weight was 1337 ± 406 gm, which was closest to actual birth weight (1328 ± 433 gm). Conclusion Our new formula is likely to estimate birth weight in small fetuses (≤2 kg) with reasonable accuracy and reliability. When compared to available methods of ultrasound birth weight estimation, absolute error and absolute percentage error is least with our formula indicating a good fit. How to cite this article Reddy S, Hebbar S, Rai L. Feasibility of Sonography in estimating Fetal Weight of Low Birth Weight Babies. Int J Infertil Fetal Med 2016;7(2):42-48.

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Heart Rate and Distance Measurement of Two Multisport Activity Trackers and a Cellphone App in Different Sports: A Cross-Sectional Validation and Comparison Field Study

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s22010180 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 180

Author(s):

Mario Budig ◽

Michael Keiner ◽

Riccardo Stoohs ◽

Meike Hoffmeister ◽

Volker Höltke

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Field Study ◽

Absolute Error ◽

Distance Measurement ◽

Mean Absolute Percentage Error ◽

Percentage Error ◽

Distance Measurements ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Absolute Percentage Error ◽

Activity Trackers

Options for monitoring sports have been continuously developed by using activity trackers to determine almost all vital and movement parameters. The aim of this study was to validate heart rate and distance measurements of two activity trackers (Polar Ignite; Garmin Forerunner 945) and a cellphone app (Polar Beat app using iPhone 7 as a hardware platform) in a cross-sectional field study. Thirty-six moderate endurance-trained adults (20 males/16 females) completed a test battery consisting of walking and running 3 km, a 1.6 km interval run (standard 400 m outdoor stadium), 3 km forest run (outdoor), 500/1000 m swim and 4.3/31.5 km cycling tests. Heart rate was recorded via a Polar H10 chest strap and distance was controlled via a map, 400 m stadium or 50 m pool. For all tests except swimming, strong correlation values of r > 0.90 were calculated with moderate exercise intensity and a mean absolute percentage error of 2.85%. During the interval run, several significant deviations (p < 0.049) were observed. The swim disciplines showed significant differences (p < 0.001), with the 500 m test having a mean absolute percentage error of 8.61%, and the 1000 m test of 55.32%. In most tests, significant deviations (p < 0.001) were calculated for distance measurement. However, a maximum mean absolute percentage error of 4.74% and small mean absolute error based on the total route lengths were calculated. This study showed that the accuracy of heart rate measurements could be rated as good, except for rapid changing heart rate during interval training and swimming. Distance measurement differences were rated as non-relevant in practice for use in sports.

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Higher Concordance in Clinical Assessment versus Ultrasound to Estimate Fetal Weight when it compares with Birth Weight in Full-Term Newborns

Revista Ecuatoriana de Pediatría ◽

10.52011/0077 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Eliana Velastegui-Ayala ◽

Fabricio Gonzállez-Andrade

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Clinical Assessment ◽

Absolute Error ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Full Term ◽

Fetal Weight ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Low Weight ◽

Term Newborns ◽

Estimate Fetal Weight

Introduction: the aim of this trial was to estimate fetal weight by clinical and ultrasound methods and to compare with the weight at birth in full-term newborns. Methods: This is an epidemiological, observational, cross-sectional study of a cohort of healthy full-term newborns. The sample size was 102 neonates born at the Pablo Arturo Suarez Hospital, in Quito, Ecuador, from November 2019 to January 2020. Results: In full-term neonates, the estimate on ultrasound was 80.00%, while in the clinical assessment was 72.29%. The profile of newborn analyzed is man, mestizo, Ecuadorian, born in the highlands region, with a mean gestational age of 38.67 weeks and a mean birth weight of 3,023 grams, in whom it estimated the fetal weight through ultrasound and clinical assessment. The estimation of the absolute error in both methods analyzed was 2.43% to ultrasound and -4.65% to clinical assessment, and both showed moderate concordance, 78.2% to ultrasound, and 85.6% to clinical assessment. Multivariate analysis showed the neonates with modified weight by ultrasound are 13.44 times more likely to show altered weight at birth, while neonates with modified weight by the clinical assessment are 11.95 times more likely to show altered weight at birth. Conclusions: Accuracy in the clinical assessment was always higher than in the ultrasound method, especially in low weight newborns.

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Five-Year Experience of Liver Transplant at Kerman University of Medical Sciences: Afzalipoor Hospital

Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences ◽

10.18502/ssu.v28i10.4920 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Masood Dehghani

Keyword(s):

Liver Transplantation ◽

Liver Transplant ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Outcome Data ◽

Time Interval ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Past ◽

Transplantation Center ◽

Set Up ◽

End Stage

Introduction: The only option for treatment of end stage liver diseases is liver transplantation. Afzalipour Hospital in Kerman, Iran is the third largest liver transplantation center in Iran. In this study, the outcomes of this center have been studied during the past 5 years. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the pre and post transplantation’s clinical, demographic and outcome data of all patients who received liver transplant at Afzalipour Hospital during the past 5 years have been collected and reviewed. SPSS software ver. 16 was used to analyze the data. Results: Forty-three patients have received liver transplantation during this time interval. The 3-year survival rate of patients was 77%. The most common cause of death was primary nonfunction graft after transplantation. The most common complication was acute rejection (15%), all of which were successfully treated with corticosteroids. Conclusion: Due to increment of cases of acute and chronic liver failure in the community and since the final treatment of these cases is liver transplantation, so there is need to develop liver transplant centers in the future. Quantitative and qualitative study of the activity of centers based liver transplant in Iran is necessary to set up successful centers.

