scholarly journals Removal of 4-Nitrophenol from Aqueous Solution by Using Polyphenylsulfone-Based Blend Membranes: Characterization and Performance

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Ali Amer Yahya ◽  
Khalid T. Rashid ◽  
Maryam Y. Ghadhban ◽  
Noor Edin Mousa ◽  
Hasan Shaker Majdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Feed Solution ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Operational Variables ◽  
Blend Membranes ◽  
Dope Solution ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

Among many contaminants in wastewater, organic phenol compounds presented a major concern to endanger the water resources safety. In the present study, blend nanofiltration (NF) membranes comprising polyphenylsulfone (PPSU) and polyethersulfone (PES) were prepared via the non-induced phase separation and their performance was examined against 4-Nitrophenol (4-NP). The PES ratio in the dope solution was varied from 6 to 9 wt.% to probe the impact of PES on the retention and permeation characteristics of the final membranes. A series of experimental tools were employed to estimate the characteristics of the membranes, including surface and cross-section, hydrophilicity, pore size and pore size distribution. Performance evaluation of the NF membranes was conducted considering two operational variables; pH and initial feed solution. About 99% removal of 4-NP along with 6.2 L/m2.h.bar was achieved at the optimum operating conditions as revealed by optimization and mathematical modelling.

Application of vacuum belt press filters for cane mud filtration and performance comparison with rotary filters

2014 ◽  
pp. 298-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnaud Petit
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Vacuum Filter ◽  
Sugar Mill ◽  
Belt Press ◽  
Vacuum Belt ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Mud Filtration ◽  
The Impact

Bois-Rouge factory, an 8000 t/d cane Reunionese sugarcane mill, has fully equipped its filtration station with vacuum belt press filters since 2010, the first one being installed in 2009. The present study deals with this 3-year experience and discusses operating conditions, electricity consumption, performance and optimisation. The comparison with the more classical rotary drum vacuum filter station of Le Gol sugar mill highlights advantages of vacuum belt press filters: high filtration efficiency, low filter cake mass and sucrose content, low total solids content in filtrate and low power consumption. However, this technology needs a mud conditioning step and requires a large amount of water to improve mud quality, mixing of flocculant and washing of filter belts. The impact on the energy balance of the sugar mill is significant. At Bois-Rouge mill, studies are underway to reduce the water consumption by recycling low d.s. filtrate and by dry cleaning the filter belts.

Uncertainty Analysis of Inflow Conditions on an HPT Gas Turbine Nozzle: Effect on Particle Deposition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Friso ◽  
N. Casari ◽  
M. Pinelli ◽  
A. Suman ◽  
F. Montomoli
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Particle Deposition ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Gas Turbine Nozzle ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Inflow Conditions

Abstract Gas turbines (GT) are often forced to operate in harsh environmental conditions. Therefore, the presence of particles in their flow-path is expected. With this regard, deposition is a problem that severely affects gas turbine operation. Components’ lifetime and performance can dramatically vary as a consequence of this phenomenon. Unfortunately, the operating conditions of the machine can vary in a wide range, and they cannot be treated as deterministic. Their stochastic variations greatly affect the forecasting of life and performance of the components. In this work, the main parameters considered affected by the uncertainty are the circumferential hot core location and the turbulence level at the inlet of the domain. A stochastic analysis is used to predict the degradation of a high-pressure-turbine (HPT) nozzle due to particulate ingestion. The GT’s component analyzed as a reference is the HPT nozzle of the Energy-Efficient Engine (E3). The uncertainty quantification technique used is the probabilistic collocation method (PCM). This work shows the impact of the operating conditions uncertainties on the performance and lifetime reduction due to deposition. Sobol indices are used to identify the most important parameter and its contribution to life. The present analysis enables to build confidence intervals on the deposit profile and on the residual creep-life of the vane.

