scholarly journals Metallic Nanoscaffolds as Osteogenic Promoters: Advances, Challenges and Scope

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1356
Author(s):  
Sougata Ghosh ◽  
Thomas Jay Webster
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber Latex ◽  
Methyl Cellulose ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Copper Gold ◽  
Rapid Healing ◽  
Titanium Zinc ◽  
Orthopedic Applications ◽  
Further Development

Bone injuries and fractures are often associated with post-surgical failures, extended healing times, infection, a lack of return to a normal active lifestyle, and corrosion associated allergies. In this regard, this review presents a comprehensive report on advances in nanotechnology driven solutions for bone tissue engineering. The fabrication of metals such as copper, gold, platinum, palladium, silver, strontium, titanium, zinc oxide, and magnetic nanoparticles with tunable physico-chemical and opto-electronic properties for osteogenic scaffolds is discussed here in detail. Furthermore, the rational selection of a polymeric base such as chitosan, collagen, poly (L-lactide), hydroxyl-propyl-methyl cellulose, poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid, polyglucose-sorbitol-carboxymethy ether, polycaprolactone, natural rubber latex, and silk fibroin for scaffold preparation is also discussed. These advanced materials and fabrication strategies not only provide for appropriate mechanical strength but also render integrity, making them appealing for orthopedic applications. Further, such scaffolds can be functionalized with ligands or biomolecules such as hydroxyapatite, polypyrrole (PPy), magnesium, zinc dopants, and growth factors to stimulate osteogenic differentiation, mineralization, and neovascularization to aid in rapid healing. Future directions to co-incorporate bioceramics, biogenic nanoparticles, and fourth generation biomaterials to enhance biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and rapid recovery are also included in this review. Hence, the further development of such biomimetic metal-based nano-scaffolds at a lower cost with reduced risks and greater efficacy at regrowing bone can revolutionize the future of orthopedics.

Physical - Chemical Issues of Cephalosporin Intercalated Nanoparticles for Life - Threatening Infections Treatment

2001 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-349
Author(s):  
Lucian Eva ◽  
Letitia Doina Duceac ◽  
Liviu Stafie ◽  
Constantin Marcu ◽  
Geta Mitrea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Advanced Characterization ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Exchange Method ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Double Hydroxide ◽  
Double Hydroxides

The fourth generation cephalosporin antibacterial agent, cefepime, was loaded into layered double hydroxides for enhancing antibiotic efficiency, reducing side effects, as well as achieving the sustained release property. The intercalation of antibiotic into the inter-gallery of ZnAl-layered double hydroxide (LDH) was carried out using ion exchange method, by this constituting a nano-sized organic-inorganic hybrid material for a controlled release novel formulation. Although cefepime is a broad spectrum antibiotic, it has various adverse effects and a significant degradation rate. Thus, the preparation and physico-chemical characterization of nanomaterials able to intercalate this drug is an important study for medical and pharmaceutical field. The antibiotic inclusion into LDHs nanostructure was confirmed by advanced characterization techniques and the release profile of cefepime was analysed with the respect to pH of the simulated media.

scholarly journals Change in chemical constituents and overall acceptability of frozen and dehydrated Aonla fruit pulp during storage

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1615-1617
Author(s):  
Jyoti Prabha Bishnoi ◽  
Rakesh Gehlot ◽  
S. Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Sensory Attributes ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Storage Duration ◽  
Overall Acceptability ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Further Development

Ascorbic acid and total phenol in frozen aonla pulp on zero day of storage was found to be 365.5 mg/100g and 2.1 mg/g while in dehydrated aonla pulp it was 2.3 mg/100mg and 14.7 mg/g which was found to decrease with the increase in storage duration. However, significant increase (CD at 5% Level) in total soluble solids (TSS) and non-enzymatic browning was noticed with the advancement in storage duration. The decrease and increase in physico-chemical characteristics were more significant in dehydrated aonla pulp as compared to frozen aonla pulp. Mean score for sensory attributes of dehydrated aonla pulp at zero month of storage was fairly less than frozen aonla pulp. Moreover, there was more significant decrease in value of sensory attributes of dehydrated aonla pulp during six months storage period compared to frozen aonla pulp. Thus, present study was first in its kind to determine and compare chemical composition and overall acceptability of frozen and dehydrated aonla pulp obtained from aonla fruits cv. Chakaiya during storage for optimizing there use in further development of value added aonla product.

