Monitoring Macan Tutul Jawa (Panthera pardus melas Cuvier, 1809) dengan Kamera Trap di Cagar Alam Nusakambangan Timur Kabupaten Cilacap, Provinsi Jawa Tengah

Monitoring of the existence of the Javan Leopard (Panthera pardus melas) in the Nusakambangan Timur Nature Reserve, Cilacap Regency, has been carried out in July-November 2020. Monitoring is carried out using the method of collecting signs of animal presence and installing camera traps. Photos / videos caught on camera traps are counted on the encounter rate. The monitoring results obtained 97 videos which were divided into 6 videos of P.p. melas, 15 videos of wild boar (Sus scrofa), 1 video of mouse deer (Tragulus javanicus), 2 videos of mountain squirrels (Tupaia montana), 1 video of mice (Apodemus sp.) 20 videos of human activities, and 47 videos of non detection. The result of the Encounter Rate calculation shows the result of P.p. melas 4.44 / 100 days; wild boar 11.85 / 100 days; Squirrels 1.48 / 100 days; rats and mouse deer 0.74 / 100 days, respectively. Meanwhile, for the trail of P.p. melas found 2 impurities.

Pemeriksaan Cemaran Kapang Pada Udara Dan Pakaian Santri Di Salah Satu Pondok Pesantren Surabaya Timur

Dormitory is a place for student who built in various small scales to a very large scale. Of the many dormitory residents with bad space such as lack of ventilation and incoming sunlight, the large number of scattered students' clothes causes the room to become damp. The presence of air mold is caused by the lack of ventilation as well as the humidity of the room environment in the dormitory which can cause several diseases, one of which is ARI. The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not there is mold contamination on air in the room and clothes of the students at one of the Islamic boarding schools in East Surabaya. This type of research is descriptive. The sample used is air in several dormitory rooms at one of the Islamic boarding schools in East Surabaya. This research method uses the isolation technique of Sabauraud Dextose Agar (SDA) media which is partially opened and then placed in several rooms in this Islamic boarding school. Second, 30 samples of clothes were taken randomly from students from different disciplines and then scratched on SDA media. In the results of macroscopic observations, of the 30 sampled rooms. Microscopic colonies of cotton taken from the media showed positive results for hyphae, mycellium, spores, and conidiospores. The results obtained were positive there were Aspergillus sp. with the percentage was 100% while the results of the students' clothing swabs, from 30 clothing samples found 80% positive for mold contamination.

Kajian Etnosains Pada Potensi Penggunaan Saliva untuk Penyembuhan Luka Ringan di Lampung

Traditional medicine is the local wisdom of the Indonesian people. The people of the Jaya Sakti area of Central Lampung use saliva as a medicine to heal minor wounds. This study aims to determine the potential use of saliva in healing minor wounds. This study uses the method of observing the community. The results showed that based on the percentage of data from field observations related to the use of saliva for minor injuries in communities around Jayasakti village, Anak Tuha District, Central Lampung Regency, it is known that most people have used saliva to treat minor wounds, while other communities have never used it. or seeing other people use saliva as a remedy for minor wounds. Based on the literature review, the content contained in saliva, especially histatin, plays a major role in improving wound healing by increasing the revitalization phase, especially through increasing keratinocyte migration and proliferation. Besides, people use saliva as a medicine to heal minor wounds because they follow the habits of people who have been passed down from generation to generation and already know the content of saliva that can heal minor wounds, namely histatin and alkaline acids. In conclusion, saliva is effective to use as a wound-healing drug because of the compounds contained in saliva and people's experiences when using it.

Penurunan Kualitas dan Kuantitas Spermatozoa Mencit (Mus musculus L.) Setelah Pemberian Ekstrak Rimpang Rumput Teki ( Cyperus rotundus L.)