Optimization of the Spray Drying Operating Conditions for Producing the Powder Mixture of Gum Arabic and Maltodextrin

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Duc Quang Nguyen ◽  
Sabah Mounir ◽  
Karim Allaf
Keyword(s):  
Spray Drying ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Powder Mixture ◽  
Gum Arabic ◽  
Feed Solution ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Spray Dryer ◽  
Optimal Parameters ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe powder mixture of gum arabic and maltodextrin was produced by spray drying. The inlet air temperature of spray dryer was varied from 160 °C to 260 °C and the maltodextrin content was varied from 0 to 50 % in the feed solution with the concentration of 42.5 % (w/v) total solids by weight. The properties of the finished product were characterized to examine the impact of changes in these operating parameters. The results showed that: the inlet air temperature had a stronger influence on the properties of finished product than the MD/GA ratio, whereas the feed rate was more clearly affected by the MD/GA ratio. Two optimal parameters obtained include MD/GA ratio equal to 0.615 and the inlet air temperature of spray dryer Te = 258 °C.

On the vibration analysis of off-road vehicles: Influence of terrain deformation and irregularity

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (22) ◽  
pp. 5418-5436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulio Reina ◽  
Antonio Leanza ◽  
Arcangelo Messina
Keyword(s):  
Performance Optimization ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Vehicle Body ◽  
Surface Irregularity ◽  
Parameter Study ◽  
Road Vehicles ◽  
Wheel Rolling ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Impact

Surface irregularity acts as a major excitation source in off-road driving that induces vibration of the vehicle body through the tire assembly and the suspension system. When adding ground deformability, this excitation is modulated by the soil properties and operating conditions. The underlying mechanisms that govern ground behavior can be explained and modeled drawing on Terramechanics. Based on this theory, a comprehensive quarter-car model of off-road vehicle is presented that takes into account tire/soil interaction. The model can handle the general case of compliant wheel rolling on compliant ground and it allows ride and road holding performance to be evaluated in the time and frequency domain. An extensive set of simulation tests is included to assess the impact of various surface roughness and ground deformability through a parameter study, showing the potential of the proposed model to describe the behavior of off-road vehicles for design and performance optimization purposes.

Numerical Modeling of the Effects of Leading-Edge Erosion and Trailing-Edge Damage on Wind Turbine Loads and Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Papi ◽  
Lorenzo Cappugi ◽  
Sebastian Perez-Becker ◽  
Alessandro Bianchini
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Future Generation ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Lift And Drag ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Wind turbines operate in challenging environmental conditions. In hot and dusty climates, blades are constantly exposed to abrasive particles that, according to many field reports, cause significant damages to the leading edge. On the other hand, in cold climates similar effects can be caused by prolonged exposure to hail and rain. Quantifying the effects of airfoil deterioration on modern multi-MW wind turbines is crucial to correctly schedule maintenance and to forecast the potential impact on productivity. Analyzing the impact of damage on fatigue and extreme loading is also important to improve the reliability and longevity of wind turbines. In this work, a blade erosion model is developed and calibrated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The Danmarks Tekniske Universitet (DTU) 10 MW Reference Wind Turbine is selected as the case study, as it is representative of the future generation wind turbines. Lift and Drag polars are generated using the developed model and a CFD numerical setup. Power and torque coefficients are compared in idealized conditions at two wind speeds, i.e., the rated speed and one below it. Full aero-servo-elastic simulations of the turbine are conducted with the eroded polars using NREL's BEM-based code OpenFAST. Sixty-six 10-min simulations are performed for each stage of airfoil damage, reproducing operating conditions specified by the IEC 61400-1 power production DLC-group, including wind shear, yaw misalignment, and turbulence. Aeroelastic simulations are analyzed, showing maximum decreases in CP of about 12% as well as reductions in fatigue and extreme loading.

scholarly journals Experimental Study and Performance Analysis of a Portable Atmospheric Water Generator

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei He ◽  
Pengkun Yu ◽  
Zhongting Hu ◽  
Song Lv ◽  
Minghui Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Reference Model ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Air Flow Rate ◽  
Thermoelectric Coolers ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

Found in some specific scenarios, drinking water is hard for people to get, such as during expeditions and scientific investigations. First, a novel water generator with only two thermoelectric coolers (Model A) is designed for extracting water from atmospheric vapor and then experimentally studied under a small inlet air flow rate. The impact of operating conditions on surface temperatures of cold/hot sides and water yield are investigated, including the air flow rate and humidity. Alternately, to determine the super performance of Model A, a comparative experiment between Model A and a reference model (Model B) is carried out. The results suggest that both the cold/hot temperature and water yield in Model A increases with the humidity and air flow rate rising. Seen in comparisons of Model A and Model B, it is found that, at an air humidity of 90% and air flow rate of 30 m3/h, the total water yield was increased by 43.4% and the corresponding value reached the maximum increment of 66.7% at an air humidity of 60% and air flow rate of 30 m3/h. These features demonstrate the advantage of Model A especially in low air humidity compared to Model B.