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Novel Spatiotemporal Feature Extraction Parallel Deep Neural Network for Forecasting Confirmed Cases of Coronavirus Disease 2019

10.1101/2020.04.30.20086538 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Chiou-Jye Huang ◽

Yamin Shen ◽

Ping-Huan Kuo ◽

Yung-Hsiang Chen

Keyword(s):

Neural Network ◽

Deep Neural Network ◽

Absolute Error ◽

Mean Absolute Percentage Error ◽

The Other ◽

Percentage Error ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Absolute Percentage Error ◽

Spatiotemporal Feature ◽

The Mean

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic continues as of March 26 and spread to Europe on approximately February 24. A report from April 29 revealed 1.26 million confirmed cases and 125 928 deaths in Europe. This study proposed a novel deep neural network framework, COVID-19Net, which parallelly combines a convolutional neural network (CNN) and bidirectional gated recurrent units (GRUs). Three European countries with severe outbreaks were studied—Germany, Italy, and Spain—to extract spatiotemporal feature and predict the number of confirmed cases. The prediction results acquired from COVID-19Net were compared to those obtained using a CNN, GRU, and CNN-GRU. The mean absolute error, mean absolute percentage error, and root mean square error, which are commonly used model assessment indices, were used to compare the accuracy of the models. The results verified that COVID-19Net was notably more accurate than the other models. The mean absolute percentage error generated by COVID-19Net was 1.447 for Germany, 1.801 for Italy, and 2.828 for Spain, which were considerably lower than those of the other models. This indicated that the proposed framework can accurately predict the accumulated number of confirmed cases in the three countries and serve as a crucial reference for devising public health strategies.

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Time Intervals From Onset of Clinical Manifestations to Treatment in Patients With Cancer at Hospital General San Felipe, Tegucigalpa, Honduras

Journal of Global Oncology ◽

10.1200/jgo.19.00107 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

José A. Sánchez ◽

Mayra G. Handal ◽

Juan F. Vílchez Rodriguez ◽

Sinthia I. Mejía ◽

Annye P. Pagoaga

Keyword(s):

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Clinical Staging ◽

Time Interval ◽

Pathology Report ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Patients With Cancer ◽

The Mean ◽

Mean Time

PURPOSE In cancer, clinical staging is related to outcomes, and this is linked to the evolution of the disease over time. In Honduras, cancer mortality is high, and time intervals from onset of symptoms to treatment of cancer are not known. We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine these intervals. PATIENTS AND METHODS This investigation was carried out from April 25 to August 30, 2018, and included 202 patients at the main cancer referral center in Honduras. For the purposes of the study, information was obtained from patients, their caregiver, medical records, or treatment cards. Patients older than age 18 years were included after informed consent was signed. RESULTS The mean time interval from onset of symptoms to cancer treatment was 232 days. Different intervals of time were identified, and the mean of these intervals was calculated in days as follows: 68 days from onset of symptoms to first medical evaluation; 146 days from first evaluation to oncologist consultation; 26 days from cancer specialist to the pathology report; and 86 days from the histopathologic diagnosis to the beginning of treatment. Once diagnosis was established, the average elapsed times to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery, and chemoradiotherapy were 88, 102, 76, and 154 days, respectively ( P < .05, when surgery is compared against chemotherapy and radiotherapy). CONCLUSION The mean time interval from symptom presentation to treatment in patients with cancer is more than 7 months. This could explain the advanced stages of disease seen at the time of treatment in Honduras, which decrease chance of cure and increase the mortality rate of cancer). Appropriate intervention to decrease these intervals must be taken to reduce mortality.

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How far is too far? A nationwide cross-sectional study for establishing optimal hospital access time for Korean pregnant women

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031882 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. e031882 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mi Young Kwak ◽

Seung Mi Lee ◽

Hyun Joo Kim ◽

Sang Jun Eun ◽

Won Mo Jang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Maternal Morbidity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Obstetric Complications ◽

Access Time ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hospital Access ◽

Maternal Morbidity And Mortality ◽

Delivery Unit

ObjectivesAccess to a delivery unit is a major factor in determining maternal morbidity and mortality. However, there is little information about the optimal access time to a delivery unit. This study aimed to establish the optimal hospital access time (OHAT) for pregnant women in South Korea.DesignNationwide cross-sectional study.SettingWe used the National Health Insurance System database of South Korea.ParticipantsWe analysed the data of 371 341 women who had experienced pregnancy in 2013.Primary and secondary outcome measuresAccess time to hospital was defined as the time required to travel from the patient’s home to the delivery unit. The incidence of obstetric complications was plotted against the access time to hospital. Change-point analysis was performed to identify the OHAT by determining a point wherein the incidence of obstetric complications changed significantly. As a final step, the risk of obstetric complications was compared by type among pregnant women who lived within the OHAT against those who lived outside the OHAT.ResultsThe OHAT associated with each adverse pregnancy outcomes were as follows: inadequate prenatal care, 41–50 min; preeclampsia, 51–60 min; placental abruption, 51–60 min; preterm delivery, 31–40 min; postpartum transfusion, 31–40 min; uterine artery embolisation, 31–40 min; admission to intensive care unit, 31–40 min; and caesarean hysterectomy, 31–40 min. Pregnant women who lived outside the OHAT had significantly higher risk for obstetric complications than those who lived within the OHAT.ConclusionsOur results showed that the OHAT for each obstetric complication ranged between 31 and 60 min. The Korean government should take the OHAT under consideration when establishing interventions for pregnant women who live outside OHAT to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality.

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