scholarly journals Obesogens in Children—An Uncharted Territory

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 882
Author(s):  
Mirjam Močnik ◽  
Nataša Marčun Varda
Keyword(s):  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Mutual Effect ◽  
Chemical Exposure ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Current Opinion ◽  
Organochlorinated Pesticides ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Perfluorinated Alkyl Substances ◽  
Existing Data

Obesogens are exogenous chemicals belonging to the group of endocrine-disrupting chemicals and are believed to interfere in obesity development. In children, several chemicals are under investigation, most commonly bisphenol A, phthalates, perfluorinated alkyl substances, and persistent organic pollutants, including organochlorinated pesticides, tributyltin, polychlorinated biphenyls and dioxins. Several associations have been studied between chemical exposure in utero and postnatally. Current opinion among researchers indicates that the obesogen theory is very likely; however, limited published studies show inconsistent support for the obesogenic effects of most substances in children and are limited by difficulty in providing the exact mechanisms of action, nor is their mutual effect in humans known, let alone in children. Existing data indicate that we have only scratched the surface and have much more to learn about obesogens. Hopefully, in the future, more information will provide an opportunity for policy makers to take action and protect public health.

Environmental exposures to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and their role in endometriosis: a systematic literature review

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diksha Sirohi ◽  
Ruqaiya Al Ramadhani ◽  
Luke D. Knibbs
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Phthalate Esters ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Environmental Chemicals ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Organochlorinated Pesticides ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractPurposeEndocrine-related diseases and disorders are on the rise globally. Synthetically produced environmental chemicals (endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs)) mimic hormones like oestrogen and alter signalling pathways. Endometriosis is an oestrogen-dependent condition, affecting 10–15% of women of the reproductive age, and has substantial impacts on the quality of life. The aetiology of endometriosis is believed to be multifactorial, ranging from genetic causes to immunologic dysfunction due to environmental exposure to EDCs. Hence, we undertook a systematic review and investigated the epidemiological evidence for an association between EDCs and the development of endometriosis. We also aimed to assess studies on the relationship between body concentration of EDCs and the severity of endometriosis.MethodFollowing PRISMA guidelines, a structured search of PubMed, Embase and Scopus was conducted (to July 2018). The included studies analysed the association between one or more EDCs and the prevalence of endometriosis. The types of EDCs, association and outcome, participant characteristics and confounding variables were extracted and analysed. Quality assessment was performed using standard criteria.ResultsIn total, 29 studies were included. Phthalate esters were positively associated with the prevalence of endometriosis. The majority (71%) of studies revealed a significant association between bisphenol A, organochlorinated environmental pollutants (dioxins, dioxin-like compounds, organochlorinated pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls) and the prevalence of endometriosis. A positive association between copper, chromium and prevalence of endometriosis was demonstrated in one study only. Cadmium, lead and mercury were not associated with the prevalence of endometriosis. There were conflicting results for the association between nickel and endometriosis. The relationship of EDCs and severity of endometriosis was not established in the studies.ConclusionWe found some evidence to suggest an association between phthalate esters, bisphenol A, organochlorinated environmental pollutants and the prevalence of endometriosis. Disentangling these exposures from various other factors that affect endometriosis is complex, but an important topic for further research.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of action of agrochemicals acting as endocrine disrupting chemicals

2020 ◽  
Vol 502 ◽  
pp. 110680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Genoa R. Warner ◽  
Vasiliki E. Mourikes ◽  
Alison M. Neff ◽  
Emily Brehm ◽  
Jodi A. Flaws
Keyword(s):  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting

scholarly journals Discovery of common chemical exposures across three continents using silicone wristbands

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 181836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly M. Dixon ◽  
Georgina Armstrong ◽  
Michael Barton ◽  
Alan J. Bergmann ◽  
Melissa Bondy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Chemical Exposure ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Chemical Exposures ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
Exploratory Investigation ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Data Points