Importance of Nanosensors: Feynman's Vision and the Birth of Nanotechnology

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 718-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jozef T. Devreese
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Level ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
New Class ◽  
Intelligent Sensors ◽  
Integrated Devices ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Better Than

In his visionary 1959 lecture at Caltech, Richard P. Feynman foresaw the potential of the ability to manipulate matter at the atomic scale. In this article, adapted from Integrated Nanosensors, MRS Symposium Proceedings Volume 952E, edited by I.K. Schuller, Y. Bruynseraede, L.M. Lechuga, and E. Johnson (2007), Jozef T. Devreese (University of Antwerp) discusses implementations of Feynman's vision in the field of nanosensors and perspectives of its further development and applications.Nanoparticles are unique tools as sensors. Particles with sizes at the nanoscale reveal physical properties that do not exist in bulk materials; these properties can operate well inside living cells. Nanosensors possess unique physical characteristics. Their sensitivity can be orders of magnitude better than that of conventional devices. Nanosensors possess such performance advantages as fast response and portability. State-of-the-art nanosensors are based on various advanced materials (quantum dots, nanoshells, nanopores, carbon nanotubes, etc.). Nanosensors furthermore allow for building an entirely new class of integrated devices that provide the elemental base for “intelligent sensors” capable of data processing, storage, and analysis. Advances can open unprecedented perspectives for the application of nanosensors in various fields, for example, as molecular-level diagnostic and treatment instruments in medicine and as networks of nanorobots for real-time monitoring of physiological parameters of a human body.

PROTEST IN THE CITIES OF SIBERIA: THE EXPERIENCE OF MEASURING FACTORS OF MOBILIZATION ACTIVITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 122-130
Author(s):  
Yurii Pustovoyt ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Relative Stability ◽  
Political Competition ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
National State ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Further Development

The paper considers a set of conditions that stimulate mobilization activity. Based on the J. Goldstone’s fourth-generation revolution model, the author proposes such stimuli: the effectiveness of government, the dissatisfaction and the elites, and the protesters' notion of the power. The author reviews protesting regions’ capitals with these factors based on the assessment of mobilization. The preliminary results show that the higher the level of urban prosperity and of formal competition, the higher the mobilization activity and the ability of protest communities to establish control over resources and to achieve their goals. The main components influencing the protest identity (“anger”, “profit” and “enemy”) are proposed. Further development of mobilization takes various forms. In the most prosperous cities, it is likely for protest communities of liberal, socialist, and national-patriotic types to become an element of political competition and to complement electoral and symbolic struggle concentrated around certain leaders and topics: social justice, ecology, legal protection and values of liberalism. The other extreme (in dysfunctional cities) — short-term situational outbreaks of protest around national, state, religious or socialist ideals. The mobilization activity here is minimal, which does not exclude active street events resulting in possible personnel shifts with the relative stability of the power coalitions.

Irving Langmuir, 1881-1957

1958 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 167-184 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Alpha Particle ◽  
Quantum Physics ◽  
American Association ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Single Event ◽  
Classical Physics ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Modern Physics ◽  
Further Development

In the winter of 1942, as retiring President of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Irving Langmuir addressed the membership on the topic ‘Science, commonsense and decency’. He was concerned with the interaction of scientific progress and human endeavour and took the opportunity to reveal his own ideas concerning problems of human behaviour and morality. He recognized two categories of phenomena in modern physics which he termed convergent and divergent phenomena. He included among the convergent phenomena all those fluctuating details of individual atoms and molecules which average out giving a result that converges to a definite state. Many of the phenomena of classical physics belong in the convergent category. To a second class he assigned the divergent phenomena where, from a small beginning, increasingly large effects are produced. Quantum physics includes many such phenomena. Langmuir chose as an illustrative example the Wilson cloud-chamber experiment. Here, a single swift particle, say an alpha particle, whose release from its parent is unpredictable as to time and direction, subject only to the laws of chance, in its passage through the chamber leaves a trail of ions. If the chamber atmosphere be super-saturated, droplets are formed; illumination renders these visible and photography can record the multiple divergent consequences from a single event, the release of the swift particle. In further development of this theme of divergence Langmuir went on to state that ‘when we consider the nature of human affairs it is to me obvious that divergent phenomena frequently play a role of vital importance’. Langmuir’s birth on 31 January 1881 comes within the category of his divergent phenomena, from which beginning profound effects on the development of physico-chemical science finally resulted.

