scholarly journals Bacterial Succession during Vermicomposting of Silver Wattle (Acacia dealbata Link)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Daniela Rosado ◽  
Marcos Pérez-Losada ◽  
Manuel Aira ◽  
Jorge Domínguez
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Sequence Variants ◽  
Eisenia Andrei ◽  
Acacia Dealbata ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Bacterial Succession ◽  
Waste Degradation ◽  
Functional Profiles

Vermicomposting is the process of organic waste degradation through interactions between earthworms and microbes. A variety of organic wastes can be vermicomposted, producing a nutrient-rich final product that can be used as a soil biofertilizer. Giving the prolific invasive nature of the Australian silver wattle Acacia dealbata Link in Europe, it is important to find alternatives for its sustainable use. However, optimization of vermicomposting needs further comprehension of the fundamental microbial processes. Here, we characterized bacterial succession during the vermicomposting of silver wattle during 56 days using the earthworm species Eisenia andrei. We observed significant differences in α- and β-diversity between fresh silver wattle (day 0) and days 14 and 28, while the bacterial community seemed more stable between days 28 and 56. Accordingly, during the first 28 days, a higher number of taxa experienced significant changes in relative abundance. A microbiome core composed of 10 amplicon sequence variants was identified during the vermicomposting of silver wattle (days 14 to 56). Finally, predicted functional profiles of genes involved in cellulose metabolism, nitrification, and salicylic acid also changed significantly during vermicomposting. This study, hence, provides detailed insights of the bacterial succession occurring during vermicomposting of the silver wattle and the characteristics of its final product as a sustainable plant biofertilizer.

scholarly journals Broadscale Ecological Patterns Are Robust to Use of Exact Sequence Variants versus Operational Taxonomic Units

mSphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sydney I. Glassman ◽  
Jennifer B. H. Martiny
Keyword(s):  
Exact Sequence ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Marker Gene ◽  
Large Field ◽  
Sequence Variants ◽  
Validity Of Results ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Sequencing Technologies ◽  
Β Diversity

ABSTRACTRecent discussion focuses on the best method for delineating microbial taxa, based on either exact sequence variants (ESVs) or traditional operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of marker gene sequences. We sought to test if the binning approach (ESVs versus 97% OTUs) affected the ecological conclusions of a large field study. The data set included sequences targeting all bacteria (16S rRNA) and fungi (internal transcribed spacer [ITS]), across multiple environments diverging markedly in abiotic conditions, over three collection times. Despite quantitative differences in microbial richness, we found that all α and β diversity metrics were highly positively correlated (r> 0.90) between samples analyzed with both approaches. Moreover, the community composition of the dominant taxa did not vary between approaches. Consequently, statistical inferences were nearly indistinguishable. Furthermore, ESVs only moderately increased the genetic resolution of fungal and bacterial diversity (1.3 and 2.1 times OTU richness, respectively). We conclude that for broadscale (e.g., all bacteria or all fungi) α and β diversity analyses, ESV or OTU methods will often reveal similar ecological results. Thus, while there are good reasons to employ ESVs, we need not question the validity of results based on OTUs.IMPORTANCEMicrobial ecologists have made exceptional improvements in our understanding of microbiomes in the last decade due to breakthroughs in sequencing technologies. These advances have wide-ranging implications for fields ranging from agriculture to human health. Due to limitations in databases, the majority of microbial ecology studies use a binning approach to approximate taxonomy based on DNA sequence similarity. There remains extensive debate on the best way to bin and approximate this taxonomy. Here we examine two popular approaches using a large field-based data set examining both bacteria and fungi and conclude that there are not major differences in the ecological outcomes. Thus, it appears that standard microbial community analyses are not overly sensitive to the particulars of binning approaches.

scholarly journals Resíduos Pecuários: uma Avaliação em Indústria de Alimentos do Município de Bauru-SP

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Paiva de Carvalho ◽  
Lilian Cristiane Pisano
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Animal Waste ◽  
Aquatic Biota ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Waste Effluents ◽  
Environmentally Sound ◽  
Waste Toxicity

