scholarly journals Selection for Growth and Precocity Alters Muscle Metabolism in Nellore Cattle

Metabolites ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nara Regina Brandão Cônsolo ◽  
Juliana da Silva ◽  
Vicente Luiz Macedo Buarque ◽  
Angel Higuera-Padilla ◽  
Luis Carlos Garibaldi Simon Barbosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Fat Metabolism ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Muscle Metabolism ◽  
High Growth ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Longissimus Lumborum ◽  
Nellore Cattle ◽  
Selection For ◽  
The Relationship

To clarify the relationship between beef genetic selection for growth and precocity with muscle metabolism and metabolites, we performed metabolomic analysis using Longissimus lumborum (LL) muscle from Nellore cattle with divergent selection for these traits (high growth, HG; low growth, LG; high precocity, HP; low precocity, LP). Genetic potential for growth affected muscle protein and energetic metabolism. HG animals had a high concentration of arginine, carnosine, and leucine compared to LG animals. HP animals presented a high concentration of glutamine, betaine, creatinine, isoleucine, carnitine, acetyl carnitine, and lower levels of glucose compared to LP animals, affecting protein and fatty acid metabolism. Intensity of selection (high or low) was correlated with changes in protein metabolism, and the type of selection (growth or precocity) affected fat metabolism. In conclusion, both HG and HP appear to be correlated with a high concentration of protein metabolites and changes in protein metabolic pathways, while selection for precocity is more correlated with changes in fat metabolism compared to animals selected for growth.

scholarly journals Influence of Genetic Selection for Growth and Broodstock Diet n-3 LC-PUFA Levels on Reproductive Performance of Gilthead Seabream, Sparus aurata

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 519
Author(s):  
Shajahan Ferosekhan ◽  
Serhat Turkmen ◽  
Cathaysa Pérez-García ◽  
Hanlin Xu ◽  
Ana Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Growth Trait ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Gilthead Seabream ◽  
Commercial Diet ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Broodstock Diet

Genetic selection in gilthead seabream (GSB), Sparus aurata, has been undertaken to improve the growth, feed efficiency, fillet quality, skeletal deformities and disease resistance, but no study is available to delineate the effect of genetic selection for growth trait on GSB reproductive performance under mass spawning condition. In this study, high growth (HG) or low growth (LG) GSB broodstock were selected to evaluate the sex steroid hormones, sperm, egg quality and reproductive performance under different feeding regime of commercial diet or experimental broodstock diet containing either fish oil (FO) or vegetable oil (VO) based diet. Under commercial diet feeding phase, broodstock selected for either high growth or low growth did not show any significant changes in the egg production per kg female whereas egg viability percentage was positively (p = 0.014) improved by the high growth trait broodstock group. The experimental diet feeding results revealed that both growth trait and dietary fatty acid composition influenced the reproductive performance of GSB broodstock. In the experimental diet feeding phase, we observed high growth trait GSB males produced a higher number of sperm cells (p < 0.001) and also showed a higher sperm motility (p = 0.048) percentage. The viable egg and larval production per spawn per kg female were significantly improved by the broodstock selected for high growth trait and fed with fish oil-based diet. This present study results signifies that gilthead seabream broodstock selected on growth trait could have positive role in improvement of sperm and egg quality to produce viable progeny.

scholarly journals Influence of muscle source on proximate composition, texture profile and protein oxidation of beef from grain-finished Bos indicus cattle

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Amaral de Alcântara Salim ◽  
Surendranath Premakumari Suman ◽  
Anna Carolina Vilhena da Cruz Silva Canto ◽  
Bruno Reis Carneiro da Costa-Lima ◽  
Fernanda Medeiros Viana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Oxidation ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Muscle Metabolism ◽  
Color Stability ◽  
Texture Profile ◽  
Longissimus Lumborum ◽  
Nellore Cattle ◽  
Psoas Major

ABSTRACT: The aim of this research was to investigate the influence of muscle type on protein oxidation, texture profile (hardness, springiness, cohesiveness and chewiness) and proximate composition of beef from grain-finished Bos indicus (Nellore) cattle in Brazil. The muscles longissimus lumborum (LL) and psoas major (PM) were collected 24 h post mortem from eight (n=8) Nellore bull carcasses, fabricated into five steaks (1.5-cm) and displayed under aerobic conditions for nine days at 4 °C. Proximate composition and texture profile were analyzed on day 0, whereas protein oxidation was analyzed during 9 days of storage. LL exhibited greater (P<0.05) protein concentration than PM steaks, whereas PM demonstrated greater (P<0.05) lipid and ash content than their correlative LL. In addition, LL steaks exhibited greater (P<0.05) hardness, springiness, cohesiveness and chewiness than PM steaks. In contrast, protein oxidation was greater (P<0.05) in PM than in LL steaks throughout the storage. The results suggest that the differences of muscle metabolism and composition contributed to the variation on biochemical attributes and texture profile of LL and PM steaks. Muscle-specific strategies are indicated to improve the color stability of PM steaks from grain-finished Bos indicus cattle.

