scholarly journals Untargeted Metabolomics Reveals a Complex Impact on Different Metabolic Pathways in Scallop Mimachlamys varia (Linnaeus, 1758) after Short-Term Exposure to Copper at Environmental Dose

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 862
Author(s):  
Vincent Hamani ◽  
Pascaline Ory ◽  
Pierre-Edouard Bodet ◽  
Laurence Murillo ◽  
Marianne Graber
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Short Exposure ◽  
Coastal Environments ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
High Level ◽  
Metabolomic Approach

Ports are a good example of how coastal environments, gathering a set of diverse ecosystems, are subjected to pollution factors coming from human activities both on land and at sea. Among them, trace element as copper represents a major factor. Abundant in port ecosystem, copper is transported by runoff water and results from diverse port features (corrosion of structures, fuel, anti-fouling products, etc.). The variegated scallop Mimachlamys varia is common in the Atlantic port areas and is likely to be directly influenced by copper pollution, due to its sessile and filtering lifestyle. Thus, the aim of the present study is to investigate the disruption of the variegated scallop metabolism, under a short exposure (48 h) to a copper concentration frequently encountered in the waters of the largest marina in Europe (82 μg/L). For this, we chose a non-targeted metabolomic approach using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS), offering a high level of sensitivity and allowing the study without a priori of the entire metabolome. We described 28 metabolites clearly modulated by copper. They reflected the action of copper on several biological functions such as osmoregulation, oxidative stress, reproduction and energy metabolism.

scholarly journals Particulated Juvenile Articular Cartilage (PJAC) Allograft for Treatment of Lateral Femoral Condyle defect in High-Performance Athletes

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (6_suppl3) ◽  
pp. 2325967118S0005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriella Bucci ◽  
Michael Begg ◽  
Kevin Pillifant ◽  
Steven B Singleton
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Cartilage Defect ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Femoral Condyle ◽  
Cartilage Lesion ◽  
Lateral Femoral Condyle ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Chondral Defect ◽  
Short Term ◽  
High Level

Background: A relatively new technology for the treatment of high grade articular cartilage lesions is the implantation of particulated articular cartilage obtained from a juvenile allograft donor (PJAC).1-2 Previous studies have reported the ability of juvenile chondrocytes to migrate from cartilage explants after being secured in a cartilage defect.3 There is little in the literature to use as a reference with respect to the use of PJAC for high grade articular cartilage lesion of the lateral femoral condyle after a failure of treatment with a microfracture in the high level athlete. Objective: The aim of this report is to describe the technique of PJAC transplantation for the treatment of chondral lesions of the lateral femoral condyle and to report the short term outcomes in the high performance athlete. Methods: We present a case report of two patients who were treated in our clinic in December 2014. Case 1: 16 year old female Division 1 university soccer player, who one year prior to our index surgery underwent microfractures of a symptomatic lateral femoral condyle articular cartilage lesion without relief. Cae 2: 29 year old male professional tennis player (case 2) with a recurrent, symptomatic chondral defect on the lateral femoral condyle. The player had undergone multiple arthroscopic procedures on the same knee following an injury sustained while playing in the Australian Open, including a surgery 8 months prior to our index operation that had included lateral meniscal tear repair and microfractures. PJAC procedure consists of a minimal debridement and chondroplasty, performed arthroscopically. For these central lateral femoral condyle lesions, a mini-arthrotomy is created along the lateral parapatellar longitudinal axis over a length of about 3 cm. With the chondral defect localized and prepared, a thin fresh layer of fibrin glue is then applied. The PJAC graft is equally distributed in the defect with space in between the fragments so as not over-fill the defect. Then, a new fibrin glue layer is placed to cover the graft. The overall construct remains just below the level of the normal articular surface. The knee is cycled through the range of motion to ensure that the tissue construct is stable. We present images of the cartilage defect after debridement and the allograft implantation procedure. In addition we will submit an instructional video performed on a knee specimen. Results: Outcomes measured were: IKDC, Lysholm, and Tegner knee scores together with arc of motion of the joint. After 28 months follow up, patients had gained complete range of motion and significantly decreased pain. Improvement for each outcome measure used is reported. Conclusions: PJAC transplantation offers pain relief and improved short term outcomes in high level performance athletes. Both of our patients are back to practicing their sport with notable improvement in symptoms. No complications have been noted. Long-term data is not yet available. References: Am J Farr J, Tabet SK, Margerrison E, Cole BJ. Clinical, Radiographic, and Histological Outcomes After Cartilage Repair With Particulated Juvenile Articular Cartilage: A 2-Year Prospective Study. Sports Med. 2014 Jun;42(6):1417-25. Saltzman BM, Lin J, Lee S. Particulated Juvenile Articular Cartilage Allograft Transplantation for Osteochondral Talar Lesions. Cartilage. 2017 Jan;8(1):61-72. Arshi A, Wang D, Jones KJ. Combined Particulated Juvenile Cartilage Allograft Transplantation and Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction for Symptomatic Chondral Defects in the Setting of Recurrent Patellar Instability. Arthrosc Tech. 2016 Oct 10;5(5)

scholarly journals A new attempt to discover the covert recognition of faces

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 45-60
Author(s):  
B.G. Meshcheryakov ◽  
A.I. Nazarov ◽  
L.G. Chesnokova ◽  
D.V. Yushchenkova
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
The One ◽  
Masking Stimulus ◽  
High Level ◽  
Unfamiliar Faces