To assess differences and trends in personal chemical exposure, volunteers from 14 communities in Africa (Senegal, South Africa), North America (United States (U.S.)) and South America (Peru) wore 262 silicone wristbands. We analysed wristband extracts for 1530 unique chemicals, resulting in 400 860 chemical data points. The number of chemical detections ranged from 4 to 43 per wristband, with 191 different chemicals detected, and 1339 chemicals were not detected in any wristband. No two wristbands had identical chemical detections. We detected 13 potential endocrine disrupting chemicals in over 50% of all wristbands and found 36 chemicals in common between chemicals detected in three geographical wristband groups (Africa, North America and South America). U.S. children (less than or equal to 11 years) had the highest percentage of flame retardant detections compared with all other participants. Wristbands worn in Texas post-Hurricane Harvey had the highest mean number of chemical detections (28) compared with other study locations (10–25). Consumer product-related chemicals and phthalates were a high percentage of chemical detections across all study locations (36–53% and 18–42%, respectively). Chemical exposures varied among individuals; however, many individuals were exposed to similar chemical mixtures. Our exploratory investigation uncovered personal chemical exposure trends that can help prioritize certain mixtures and chemical classes for future studies.

scholarly journals A restatement of the natural science evidence base on the effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals on wildlife

2019 ◽  
Vol 286 (1897) ◽  
pp. 20182416 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Charles J. Godfray ◽  
Andrea E. A. Stephens ◽  
Paul D. Jepson ◽  
Susan Jobling ◽  
Andrew C. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Natural Science ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Potential Harm ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Wildlife Populations ◽  
Science Evidence

Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are substances that alter the function of the endocrine system and consequently cause adverse effects to humans or wildlife. The release of particular EDCs into the environment has been shown to negatively affect certain wildlife populations and has led to restrictions on the use of some EDCs. Current chemical regulations aim to balance the industrial, agricultural and/or pharmaceutical benefits of using these substances with their demonstrated or potential harm to human health or the environment. A summary is provided of the natural science evidence base informing the regulation of chemicals released into the environment that may have endocrine disrupting effects on wildlife. This summary is in a format (a ‘restatement’) intended to be policy-neutral and accessible to informed, but not expert, policy-makers and stakeholders.

scholarly journals Chemicals Denial—A Challenge to Science and Policy

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 4785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikael Karlsson
Keyword(s):  
Research Agenda ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Goal Achievement ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Science And Policy ◽  
Scientific Exploration ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Chemicals Policy ◽  
State Of The Environment

Much research shows that science denial regarding climate change is widespread and problematic for science and scientists, as well as for policy-makers. Climate denial delays goal achievement. As shown in this article, science denial commonly occurs also in the field of chemicals assessment and policy, but the research on the topic is scarce. The peer-reviewed studies that exist mostly concern a limited number of specific cases, such as DDT, CFCs and endocrine disrupting chemicals. The characteristics of ‘chemicals denial’ show similarity with those of climate denial, including reliance on fake experts, cherry-picked facts and attacks on scientists, with a key aspect being the questioning of causal relationships. Considering the gaps between chemicals policy goals and the state of the environment, further scientific exploration in the field is needed. Developing a better coordinated research agenda and a common terminology are therefore warranted strategies. A key concept in such endeavors could be ‘chemicals denial’.

Development of a Data Visualization Tool for Occupational Exposure to Chemicals of Concern for Breast Cancer Among California Working Women, 2010–2014

2021 ◽  
pp. 104829112110329
Author(s):  
Stella Beckman ◽  
Elana Silver ◽  
Justine L. Weinberg ◽  
Susan Hurley ◽  
Matt Frederick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Working Women ◽  
Chemical Exposure ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Informal Workers ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Data Gaps ◽  
Employed Women