The Relationship Between Dysploidy and Reproductive Capacity in Myrtaceae

1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 829 ◽  
Author(s):  
BL Rye ◽  
SH James
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Arid Zones ◽  
Selection Systems ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Base Chromosome Number ◽  
The Relationship

Australian Myrtaceae show a positive correlation between base chromosome number and reproductive capacity. There is some evidence of a similar trend in other Australian plant families. Reduced chromosome numbers in the Myrtaceae arose in lineages with critically reduced reproductive capacities, occurring mainly in small shrub species with four or fewer ovules per flower and one seed per fruit or per fruit loculus. Dysploid reduction serves the short-term advantage of ensuring greater genetic uniformity through reduced recombination, therefore resulting in less seed wastage. However, lineages with reduced chromosome numbers (x=5-10) have reduced evolutionary flexibility, as evidenced by their failure to fully penetrate the arid zones, in contrast to the species with the primitive chromosome number or above (x=11 or 12). Trends for decreased ovule and seed numbers have apparently resulted partly from the selection for larger seed size. Among species with more than one ovule per flower but normally only one seed per fruit, there is evidence of physiological and genetic selection systems determining which of the fertilised ovules becomes the seed.

scholarly journals Failure of growth regulation of the lens epithelium in strains of fast-growing chicks

1975 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Clayton
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Regulation ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
High Growth ◽  
High Growth Rate ◽  
Lens Epithelium ◽  
Normal Process ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Lens Fibre ◽  
Selection For

SUMMARYTwo strains of poultry selected for high growth-rate were found to have an anomalous lens morphology indicating a failure of the normal process of growth regulation. The implications for lens fibre differentiation are discussed, as are the implications for genetic selection for growth-rate.

The influence of fibres on the structure of thermally dried sludge product

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 469-473
Author(s):  
Paul Lowe ◽  
Michael Brown ◽  
Kathleen Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Fibre Content ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Secondary Sludge ◽  
Limited Experience ◽  
Apparent Reason ◽  
Drying Technology ◽  
Dried Sludge ◽  
Lower Bulk Density ◽  
The Relationship

There appears to be a limited experience world-wide in the application of thermal drying technology to processing raw undigested sludge. This limited experience has shown that the products from raw sludge processing have a much lower bulk density than those from digested sludge. The apparent reason for this phenomenon demonstrated by this work, is the high concentration of fibres in the raw undigested sludge. Different sludges show varying degrees of fibre concentration with a decrease in fibre content as the proportion of secondary sludge increases. The relationship between the bulk density of the product and the fibre content are given and this shows that as the fibre content increases the bulk density of the product will fall. It is recommended that a compaction/pelletisation stage is included in the process stream for high fibre sludges.

Genetic selection for nonstructural carbohydrates and its impact on other nutritive attributes of alfalfa ( Medicago sativa ) forage

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Claessens ◽  
Marie Bipfubusa ◽  
Caroline Chouinard‐Michaud ◽  
Annick Bertrand ◽  
Gaëtan F. Tremblay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Nonstructural Carbohydrates ◽  
Selection For

Developmental morphology and anatomy of the reproductive structures in sunflower (Helianthus annuus): a unified temporal scale

Botany ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 307-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.I. Lindström ◽  
L.F. Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Developmental Morphology ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Reproductive Structures ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Growing Conditions

In sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), there has been an intense genetic selection for achenes with agronomic value, such as greater mass, oil content, and disease resistance. However, the information regarding the anatomical events that control their growth and maturation is surprisingly scarce. The aim of the present work was to study sunflower male and female sporogenesis and gametogenesis, as well as cell division and enlargement and tissue differentiation in the ovary and the embryo, linking the timing of these events to two frequently used phenological scales and a thermal time scale. In addition, we propose an ontogenetic scale that integrates the results of the present work to that of previous studies on sunflower reproductive development. The unified scales presented here provide a framework for others to investigate the relationships uncovered in this study in different genetic backgrounds and under different growing conditions.

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