The article describes an experiment which used a new methodological approach to the study of covert recognition of faces by means of registration electro-dermal activity under short-term exposure of familiar and unfamiliar faces and the backward facelike masking stimulus. In contrast to previous studies the control of stimulus awareness allows us to evaluate not just the correct recognitions, but false alarms too. We used as the familiar faces not faces of the well-known persons, but faces of persons from the inner circle of subjects, including the subject’s own face. We confirmed the hypothesis that the characteristics of the electro-dermal reactions in response to familiar and unfamiliar faces will not be different in subjects with a high level of false alarms. However, for the group of subjects with practically zero false alarm rate and zero discriminability of familiar and unfamiliar faces an analysis of electro-dermal reactions have been mixed. On the one hand, as analysis on a group level showed, nor electrocutaneous reactions frequency, nor their amplitudes were not significantly different for the familiar and unfamiliar faces. On the other hand, it is clearly that these individual median and mean values of the amplitudes of subject's reactions are in average more than 2 times stronger when viewed familiar faces than viewed unfamiliar ones. These results leave a good chance to prove the effect of covert identification of faces in further experimentation with other groups of subjects

scholarly journals Short-Term Exposure to Nature and Benefits for Students’ Cognitive Performance: a Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Mason ◽  
Angelica Ronconi ◽  
Sara Scrimin ◽  
Francesca Pazzaglia
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Short Exposure ◽  
After School ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Educational Levels ◽  
School Activities ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Cognitive Benefits ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThere is growing interest recently in the outdoor environment surrounding schools where students spent time during breaks, in-school activities, and after-school programs. Several reviews have examined the impact of long-term exposures to nearby nature on students’ academic achievement, but none has focused on the effects of short-term contacts with nature on students’ cognitive performance. The aim of this review is to understand the context in which short-term passive exposures to greenness occur, how cognitive performance is measured, and the conditions under which cognitive benefits emerge at various educational levels. We reviewed 14 studies in the extant literature that report investigations involving students at different educational levels, from elementary school to university, in a short exposure to nature lasting from 10 to 90 min during a study day. The review shows that in 12 out of the 14 studies, across educational levels, cognitive benefits emerge in terms of directed attention restoration from mental fatigue due to contact with nature. A no-cost opportunity to sustain students’ cognition is a break in a green environment after mentally demanding activities.

Reactions ofEuglena gracilisto Fluometuron, MSMA, Metribuzin, and Glyphosate

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 619-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Richardson ◽  
R. E. Frans ◽  
R. E. Talbert
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Euglena Gracilis ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
The Other ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Chronic Effects ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
High Level ◽  
Pronounced Reduction

Investigations were conducted onEuglena gracilisKlebs strain Z to determine the effects of fluometuron [1,2-dimethyl-3-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)urea], MSMA (monosodium methanearsonate), glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine], and metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-as-triazin-5(4H)-one] on cell number, chlorophyll content, and photosynthesis. Euglena cell number was reduced by 65% or more after 48 h with fluometuron levels above 4 X 10-5M. MSMA at 6 X 10-4M reduced cell number 42% after 144 h exposure. Chlorophyll content was reduced 33 to 80% by metribuzin levels of 2 X 10-6M or greater, and fluometuron inhibited chlorophyll content by 30% or more from 4 X 10-6M or greater concentrations. Chlorophyll was reduced 21 to 69% by treatment with glyphosate at 3 X 10-3M, but MSMA appeared to have little effect on chlorophyll except at the high level of 6 X 10-4M at 48 h. Photosynthesis was reduced 50% or more with metribuzin levels above 9 X 10-7M and with fluometuron above 9 X 10-5M. MSMA reduced photosynthesis by 20% at the 6 X 10-3M level, and glyphosate slightly reduced photosynthesis at levels below 1.2 X 10-4M but slightly stimulated it above that level. Chronic effects (Euglena exposed to herbicides 96 h prior to measurement) on photosynthesis indicated a more pronounced reduction from fluometuron than from short-term exposure, little change with glyphosate, but less reduction with metribuzin than from short-term exposure. Metribuzin caused increased respiration rates of 100 to 200% after 100 min of exposure. Respiration was stimulated 20% by glyphosate and relatively unaffected by the other compounds. Removal of Euglena from metribuzin- and fluometuron-treated media to non-treated media resulted in increased levels of chlorophyll to near that of the control. These results suggest that use of these herbicides is not detrimental to non-target algae if the exposure is not intensive.

