scholarly journals Mechanical Properties of Thermoplastic-Based Hybrid Laminates with Regard to Layer Structure and Metal Volume Content

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1430
Author(s):  
Maik Trautmann ◽  
Selim Mrzljak ◽  
Frank Walther ◽  
Guntram Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Fibre ◽  
Volume Content ◽  
Layer Structure ◽  
Reinforced Plastics ◽  
Reinforced Plastic ◽  
Metal Volume ◽  
Hybrid Laminates ◽  
Static Tensile ◽  
Hybrid Laminate

Multi layered lightweight material compounds such as hybrid laminates are composed of different layers of materials like metals and unidirectional fibre-reinforced plastics and offer high specific strength. They can be individually tailored for applications like outer cover panels for aircraft and vehicles. Many characteristics especially layer structure, volume contents of the embedded materials as well as layer surface adhesion determine the performance of a hybrid laminate. In this study, the influence of layer structure and metal volume content are evaluated with regard to the mechanical properties of the recyclable hybrid laminate CAPAAL (carbon fibre-reinforced plastics/aluminium foil laminate), which consists of the aluminium alloy AA6082 and a graded structure of glass and carbon fibre-reinforced polyamide 6. Hybrid laminates with different ratios of the fibre-reinforced plastic and numbers of aluminium layers were manufactured by thermal pressing. The consolidation quality of in total four laminate structure variations, including 2/1 and 3/2 metal-to-fibre-reinforced plastic layer structures with fibre orientation variation, were investigated by light microscopy through cross-sections and further on computed tomography. For determination and evaluation of the mechanical properties metrologically instrumented quasi-static tensile and three-point bending tests, as well as tension-tension fatigue tests for the establishment of S-N curves were performed. The results were correlated to the microstructural observations, revealing significant influence by the consolidation quality. The layer structure proved to have a proportional impact on the increase of quasi-static tensile and flexure strength with a decrease in metal volume content. Orienting some of the fibre-reinforced plastic layers in ±45° leads to a more evenly distributed fibre alignment, which results in a higher consolidation quality and less anisotropic bending properties. Fatigue results showed a more complex behaviour where not only the metal volume content seems to determine the fatigue loading capability, but also the number of metal-fibre-reinforced plastic interfaces, hinting at the importance of stress distribution between layers and its longevity over fatigue life.

Specific Mechanical Properties of New Hybrid Laminates with Thermoplastic Matrix and a Variable Metal Component

2015 ◽  
Vol 825-826 ◽  
pp. 344-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisy Nestler ◽  
Heike Jung ◽  
Sebastian Arnold ◽  
Bernhard Wielage ◽  
Guntram Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Expansion ◽  
Carbon Fibre ◽  
Aluminium Alloy ◽  
Thermal Expansion Coefficient ◽  
Expansion Coefficient ◽  
Glass Fibre ◽  
Reinforced Plastics ◽  
Hybrid Laminates ◽  
Reinforced Thermoplastics

