Occurrence of Carbon Monoxide during Organic Waste Degradation

2006 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 575-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ketil Haarstad ◽  
Ove Bergersen ◽  
Roald Sørheim
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Waste Degradation

scholarly journals Screening and Isolation of Cellulolytic Bacteria from Gut of Black Soldier Flays Larvae (Hermetia illucens) Feeding with Rice Straw

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 314
Author(s):  
Ateng Supriyatna ◽  
Ukit Ukit
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Methyl Cellulose ◽  
Biology Education ◽  
Exponential Phase ◽  
Cellulolytic Activity ◽  
Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽  
Isolation Method ◽  
Hermetia Illucens ◽  
Waste Degradation

<p>A research on screening and isolation of cellulolytic bacteria from the gut of larvae Black Soldier treated rice straw feed has been conducted. The purpose of this study is to get the type of cellulolytic bacteria from the gut of larvae and bacteria that have the highest potential to degrade cellulose. Screening and isolation method applied by using intestinal larvae obtained from larval gut vortex at a speed of 1500 rpm. Furthermore, dilution graded from 1 to 10 and grown in media CMC (carboxyl methyl cellulose) at 37 <sup>0</sup>C and incubated for 48 hours. Observations were made based on the characteristics of the microscopic, macroscopic, biochemical test, cellulolytic activity and the activity of cellulase enzymes selected bacteria. The results showed a 9 cellulolytic bacteria from the gut of the larvae. <em>Bacillus </em>sp. is a bacteria that have the highest potential with cellulolitic activity 2.1 mm (dz/dk), the exponential phase of hour at the 24<sup>th</sup>, and cellulase enzyme activity of 0.4 U/mL at pH 7 and 0.41 U/mL at pH 8.This research showed that the Black Soldier Flays Larvae (<em>Hermetia illucens</em>) have competencein organic waste degradation, because in Black Soldier Flays<em> Larvae’s</em> gut, cellulolitic enzyme is produced by cellulolitic bacteria, specially <em>Bacillus </em>sp,</p><p><strong>How to Cite</strong></p><p>Supriyatna, A., &amp; Ukit, U. (2016). Screening and Isolation of Cellulolytic Bacteria from Gut of Black Soldier Flays Larvae (<em>Hermetia illucens</em>) Feeding with Rice Straw. <em>Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology &amp; Biology Education</em>, 8(3), 314-320. </p>

scholarly journals Bacterial Succession during Vermicomposting of Silver Wattle (Acacia dealbata Link)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Daniela Rosado ◽  
Marcos Pérez-Losada ◽  
Manuel Aira ◽  
Jorge Domínguez
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Sequence Variants ◽  
Eisenia Andrei ◽  
Acacia Dealbata ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Bacterial Succession ◽  
Waste Degradation ◽  
Functional Profiles

Vermicomposting is the process of organic waste degradation through interactions between earthworms and microbes. A variety of organic wastes can be vermicomposted, producing a nutrient-rich final product that can be used as a soil biofertilizer. Giving the prolific invasive nature of the Australian silver wattle Acacia dealbata Link in Europe, it is important to find alternatives for its sustainable use. However, optimization of vermicomposting needs further comprehension of the fundamental microbial processes. Here, we characterized bacterial succession during the vermicomposting of silver wattle during 56 days using the earthworm species Eisenia andrei. We observed significant differences in α- and β-diversity between fresh silver wattle (day 0) and days 14 and 28, while the bacterial community seemed more stable between days 28 and 56. Accordingly, during the first 28 days, a higher number of taxa experienced significant changes in relative abundance. A microbiome core composed of 10 amplicon sequence variants was identified during the vermicomposting of silver wattle (days 14 to 56). Finally, predicted functional profiles of genes involved in cellulose metabolism, nitrification, and salicylic acid also changed significantly during vermicomposting. This study, hence, provides detailed insights of the bacterial succession occurring during vermicomposting of the silver wattle and the characteristics of its final product as a sustainable plant biofertilizer.

scholarly journals Isolation of Cellulose Degradation Bacteria (CDB) from acid soil as a potential candidate of organic waste degradation

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-35
Author(s):  
Eri Samah
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Growth Curve ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Cellulose Degradation ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Clear Zone ◽  
Waste Degradation