We identified the occupations that employ California women and a list of chemicals of concern for breast cancer. We evaluated the likelihood of on-the-job exposure to the categories of chemicals by occupation among formally and informally employed women. We selected 145 occupations representing more than 6.6 million women (85% of California working women), along with an additional sixteen occupations for informal workers only. We organized 1012 chemicals (including mammary gland carcinogens, developmental toxicants, and endocrine-disrupting chemicals) into twenty-five categories. More than 80 percent of occupations investigated had possible or probable exposure to at least one category of chemicals. This is the first categorization of occupational exposure to chemicals of concern for breast cancer among California working women. Our investigation revealed significant data gaps, which could be improved by policy changes resulting in enhanced collection of data on occupation and chemical exposure.

scholarly journals Differential susceptibility to endocrine disruptor-induced epimutagenesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jake D Lehle ◽  
John R McCarrey
Keyword(s):  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Differential Susceptibility ◽  
Chemical Exposure ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemical ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Cell Type Specific ◽  
Available Information

Abstract There is now considerable evidence indicating the potential for endocrine disrupting chemicals to alter the epigenome and for subsets of these epigenomic changes or “epimutations” to be heritably transmitted to offspring in subsequent generations. While there have been many studies indicating how exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals can disrupt various organs associated with the body’s endocrine systems, there is relatively limited information regarding the relative susceptibility of different specific organs, tissues, or cell types to endocrine disrupting chemical-induced epimutagenesis. Here we review available information about different organs, tissues, cell types, and/or cell lines which have been shown to be susceptible to specific endocrine disrupting chemical-induced epimutations. In addition, we discuss possible mechanisms that may be involved, or impacted by this tissue- or cell type-specific, differential susceptibility to different endocrine disrupting chemicals. Finally, we summarize available information indicating that certain periods of development display elevated susceptibility to endocrine disrupting chemical exposure and we describe how this may affect the extent to which germline epimutations can be transmitted inter- or transgenerationally. We conclude that cell type-specific differential susceptibility to endocrine disrupting chemical-induced epimutagenesis is likely to directly impact the extent to, or manner in, which endocrine disrupting chemical exposure initially induces epigenetic changes to DNA methylation and/or histone modifications, and how these endocrine disrupting chemical-induced epimutations can then subsequently impact gene expression, potentially leading to the development of heritable disease states.

scholarly journals Overview of the Mechanisms of Action of Selected Bisphenols and Perfluoroalkyl Chemicals on the Male Reproductive Axes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Ješeta ◽  
Jana Navrátilová ◽  
Kateřina Franzová ◽  
Sandra Fialková ◽  
Bartozs Kempisty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endocrine Disruptors ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Male Reproduction ◽  
Human Reproduction ◽  
Testicular Development ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting

Male fertility has been deteriorating worldwide for considerable time, with the greatest deterioration recorded mainly in the United States, Europe countries, and Australia. That is, especially in countries where an abundance of chemicals called endocrine disruptors has repeatedly been reported, both in the environment and in human matrices. Human exposure to persistent and non-persistent chemicals is ubiquitous and associated with endocrine-disrupting effects. This group of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC) can act as agonists or antagonists of hormone receptors and can thus significantly affect a number of physiological processes. It can even negatively affect human reproduction with an impact on the development of gonads and gametogenesis, fertilization, and the subsequent development of embryos. The negative effects of endocrine disruptors on sperm gametogenesis and male fertility in general have been investigated and repeatedly demonstrated in experimental and epidemiological studies. Male reproduction is affected by endocrine disruptors via their effect on testicular development, impact on estrogen and androgen receptors, potential epigenetic effect, production of reactive oxygen species or direct effect on spermatozoa and other cells of testicular tissue. Emerging scientific evidence suggests that the increasing incidence of male infertility is associated with the exposure to persistent and non-persistent endocrine-disrupting chemicals such as bisphenols and perfluoroalkyl chemicals (PFAS). These chemicals may impact men’s fertility through various mechanisms. This study provides an overview of the mechanisms of action common to persistent (PFAS) and nonpersistent (bisphenols) EDC on male fertility.

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