The lack of participation of men in family planning programs is due to the limited choice of male contraceptive. Traditional medicinal plants are one of ideal alternative types of male contraception. This study aimed to study the effect of Cyperus rotundus L. rhizome on the quality and quantity of spermatozoa in male mice (Mus musculus L.). Twenty male mice were divided into four treatment groups, namely control group (C0), the dose of teki grass rhizome extract 4.5 mg/40 g BW (C1), the dose of teki grass rhizome extract 45 mg/40 g BW (C2), and the dose of teki grass rhizome extract 135 mg/40 g BW (C3) for 35 days. Parameters measured were the motility, viability, morphology, and concentration of spermatozoa. The data were analyzed for diversity and then further tested using the LSD test with a 5% significance level. The results of the analysis showed that giving teki grass rhizome extract had a significant effect on the motility, viability, morphology, and concentration of spermatozoa. It can be concluded that teki grass rhizome can be used as an alternative male contraception because it can reduce motility, viability, morphology, and spermatozoa concentration.

Karakterisasi Morfologi dan Skrining Fitokimia Ekstrak Umbi dan Daun Tumbuhan Ginseng (Phytolacca octandra L.)

Ginseng plant (Phytolacca octandra L.) is a wild plant that has the potential to be used as medicine. The morphological characteristics of ginseng plants in Indonesia are different. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out research aimed at characterizing the morphology and phytochemical screening of ginseng (P. octandra L.) leaves and tubers. The research was conducted first by observing morphological characters and screening phytochemical compounds such as alkaloid test, flavonoid test, phenol test, tannin test, saponin test, terpenoid test, and steroid test. The results of the research on the morphological characterization of ginseng (P. octandra L.) were: having a taproot which was modified into a tuber, a round, smooth, red color, pointed leaf shape, the base and tip of the leaf were pointed, buni fruit type, round flat, colored blackish-purple when ripe, a compound flower is located at the end of the branch and has flat, round seeds. Ginseng tubers have triterpenoid and saponin compounds, while the leaves only have saponin compounds. The potential development of ginseng (P. octandra L.) is currently limited as traditional medicine by local people. This is due to limited knowledge in its development efforts and unknown phytochemical content.

Karakteristik dan Potensi Enzimatis Bakteri Asal Tanah Sampah Dapur dan Kotoran Ternak sebagai Kandidat Agen Biodegradasi Sampah Organik

Composting is an alternative for recycling organic waste. Microorganisms that can degrade the components of organic waste are an essential part of composting. Isolation and selection of bacteria with the ability to degrade the elements of organic waste are the first steps to obtain an organic waste degrading agent. This study aimed to determine the characteristics and the enzymatic potential (cellulolytic, amylolytic, and proteolytic) of bacteria isolated from soil, cow dung and kitchen waste as candidates for organic waste degradation agents. The research begins with sampling and isolation of bacteria. The isolates obtained were tested qualitatively for their amylolytic, cellulolytic and proteolytic activities. Furthermore, bacterial isolates were characterized morphologically and biochemically. A total of 30 bacterial isolates were isolated from soil samples, cow dung and kitchen waste. The screening result showed that 6 isolates had amylolytic activity, 7 isolates had cellulolytic activity and 3 isolates had proteolytic activity. These bacterial isolates showed various morphological and biochemical characteristics. In general, soil samples, kitchen waste and cow dung contain potential bacteria as organic waste degrading agents

Identifikasi Senyawa Aktif Ekstrak Daun Tembakau (Nicotiana tabacum L.) Sebagai Antibakteri Terhadap S. aureus (ATCC 25923)

Tobacco leaf contains bioactive compounds as antibacterial. Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogenic bacteria causing several infection diseases. The purpose of this study was to identify the active compounds group that have antibacterial against and determine the optimum concentration which was able to inhibit S.aureus ATCC 25923 activity in tobacco leaf extract. The assay of inhibitory activity of tobacco leaf extract was carried out qualitatively using diffusion disc method at various concentration of tobacco leaf extract; 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100%. Gradual maceration (M2) and total maceration were used to perform the extraction process, using methanol 70% and etanol 96% as the solvent. Thin Layer Chromatografi (TLC) assay were carried out to identify the bioactive compounds. The results showed that the methanol (M2) and etanol (E) extract of tobacco leaf had antibacterial avtivity against S.aureus. Their bactericidal activity (inner diameter of inhibition) was 12,5 mm, and bacteriostatic (outer diameter inhibition) was 20 mm. The optimum concentration of antibacterial methanol extract was 50%, and the optimum concentration of antibacterial etanol extract was 60%. It was found that the antibacterial compound was detected as flavonoid and terpenoid.