Diferentes estudos, realizados por diversas áreas, indicam que os resíduos orgânicos gerados nas atividades pecuárias causam impactos ao meio ambiente. O alto índice de gases poluentes, emitidos pelos dejetos de animais, potencializa o efeito estufa, intensifica os fenômenos meteorológicos e contribui para as alterações climáticas. Efluentes gerados nas atividades pecuárias contêm altos níveis de contaminantes, alterando as propriedades da água, comprometendo a biota aquática, rios e solo. A recuperação de efluentes e resíduos orgânicos promove o uso sustentável dos recursos naturais, entretanto o seu mau uso e desperdício compromete sua conservação. Na busca de diminuir a toxidade dos dejetos, empresas geradoras de resíduos focam em atingir padrões para o descarte, desconsiderando a qualificação de profissionais e novas técnicas, que possibilitem a recuperação e reciclagem dos resíduos orgânicos. No presente estudo, foi observado que embora a empresa atenda aos padrões no controle do lançamento de poluentes, há carência em estratégias que levem o aumento da reutilização, ambientalmente saudável, dos resíduos gerados. Notou-se um baixo nível de tecnologia aplicada na recuperação de efluentes. Sendo assim, o objetivo do estudo é propor melhorias no manejo e destinação dos resíduos orgânicos pecuários. Espera-se despertar a importância em desenvolver melhorias nas ações existentes relacionadas à conscientização ambiental.Palavras-chave: Resíduos. Impactos Ambientais. Manejo. Conscientização.AbstractDifferent studies in several areas indicate that the organic waste generated in farming activities cause environmental impacts. The high rate of polluting gases emitted by animal waste potentiate the greenhouse effect, intensify the meteorological phenomena and contribute to climate change. Effluent generated in livestock activities contain high contaminant levels changing the properties of water, affecting aquatic biota, rivers and soil. The recovery of organic waste effluents promotes sustainable use of natural resources, but its misuse and waste undermines conservation. In seeking to reduce the waste toxicity, waste-generating companies focus on achieving standards for the disposal disregarding the professionals’ qualification and new techniques that allow the recovery and recycling of organic waste. In this study, it was observed that although the company complies witth standards regarding the pollutants launch control they lack strategies that lead to an increase in reusing environmentally sound the waste generated. It was noted a low level of technology applied in the effluents recovery. Thus, the objective of the study is to propose improvements in the management and disposal of livestock organic waste. It is expected to awaken the importance of developing improvements to existing actions related to environmental awareness.Keywords: Waste. Environmental impacts. Management. Awareness.

scholarly journals Screening and Isolation of Cellulolytic Bacteria from Gut of Black Soldier Flays Larvae (Hermetia illucens) Feeding with Rice Straw

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 314
Author(s):  
Ateng Supriyatna ◽  
Ukit Ukit
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Methyl Cellulose ◽  
Biology Education ◽  
Exponential Phase ◽  
Cellulolytic Activity ◽  
Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽  
Isolation Method ◽  
Hermetia Illucens ◽  
Waste Degradation

<p>A research on screening and isolation of cellulolytic bacteria from the gut of larvae Black Soldier treated rice straw feed has been conducted. The purpose of this study is to get the type of cellulolytic bacteria from the gut of larvae and bacteria that have the highest potential to degrade cellulose. Screening and isolation method applied by using intestinal larvae obtained from larval gut vortex at a speed of 1500 rpm. Furthermore, dilution graded from 1 to 10 and grown in media CMC (carboxyl methyl cellulose) at 37 <sup>0</sup>C and incubated for 48 hours. Observations were made based on the characteristics of the microscopic, macroscopic, biochemical test, cellulolytic activity and the activity of cellulase enzymes selected bacteria. The results showed a 9 cellulolytic bacteria from the gut of the larvae. <em>Bacillus </em>sp. is a bacteria that have the highest potential with cellulolitic activity 2.1 mm (dz/dk), the exponential phase of hour at the 24<sup>th</sup>, and cellulase enzyme activity of 0.4 U/mL at pH 7 and 0.41 U/mL at pH 8.This research showed that the Black Soldier Flays Larvae (<em>Hermetia illucens</em>) have competencein organic waste degradation, because in Black Soldier Flays<em> Larvae’s</em> gut, cellulolitic enzyme is produced by cellulolitic bacteria, specially <em>Bacillus </em>sp,</p><p><strong>How to Cite</strong></p><p>Supriyatna, A., &amp; Ukit, U. (2016). Screening and Isolation of Cellulolytic Bacteria from Gut of Black Soldier Flays Larvae (<em>Hermetia illucens</em>) Feeding with Rice Straw. <em>Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology &amp; Biology Education</em>, 8(3), 314-320. </p>

scholarly journals Isolation of Cellulose Degradation Bacteria (CDB) from acid soil as a potential candidate of organic waste degradation

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-35
Author(s):  
Eri Samah
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Growth Curve ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Cellulose Degradation ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Clear Zone ◽  
Waste Degradation

Background: The study aimed to obtain CDB with high degraded activities, determined growth curve, protein content, and cellulase maximum activity (exoglucanase and endoglucanase). Method:  The cellulose activity calculated according to Miller (1959), protein content was measured by Bradford method with bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a standardize protein. Result: Six isolates of CDB were found as potential degradation of organic waste (Km25, Sr75, Jm, U6, G8, and Km13). Growth curve, protein level, and protein maximum activity occurred on day-3. The largest diameter of clear zone of six isolates was Km25, Sr75, Jm, U6, G8, and Km13 (3.32, 3.31, 2.41, 2.36, 2.19, and 2.04 mm, respectively). Endoglucanase and exoglucanase maximum activity were 0.011-0.402 IU/mL and 0.0028-0.155 IU/mL, respectively. Conclusion: Six isolates showed high activities of cellulase with diameter of clear zone ≥ 2 cm (Km25, Sr75, Jm, U6, G8, and Km13). Growth maximum curve was on day-3. Highest endo- and exoglucanase activities were on day-3 (0.402 IU/mL and 0.155 IU/mL, respectively) in Jm isolate. Keywords: Identification, degradation, clear zones, cellulase.