The Design and Performance of High-Pressure Injectors as Gas Jet Boosters

1970 ◽  
Vol 185 (1) ◽  
pp. 755-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Hoggarth
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Optimum Working ◽  
Working Point

Injectors have a large potential application as jet boosters in gas distribution networks by using the gas from high-pressure supplies to boost the pressure of gas from low-pressure holders to that required by the distribution system. A theoretical study of the design and performance of injectors for this purpose is described. A one-dimensional theory which takes friction into account is proposed for predicting the performance of injectors with driving pressure ratios up to 14:1. Optimization of the theoretical equations is carried out so that the most suitable dimensions can be chosen for any specified performance. Alternatively, the best operating conditions for a given geometry may be predicted. Experimental results compared well with predictions from the proposed theory particularly in the region close to the optimum working point. Where deviations did occur these are explained by the excessive recirculation of the driving gas at the inlet to the mixing throat, when operated away from the optimum working point at low injection ratios and high pressure lifts. By moving the driving nozzle closer to the inlet of the throat and dispensing with the inlet cone, marked improvements in performance could be obtained at these off-optimum operating conditions.

Exergy Analysis for the Performance of Solar Collectors

1983 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fujiwara
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Exergy Analysis ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Exergy Loss ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Solar Collectors ◽  
Optimum Control ◽  
Friction Process ◽  
And Performance

The optimum control and performance evaluation of solar collectors are analyzed from the standpoint of exergy. The pressure drop inside the collector is introduced to the analysis using the Hottel-Whillier model. By treating the friction process as exergy loss, the optimum operating conditions are presented in a simple statement. The maximum capability of collectors is determined and expressed by a relationship among the collector parameters and the environment in which they operates.

Removal of Zinc Ions from Water Using Emulsion Liquid Membrane

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adel Al-Hemiri ◽  
Heaven Emad Mahmoud
Keyword(s):  
Organic Solvent ◽  
Liquid Membrane ◽  
Surfactant Solution ◽  
Feed Solution ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Membrane Extraction ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Synthetic Surfactant ◽  
Emulsion Liquid Membrane ◽  
Aqueous Feed

In the present study, the removal of zinc from synthetic waste water using emulsion liquid membrane extraction technique was investigated. Synthetic surfactant solution is used as the emulsifying agent. Diphenylthiocarbazon (dithizone) was used as the extracting agent dissolved in carbon tetrachloride as the organic solvent and sulfuric acid is used as the stripping agent. The parameters that influence the extraction percentage of Zn+2 were studied. These are the ratio of volume of organic solvent to volume of aqueous feed (0.5-4), ratio of volume of surfactant solution to volume of aqueous feed (0.2-1.6), pH of the aqueous feed solution (5-10), mixing intensity (100-1000) rpm, concentration of extracting agent (20-400) ppm, surfactant concentration (0.2-2) wt.%, contact time (3-30) min, and concentration of strip phase (0.25-2) M . It was found that 87.4 percent of Zn+2 can be removed from the aqueous feed solution at the optimum operating conditions.

Business Definition and Performance

1983 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary L. Frazier ◽  
Roy D. Howell
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Strategic Groups ◽  
Medical Supply ◽  
Income Statement ◽  
Operational Variables ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

This paper evaluates the impact of variations in business definition within an industry. The manner in which organizations are defined is linked to the existence of strategic groups. Data collected across strategic groups of wholesalers in the medical supply and equipment channel are used to illustrate that the nature of the firms’ business definition is related to (1) the mean level of the firms’ income statement variables and performance criteria and (2) the significance of strategic and operational variables in explaining firm performance.

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