Hybrid laminates combine the positive properties of metals and fibre reinforced plastics. Thereby, the relatively free selectable components provide further benefits. Especially thermoplastic matrices offer positive aspects like the possibility of deformation, recyclability as well as the possibility of mass production. To obtain such hybrid laminates the first step is the production of pre-consolidated unidirectional endless fibre reinforced thermoplastic foils. In a second step, these pre-impregnated fibre-foil tapes were alternating thermally pressed with metallic layers in tailored compositions. To use the full capacity of the hybrid laminates an adequate interface between the fibre reinforced thermoplastics and the metallic foil is essential. Different investigations of the authors display the principle possibility to produce hybrid laminates with carbon endless fibre reinforced thermoplastics and aluminium alloy foils. Nevertheless, load free delamination’s occurs. The reason for these delaminations within the interface of the fibre reinforced thermoplastics and the metallic foil are the differences in the thermal expansion coefficient of the components. Caused by the consolidation at elevated temperatures these differences become more significant and reduce the reproducibility of the hybrid laminates. To minimize these thermal induced stresses the graduation of the thermal expansion coefficient is one possibility. This graduation is possible by utilising glass fibre thermoplastic tapes between the aluminium alloy foil and the carbon fibre reinforced thermoplastics. Further investigations are dealing with so called expansion alloys to adapt the thermal expansion coefficient. The latter approach provides the benefit to utilize the full mechanical properties of the carbon fibre reinforced thermoplastics and to economize the glass-fibre tapes. Nevertheless, these expansion alloys are characterized by a high density. Hence, within this contribution the specific mechanical properties as well as the advantages and disadvantages of hybrid laminates with expansion alloys or aluminium alloys with glass-fibre thermoplastics interlayers are discussed and assessed. These specific mechanical properties display the potential of the expansion alloy in spite of the high density by means of comparable values. The sample only consisting of carbon fibre reinforced plastics highlights the great variety and possibilities of different hybrid laminate structures and combinations regarding the thickness and positioning of the component layers.

scholarly journals Mechanical Characterisation of Carbon Fibre-Reinforced Plastics with Defined Defects

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (6(132)) ◽  
pp. 126-132
Author(s):  
Moniruddoza Ashir ◽  
Georg Bardl ◽  
Lars Hahn ◽  
Andreas Nocke ◽  
Chokri Cherif
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Fibre ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Reinforced Plastics ◽  
Mechanical Characterisation ◽  
Reinforced Plastic ◽  
Technology Market ◽  
Plastic Components ◽  
Local Defects ◽  
Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastics

A steadily increasing application of fibre-reinforced plastics in the field of lightweight construction has been observed in the course of the past two decades. Currently a major challenge in the growing high technology market is the quality assurance of manufactured fibre-reinforced plastic components. During different stages in the manufacturing process of fibre-reinforced plastics, defects of different types and sizes are enclosed in them, exerting a destructive influence on the performance of fibre-reinforced plastics in various practical applications in terms of strength, stiffness and brittleness. Thus the aim of this research project was to investigate the effect of defined local defects on the mechanical properties, such as tensile, flexural and impact properties, of fibre-reinforced plastics, in particular carbon fibre-reinforced plastics. Results show that these mechanical properties depend significantly on the type and size of defect.

Damage assessment of carbon fibre reinforced plastic using acoustic emission technique: experimental and numerical approach

2020 ◽  
pp. 147592172094643
Author(s):  
Claudia Barile ◽  
Caterina Casavola ◽  
Giovanni Pappalettera ◽  
Vimalathithan Paramsamy Kannan
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
Carbon Fibre ◽  
Crack Length ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Numerical Approach ◽  
Acoustic Energy ◽  
Reinforced Plastics ◽  
Reinforced Plastic ◽  
Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastic

In this research work, the acoustic emission results obtained from testing double cantilever beam specimens with carbon fibre reinforced plastic laminates are analysed. The acoustic emission descriptors such as amplitude, frequency centroid, counts, duration and risetime are clustered using k-means++ algorithm. An unconventional and innovative way of using the acoustic emission descriptors, after the clustering, is introduced. This method can favourably be used for relating the different damage progression modes in fibre reinforced plastics. Apart from this, the cumulative acoustic energy is used for predicting the crack length of the specimens. The predicted crack length is almost identical to the actual crack length opening recorded in each specimen. Finally, analytical and finite element models are used for validating the experimental results under the mode I delamination. The finite element studies are carried out using cohesive zone modelling in Comsol Multiphysics® platform.