scholarly journals Development of Bacterial Consortia for Solid Waste Degradation and its Use as Organic Manure

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suparna Deepak
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Microbial Consortia ◽  
Solid Waste Disposal ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Bacterial Consortia ◽  
Organic Solid ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Waste Degradation

Solid waste disposal has become a big concern all over the world. Almost 50% of the municipal waste collected daily, especially in the metropolitan cities where the population is very high, consists of organic solid waste. This organic waste left in the open dumping grounds results in stench and contamination of groundwater. The present study aims to find out the utilization of effective microbial consortia for decomposing the organic waste. Different garbage samples was collected from Panvel area for isolating the effective organic waste degrading organisms. These strains were characterized by microscopic observations and biochemical tests. Their cellulolytic, proteolytic, amylolytic and lipoolytic activities were evaluated. Depending on these enzyme activities, different consortia were prepared and their efficacy in reduction, maturity and deodorization of organic waste was compared. The plant growth promoting effect of this degraded waste on Triticum aestivum (wheat) and Zea mays (maize) was evaluated. 5 Different Microbial Consortium was developed. Microbial consortia increased the efficacy of composting as compared to control. Consortia no. 1 and 5 showed better degrading ability. Consortia 4 and 5 facilitated the best growth for Wheat and Maize respectively. Consortia 2 showed the best result in terms of germination and growth for both wheat and maize

scholarly journals Karakteristik dan Potensi Enzimatis Bakteri Asal Tanah Sampah Dapur dan Kotoran Ternak sebagai Kandidat Agen Biodegradasi Sampah Organik

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Taruna Dwi Satwika ◽  
Dwiana Muflihah Yulianti ◽  
Arif Rahman Hikam
Keyword(s):  
Organic Waste ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Cellulolytic Activity ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Kitchen Waste ◽  
Proteolytic Activities ◽  
Waste Degradation ◽  
Screening Result ◽  
Selection Of

Composting is an alternative for recycling organic waste. Microorganisms that can degrade the components of organic waste are an essential part of composting. Isolation and selection of bacteria with the ability to degrade the elements of organic waste are the first steps to obtain an organic waste degrading agent. This study aimed to determine the characteristics and the enzymatic potential (cellulolytic, amylolytic, and proteolytic) of bacteria isolated from soil, cow dung and kitchen waste as candidates for organic waste degradation agents. The research begins with sampling and isolation of bacteria. The isolates obtained were tested qualitatively for their amylolytic, cellulolytic and proteolytic activities. Furthermore, bacterial isolates were characterized morphologically and biochemically. A total of 30 bacterial isolates were isolated from soil samples, cow dung and kitchen waste. The screening result showed that 6 isolates had amylolytic activity, 7 isolates had cellulolytic activity and 3 isolates had proteolytic activity. These bacterial isolates showed various morphological and biochemical characteristics. In general, soil samples, kitchen waste and cow dung contain potential bacteria as organic waste degrading agents

Occurrence of Carbon Monoxide during Organic Waste Degradation

2006 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 575-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ketil Haarstad ◽  
Ove Bergersen ◽  
Roald Sørheim
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Waste Degradation

scholarly journals VERMICOMPOSTING AT SCHOOL: A SUSTAINABLE ALTERNATIVE FOR SOLID ORGANIC WASTE DISPOSAL

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edson José MAZAROTTO ◽  
Cristiane Bezerra SILVA
Keyword(s):  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Eisenia Andrei

Diante da grande quantidade de lixo gerado diariamente e a sua destinação irregular, surge à preocupação de como lidar com estes resíduos de modo sustentável, que possa trazer benefícios não só para o meio ambiente como para a população. Neste contexto aplica-se a técnica da vermicompostagem, uma forma de transformar os resíduos orgânicos, que compõe a maior parte do lixo que produzimos, em húmus. Para realização da vermicompostagem, foram utilizados baldes plásticos que seriam descartados, minhocas da espécie Eisenia andrei e resíduos gerados na cantina da escola. Foi ministrada uma aula teórica inicialmente para nivelar o conhecimento dos alunos, em seguida foi realizada a prática, onde foi possível observar a forma correta de montagem e manutenção do vermicompostor. Os alunos foram avaliados pela resolução de um questionário antes e após as aulas. Os dados obtidos demonstraram o entendimento dos alunos quanto ao que é lixo, diferenças entre compostagem e vermicompostagem, o que pode ser compostado pelas minhocas e as vantagens da utilização da vermicompostagem. A utilização de ferramentas diferenciadas para o ensino, como recurso multimídia e aulas práticas, estimula os alunos a uma percepção mais ampla do conteúdo, facilitando seu aprendizado e formação do conhecimento científico, colaborando para que busque uma nova forma de agir frente aos temas abordados e se tratando de reciclagem, mudando suas práticas de separação de lixo e utilização em vermicompostagem.

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