Diversitas dan Potensi Jamur Lignolitik Asal Seresah Daun

One of the biological agents in the biodegradation of organic waste is fungi. Some fungi have the Lignase enzyme, which can degrade Lignin (one of the main organic waste constituents) into simple sugars. The diversity and potential of organic waste degrading fungi still need much research to obtain potential types of fungi that can be developed in organic waste management. This study aimed to determine the diversity and potential of lignolytic fungi in the biodegradation of organic waste. The research was conducted using a descriptive method to take leaf and soil litter samples, isolate and purify fungi, and test lignolytic potential. Based on the isolation results from leaf litter samples, 16 types of fungal isolates were obtained. The lignolytic potential test was carried out using the Bavendamm method. In screening for potential lignolytic ability using the bavendamm method, 7 isolates were found to be positive. The highest lignolytic activity ratio was SR4BD isolate with a ratio value of 1.9. The results showed that the SR4BD isolate was Fusarium sp.

Peran Silikon dalam Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan dan Kadar Klorofil Padi yang Tercekam Kadmium

<p class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="margin-top: 10.0pt; margin-right: .9pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Cambria, serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">Peningkatan polutan logam berat kadmium (Cd) di persawahan menjadi masalah lingkungan yang serius karena dapat menimbulkan toksisitas dan berakibat pada penurunan pertumbuhan tanaman pangan yang tidak toleran. Gejala toksisitas Cd pada tanaman dapat dikurangi dengan memanfaatkan unsur benefisial seperti silikon (Si). Namun, peran Si dalam mengurangi gejala toksisitas Cd pada padi ‘Cempo Merah’ belum banyak diteliti. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengkaji peran Si dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan kadar klorofil padi ‘Cempo Merah’ yang tercekam logam berat Cd.</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Cambria, serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">Penelitian ini menggunakan desain Rancangan Acak Lengkap 2 Faktorial, yakni perlakuan 3CdSO₄.H₂O_­dan CaSiO₃ (masing-masing dengan konsentrasi 0, 50, dan 100 </span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Cambria','serif';">mg.kg^-1<span style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">tanah), dengan 3 kali ulangan. Data penelitian dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA (analisis sidik ragam) dan uji DMRT (<em>Duncan Multiple Range Test</em>) pada p&lt;0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan Si (100 </span>mg.kg^-1<span style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">tanah) efektif meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan kadar klorofil padi ‘Cempo Merah’ baik dalam kondisi tidak tercekam maupun tercekam logam berat Cd. </span></span></p><p class="E-JournalAbstrakTitleIndo"><em><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Cambria','serif';" lang="IN">Abstract</span></em><em></em><em></em></p><div style="mso-element: frame; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-height-rule: exactly;"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left"><tbody><tr><td style="padding-top: 0cm; padding-right: 9.0pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 9.0pt;" align="left" valign="top"><pre style="text-align: justify; mso-element: frame; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-height-rule: exactly;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-ansi-language: EN;" lang="EN">Increasing cadmium (Cd) in rice fields become a serious environmental problem because it can cause toxicity and decrease the growth of intolerant food crops. These toxicity symptoms can be reduced by utilizing beneficial elements such as silicon (Si). However, its role in rice 'Cempo Merah' has not been much studied. This study aimed to examine the role of Si in increasing the growth and chlorophyll content in the rice ‘Cempo Merah’ under Cd stress. This study used a Complete Randomized Design, two factorials, namely 3CdSO4.H2O and CaSiO₃ (each with 0, 50, and 100 </span></em><span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">mg.kg^-1</span><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-ansi-language: EN;" lang="EN"> of soil concentrations), with 3 replications. The research data were analyzed using ANOVA and Duncan’s test at p &lt;0.05. The results showed that Si (100 </span></em><span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">mg.kg^-1</span><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-ansi-language: EN;" lang="EN">) effectively increased the growth and chlorophyll content in rice both under Cd stress and normal conditions. </span></em><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"></em></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Gisha;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></em></p><p class="E-JournalAbstractBodyEnglish" style="text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Gisha;" lang="IN">Key</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Gisha;" lang="IN">words: </span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">silicon, cadmium, growth, chlorophyll, rice</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; mso-ansi-language: IN;" lang="IN"> </span></p><p class="E-JournalAbstrakTitleIndo"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Cambria','serif';" lang="IN">Abstrak</span></p><p class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="margin-top: 10.0pt; margin-right: .9pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; background: white;">Peningkatan polutan logam berat kadmium (Cd) di persawahan menjadi masalah lingkungan yang serius karena dapat menimbulkan toksisitas dan berakibat pada penurunan pertumbuhan tanaman pangan yang tidak toleran. Gejala toksisitas Cd pada tanaman dapat dikurangi dengan memanfaatkan unsur benefisial seperti silikon (Si). Namun, peran Si dalam mengurangi gejala toksisitas Cd pada padi ‘Cempo Merah’ belum banyak diteliti. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengkaji peran Si dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan kadar klorofil padi ‘Cempo Merah’ yang tercekam logam berat Cd.</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; background: white;">Penelitian ini menggunakan desain Rancangan Acak Lengkap 2 Faktorial, yakni perlakuan 3CdSO₄.H₂O_­dan CaSiO₃ (masing-masing dengan konsentrasi 0, 50, dan 100 </span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Cambria','serif';">mg.kg^-1<span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; background: white;">tanah), dengan 3 kali ulangan. Data penelitian dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA (analisis sidik ragam) dan uji DMRT (<em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Duncan Multiple Range Test</em>) pada p&lt;0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan Si (100 </span>mg.kg^-1<span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; background: white;">tanah) efektif meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan kadar klorofil padi ‘Cempo Merah’ baik dalam kondisi tidak tercekam maupun tercekam logam berat Cd. </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Gisha;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Cambria','serif';">Kata kunci: silikon, kadmium, pertumbuhan, padi</span></p>

Catatan Marga Centratherum (Asteraceae: Vernonieae) di Pulau Jawa

Suku Asteraceae merupakan suku dengan jumlah jenis tertinggi dan perawakan bervariasi. Sebanyak ± 30.000 jenis tersebar di dunia dan 150 marga diantaranya tersebar di kawasan Malesia. Jenis-jenis Asteraceae di Pulau Jawa tercatat dalam buku <em>Flora of Java</em> Jilid 2. Namun, dalam beberapa tahun terakhir terdapat beberapa jenis yang belum tercatat dalam <em>Flora of Java</em> telah ditemukan di Jawa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap jenis tumbuhan rekaman baru untuk melengkapi penyusunan buku <em>Alien Flora of Java</em>. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode jelajah pada Maret 2019 hingga Agustus 2020 di beberapa lokasi di Pulau Jawa. Terdapat satu jenis tumbuhan rekaman baru dari suku Asteraceae yakni <em>Centratherum punctatum </em>di Desa Galonggor Bogor dan Jatinangor yang telah ditemukan tumbuh meliar dan belum tercatat sebelumnya dalam <em>Flora of Java</em>. Jenis ini menambah data anggota <em>Centratherum</em> yang terdapat di Jawa. Pendugaan asal, penyebab meliar, pemanfaatan, serta kandungan kimia jenis ini dipaparkan di dalam tulisan.