CATPUAL - An Innovative and High-Performance Hybrid Laminate with Carbon Fibre-Reinforced Thermoplastic Polyurethane

2017 ◽  
Vol 742 ◽  
pp. 294-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilo Zopp ◽  
Daisy Nestler ◽  
Jürgen Tröltzsch ◽  
Maik Trautmann ◽  
Sebastian Nendel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fibre ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Thermoplastic Matrix ◽  
Hybrid Laminates ◽  
Interlaminar Shear ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Hybrid Laminate

In consideration of environmental aspects and limited availability of resources, the focus of automotive and aerospace industry lies on significant weight optimisations especially for moving loads. In this context, innovative lightweight materials as well as material combinations need to be developed. A considerable potential for lightweight structures can be found in fibre- or textile-reinforced semi-finished products. Due to their specific characteristics and extraordinary structural diversity, thermoset and thermoplastic matrix systems can be used. In particular, carbon fibres as reinforcing components combined with a thermoplastic matrix polymer are able to create new high-performance applications. Besides the significant lightweight characteristics of the fibre-plastic-composites, in some instances contrary requirements must be satisfied in many areas, such as strength and ductility. In this field, the combination of fibre-reinforced polymers with aluminium or titanium sheets creates unique composite materials, so called hybrid laminates, which fulfil the unusual expectations.The focus of the current study lies on the development of a new thermoplastic hybrid laminate named CATPUAL (CArbon fibre-reinforced Thermoplastic PolyUrethane/ALuminium laminate). The structure of the laminate is an alternating sequence of thin aluminium sheets (EN AW 6082-T4) and fibre-reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). The individual layers are consolidated to each other by using a hot pressing process. First results showed that the impregnation capability of thermoplastic polyurethane surpasses any other commercially available hybrid laminates. Furthermore, the mechanical properties regarding bending strength and interlaminar shear strength are exceeding the state of the art drastically.

The Study on Timber Pier Columns Strengthened with Cfrp Hoops in Ancient Architecture

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 096369351602500
Author(s):  
X Y Xiong ◽  
X X Lu ◽  
R J Xue
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Fibre ◽  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Timber Structure ◽  
Reinforced Plastics ◽  
Universal Formula ◽  
Chinese Architecture ◽  
Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastics

Timber structure is the mainstream method of ancient Chinese architecture. However due to the effect of weathering and long history, it was badly damaged. Therefore, the protective repairing is imminent. The traditional reinforcement method of pier columns strengthened with iron sheet presents unsatisfactory performance in recovering the bearing capacity, and the study on Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastics (CFRP) material applying in strengthening pier column is relatively lacking. This paper studied the mechanical properties of 20 timber columns, 17 of which used the CFRP for reinforcement, and one specimen is strengthened with iron sheet. With the maximum bearing capacity of reinforcement columns with CFRP recovering up to 103.22%, the research proves reasonable arrangement of CFRP hoops and suitable strengthening quantity of CFRP could get commendable reinforcement results. Finally, considering the effect of the pier type on the bearing capacity of pier columns, this paper puts forward a more accurate and universal formula compared to Su model, which provides theoretical foundation for restoration projects of ancient architecture.

scholarly journals Nano/Micro Hybrid Bamboo Fibrous Preforms for Robust Biodegradable Fiber Reinforced Plastics

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 636
Author(s):  
Junsik Bang ◽  
Hyunju Lee ◽  
Yemi Yang ◽  
Jung-Kwon Oh ◽  
Hyo Won Kwak
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Fibrous Composite ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Reinforced Plastics ◽  
Reinforced Plastic ◽  
Industry Applications

The focus on high-strength and functional natural fiber-based composite materials is growing as interest in developing eco-friendly plastics and sustainable materials increases. An eco-friendly fibrous composite with excellent mechanical properties was prepared by applying the bamboo-derived nano and microfiber multiscale hybridization phenomenon. As a result, the cellulose nanofibers simultaneously coated the micro-bamboo fiber surface and adhered between them. The multiscale hybrid phenomenon implemented between bamboo nano and microfibers improved the tensile strength, elongation, Young’s modulus, and toughness of the fibrous composite. The enhancement of the fibrous preform mechanical properties also affected the reinforcement of biodegradable fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP). This eco-friendly nano/micro fibrous preform can be extensively utilized in reinforced preforms for FRPs and other green plastic industry applications.