scholarly journals Escherichia Coli Transfer to Food by Fruit Flies during Short Time Exposure

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Ahmet Buyukyavuz ◽  
Eric Benson ◽  
Jinbo Song ◽  
Brittany Ellis ◽  
Inyee Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Short Exposure ◽  
Short Term ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Time Exposure ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Apple Slices ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

Two separate experiments were conducted to determine the transfer of E. coli by fruit flies during short term exposure to apple slices and bologna. Short time exposure (1, 5 and 15 min) of flies to inoculated apple slices were tested in the first experiment to determine the transfer of E. coli to flies. No difference (P≤0.05) in the number of bacteria transferred to flies were found due to these exposure times. In the second experiment the transfer of E. coli from inoculated apple or bologna slices (5 min exposure) to un-inoculated slices (1, 5 and 15 min exposure) were tested. More bacteria were transferred to bologna at 1 and 5 min compared to apple while the number transferred did not differ at 15 min exposure. The percentage of E. coli transferred from inoculated food to flies was low (<0.5%) while the percentage transferred from flies to un-inoculated food was relatively high (>50%). This study found that flies can pick up and transfer bacteria to food in short exposure times. 

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF RISKS TO THE HEALTH OF THE POPULATION FROM AIR BORNE CONTAMINANTS IN CERTAIN AREAS OF MOSCOW (BASED ON THE FINDINGS OF ON-GOING SOCIO-HYGIENIC MONITORING)

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Ivanenko ◽  
Ekaterina V. Sudakova ◽  
S. A. Skvortsov ◽  
E. V. Bestuzheva
Keyword(s):  
Total Mortality ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
External Causes ◽  
High Level ◽  
Combined Impact

There was executed the assessment of carcinogen and non-carcinogen risks for population health in some areas of the western, south-western and south-eastern administrative districts of Moscow under the exposure to air borne contaminants whose levels are kept track by various government agencies as part of the socio-hygienic monitoring. The value of chronic non-carcinogenic risks to the health of the population as measured according to the danger index for the combined impact of average annual concentrations of leading air borne contaminants with unidirectional impacts are at near alarming or high level depending on the location of monitoring outposts while for on-off short term exposure to maximum concentrations the impacts are at alarming or acceptable level. The highest danger indices were detected at outposts located near major motorways and industrial facilities. According to monitoring data collected by all agencies the air borne contaminants pose the highest risk to the respiratory organs due to exposure to formaldehyde, air-borne particles and nitrogen dioxide. The extra deaths resulting from chronic exposure to РМ10, estimated by the Moscow Environmental Monitoring make up about 1% of the total mortality rate without bearing in mind of external causes for the population residing in the western, south western and south eastern administrative districts. The total individual carcinogenic risks resulting from the exposure to average annual concentration of a number of carcinogens was found to be between the acceptable and alarming levels. The leading compound contributing to the increased carcinogenic risk is formaldehyde.

scholarly journals Global-Scale Metabolomic Profiling of Human Hair for Simultaneous Monitoring of Endogenous Metabolome, Short- and Long-Term Exposome

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Chen ◽  
Jian Guo ◽  
Shipei Xing ◽  
Huaxu Yu ◽  
Tao Huan
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Endogenous Metabolites ◽  
The Impact

Hair is a unique biological matrix that adsorbs short-term exposures (e. g., environmental contaminants and personal care products) on its surface and also embeds endogenous metabolites and long-term exposures in its matrix. In this work, we developed an untargeted metabolomics workflow to profile both temporal exposure chemicals and endogenous metabolites in the same hair sample. This analytical workflow begins with the extraction of short-term exposures from hair surfaces through washing. Further development of mechanical homogenization extracts endogenous metabolites and long-term exposures from the cleaned hair. Both solutions of hair wash and hair extract were analyzed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS)-based metabolomics for global-scale metabolic profiling. After analysis, raw data were processed using bioinformatic programs recently developed specifically for exposome research. Using optimized experimental conditions, we detected a total of 10,005 and 9,584 metabolic features from hair wash and extraction samples, respectively. Among them, 274 and 276 features can be definitively confirmed by MS2 spectral matching against spectral library, and an additional 3,356 and 3,079 features were tentatively confirmed as biotransformation metabolites. To demonstrate the performance of our hair metabolomics, we collected hair samples from three female volunteers and tested their hair metabolic changes before and after a 2-day exposure exercise. Our results show that 645 features from wash and 89 features from extract were significantly changed from the 2-day exposure. Altogether, this work provides a novel analytical approach to study the hair metabolome and exposome at a global scale, which can be implemented in a wide range of biological applications for a deeper understanding of the impact of environmental and genetic factors on human health.

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