Fracture Behaviour of Brittle (Glass) Matrix Composites

2005 ◽  
Vol 482 ◽  
pp. 115-122
Author(s):  
Ivo Dlouhý ◽  
Zdeněk Chlup ◽  
Aldo Roberto Boccaccini
Keyword(s):  
Glass Matrix ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Metallic Particles ◽  
Chevron Notch ◽  
Toughness Evaluation ◽  
Actual Material ◽  
Glass Matrix Composites ◽  
Further Development

A number of examples exist that indicate the potential for increasing the toughness of brittle matrices by dispersing different reinforcements. For further development of these advanced materials the actual material response during mechanical loading under presence of flaws appears to be important. Theoretical and experimental knowledge acquired on different kinds of brittle matrix composites is summarised in the paper. These include glass matrix composites with metallic particles, alumina platelets, continuous SiC (Nicalon®) fibres, and both chopped fibres and ZrO2particles (hybrid composites). The composites were tested in as-received state but also after different forms of thermomechanical loading, e.g. thermal shock, thermal cycling in air, which were investigated according to the envisaged composites application. Chevron notch technique was mainly used for fracture toughness evaluation. Microstructural damage is explained based on identified fracture micromechanisms.

scholarly journals USE OF IODINE-CONTAINING ADDITIVES IN THE PRODUCTION OF WELLNESS BAKERY PRODUCTS

2019 ◽  
pp. 137-144
Author(s):  
Nataliia Buialska ◽  
◽  
Valeriya Voedilo ◽  
Natalya Denisova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Bakery Products ◽  
Total Iodine ◽  
Target Setting ◽  
Chemical Indicators ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Physicochemical Studies ◽  
Further Development

Urgency of the research. The iodine supply of the population is one of the most important task in many countries, including Ukraine. Iodine enrichment of bakery products contributes to its solution. Target setting. The enrichment of bakery products with iodine is promising direction. However, it is still not used widely due to insufficient data. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. Works of many domestic and foreign scientists are devoted to the problem of iodine deficiency. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. Issues of the efficiency of using various iodine-containing additives and their influence on the organoleptic and physico-chemical indicators of the quality of bakery products have not been studied sufficiently. Further development of the assortment of bakery products fortified with iodine is required. The research objective. The aim of the work was to investigate the effect of iodine-containing additives on organoleptic and physico-сhemical quality indicators of bakery products from wheat flour for improving the nutritional value of bread and producing wellness food products. The statement of basic materials. The advisability of using iodine-containing additives “Iodaktiv” and “Laminariia” in the technology of bakery products in order to improve their quality, raise nutritional value and provide wellness properties of finished products has been proved on the basis of scientific and experimental data. On the basis of organoleptic and physicochemical studies it was established that studied bread samples containing additive “Iodaktiv” in quantity of 0,13 g and additive “Laminariia” in quantity of 0,5 g are characterized by higher quality indicators. Conclusions. Consumption of bread fortified with additives “Iodaktiv” and “Laminariia” in optimal concentrations provides intake of approximately 55 μg of iodine or 37 % of the total iodine daily dose, which is recommended.

scholarly journals Natural Rubber Latex and Gum Arabic: A Comparison of Physico-chemical Properties

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence Edomwonyi-Otu
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Natural Rubber Latex ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Shear Thickening ◽  
Gum Arabic ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Rubber Latex ◽  
Physico Chemical

The present investigation deals with the determination of the physio-chemical properties of two commercial grade samples of local gums (Gum Arabic and Natural Rubber Latex (NRL)). The results revealed that the gum samples have high melting point that indicate thermal stability at room and moderate temperatures. The gum samples have about 95 % carbohydrate content and a corresponding high internal energy and can serve as a source of energy. The rheology of the samples revealed shear-thickening characteristics with gum Arabic being thixotropic and pseudo-plastic in nature while NRL was observed to be anti-thixotropic and rheopectic. Further results from the moisture absorption, contact angle and Fourier Transform Infrared Radioscopy (FTIR) analyses gave better insight into their hydroscopic behaviors. Gum Arabic has excellent water absorption capacity with less wettability as it consists mainly of more water-soluble compounds in comparison to Natural Rubber Latex. These insights from the study will enhance wider application of the gums with increased value-addition to the gums and the communities where they (can) thrive.

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