New Sandwich Structures Consisting of Aluminium Foam and Thermoplastic Hybrid Laminate Top Layers

2015 ◽  
Vol 825-826 ◽  
pp. 797-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisy Nestler ◽  
Heike Jung ◽  
Maik Trautmann ◽  
Bernhard Wielage ◽  
Guntram Wagner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sandwich Structures ◽  
Core Layer ◽  
Shear Stiffness ◽  
Aluminium Foam ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Reinforced Plastics ◽  
The Core ◽  
Hybrid Laminates ◽  
Sandwich Materials ◽  
Hybrid Laminate

Sandwich structures consist of one light core layer and two top layers, which form the load-bearing structure. These layers have to be stiff and strong and have to protect the structure against indentations. The main task of the core layer is to keep the top layers in place and to generate a high shear stiffness. In order to obtain the required space between the top layers, the core layer has to have a high specific volume. Different sandwich materials with aluminium or steel top layers and cores of aluminium combs, corrugated aluminium sheets or aluminium foams are already known. In order to obtain better properties in terms of strength fibre-reinforced plastics (FRP) are utilised as top layers; this is the focus of numerous of the current research studies. The sole use of these materials leads to negative effects regarding the damage and impact behaviour. New top layers with high strength and high stiffness characteristics as well as good damage tolerances are to be expected by utilising metal layers in combination with endless fibre-reinforced plastics, so called hybrid laminates. These hybrid laminates combine the positive properties of metals (e.g. ductility) and fibre-reinforced plastics (e.g. tensile strength). The focus of this investigation lies on the production and characterisation of sandwich structures with aluminium foam core layers and hybrid laminate top layers. The foam cores consist of closed pore aluminium foams produced by utilising ingot and powder metallurgical techniques. The top layers consist of glass fibre-reinforced thermoplastics and aluminium layers. The production of the sandwich materials is realised by means of thermal pressing.

Tensile and Fatigue Testings of Hybrid Al/APC-2 Nanocomposite Laminates at Elevated Temperature

2008 ◽  
Vol 47-50 ◽  
pp. 592-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Hwa R. Jen ◽  
Yi Chun Sung ◽  
Yin Da Lai
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Thermoplastic Matrix ◽  
Longitudinal Stiffness ◽  
Hybrid Laminates ◽  
Static Tensile ◽  
Aluminum Alloy 2024 ◽  
Strength And Stiffness

To deal with the stringent operational demands the aerospace structural materials of light weight Aluminum alloy 2024 sheets and plies of carbon fibers reinforced thermoplastic matrix PEEK were used to sustain at least 80% of their mechanical properties at elevated temperature. The addition of nanoparticles SiO2 can enhance the composite laminate strength and stiffness. Also, Al 2024 sheets were treated by an anodic method of electroplating to increase surface roughness to achieve perfectly bonding with matrix PEEK. Then, the modified diaphragm curing process was adopted to make the innovative hybrid Al/APC-2 hybrid nanocomposite laminates. Next, both static tensile and fatigue tests were conducted at elevated temperature to obtain the mechanical properties, lives and failure mechanisms to verify the improved features of hybrid specimens. From tensile tests the mechanical properties of Al/APC-2 [4Al/0/±45/90/2Al]s hybrid laminates at elevated temperature were obtained. Although there is a big drop at 150°C, the reduction in strength from RT to 125°C is generally not significant. The longitudinal stiffness is almost unchanged at elevated temperature. After cyclic tension-tension (T-T) tests, the positions of received S-N curves go downwards as temperature rising. No delaminations were found in both tests. If the applied stress normalized by the ultimate strength at corresponding temperature, the normalized S-N curves are closer with some curve positions reversed. Significant improvement of manufacturing and enhancement of mechanical properties in hybrid laminates were achieved finally.

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