Background: The study aimed to obtain CDB with high degraded activities, determined growth curve, protein content, and cellulase maximum activity (exoglucanase and endoglucanase). Method:  The cellulose activity calculated according to Miller (1959), protein content was measured by Bradford method with bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a standardize protein. Result: Six isolates of CDB were found as potential degradation of organic waste (Km25, Sr75, Jm, U6, G8, and Km13). Growth curve, protein level, and protein maximum activity occurred on day-3. The largest diameter of clear zone of six isolates was Km25, Sr75, Jm, U6, G8, and Km13 (3.32, 3.31, 2.41, 2.36, 2.19, and 2.04 mm, respectively). Endoglucanase and exoglucanase maximum activity were 0.011-0.402 IU/mL and 0.0028-0.155 IU/mL, respectively. Conclusion: Six isolates showed high activities of cellulase with diameter of clear zone ≥ 2 cm (Km25, Sr75, Jm, U6, G8, and Km13). Growth maximum curve was on day-3. Highest endo- and exoglucanase activities were on day-3 (0.402 IU/mL and 0.155 IU/mL, respectively) in Jm isolate. Keywords: Identification, degradation, clear zones, cellulase.

scholarly journals Development of Bacterial Consortia for Solid Waste Degradation and its Use as Organic Manure

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suparna Deepak
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Microbial Consortia ◽  
Solid Waste Disposal ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Bacterial Consortia ◽  
Organic Solid ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Waste Degradation

Solid waste disposal has become a big concern all over the world. Almost 50% of the municipal waste collected daily, especially in the metropolitan cities where the population is very high, consists of organic solid waste. This organic waste left in the open dumping grounds results in stench and contamination of groundwater. The present study aims to find out the utilization of effective microbial consortia for decomposing the organic waste. Different garbage samples was collected from Panvel area for isolating the effective organic waste degrading organisms. These strains were characterized by microscopic observations and biochemical tests. Their cellulolytic, proteolytic, amylolytic and lipoolytic activities were evaluated. Depending on these enzyme activities, different consortia were prepared and their efficacy in reduction, maturity and deodorization of organic waste was compared. The plant growth promoting effect of this degraded waste on Triticum aestivum (wheat) and Zea mays (maize) was evaluated. 5 Different Microbial Consortium was developed. Microbial consortia increased the efficacy of composting as compared to control. Consortia no. 1 and 5 showed better degrading ability. Consortia 4 and 5 facilitated the best growth for Wheat and Maize respectively. Consortia 2 showed the best result in terms of germination and growth for both wheat and maize

scholarly journals Karakteristik dan Potensi Enzimatis Bakteri Asal Tanah Sampah Dapur dan Kotoran Ternak sebagai Kandidat Agen Biodegradasi Sampah Organik

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Taruna Dwi Satwika ◽  
Dwiana Muflihah Yulianti ◽  
Arif Rahman Hikam
Keyword(s):  
Organic Waste ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Cellulolytic Activity ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Kitchen Waste ◽  
Proteolytic Activities ◽  
Waste Degradation ◽  
Screening Result ◽  
Selection Of

Composting is an alternative for recycling organic waste. Microorganisms that can degrade the components of organic waste are an essential part of composting. Isolation and selection of bacteria with the ability to degrade the elements of organic waste are the first steps to obtain an organic waste degrading agent. This study aimed to determine the characteristics and the enzymatic potential (cellulolytic, amylolytic, and proteolytic) of bacteria isolated from soil, cow dung and kitchen waste as candidates for organic waste degradation agents. The research begins with sampling and isolation of bacteria. The isolates obtained were tested qualitatively for their amylolytic, cellulolytic and proteolytic activities. Furthermore, bacterial isolates were characterized morphologically and biochemically. A total of 30 bacterial isolates were isolated from soil samples, cow dung and kitchen waste. The screening result showed that 6 isolates had amylolytic activity, 7 isolates had cellulolytic activity and 3 isolates had proteolytic activity. These bacterial isolates showed various morphological and biochemical characteristics. In general, soil samples, kitchen waste and cow dung contain potential bacteria as organic waste degrading agents

scholarly journals Modeling of CO Accumulation in the Headspace of the Bioreactor during Organic Waste Composting

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1367
Author(s):  
Karolina Sobieraj ◽  
Sylwia Stegenta-Dąbrowska ◽  
Jacek A. Koziel ◽  
Andrzej Białowiec
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Advanced Technologies ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Co Concentration ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Co Concentrations

Advanced technologies call for composting indoors for minimized impact on the surrounding environment. However, enclosing compost piles inside halls may cause the accumulation of toxic pollutants, including carbon monoxide (CO). Thus, there is a need to assess the occupational risk to workers that can be exposed to CO concentrations > 300 ppm at the initial stage of the process. The objectives were to (1) develop a model of CO accumulation in the headspace of the bioreactor during organic waste composting and (2) assess the impact of headspace ventilation of enclosed compost. The maximum allowable CO level inside the bioreactor headspace for potential short-term occupational exposure up to 10 min was 100 ppm. The composting was modeled in the horizontal static reactor over 14 days in seven scenarios, differing in the ratio of headspace-to-waste volumes (H:W) (4:1, 3:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4). Headspace CO concentration exceeded 100 ppm in each variant with the maximum value of 36.1% without ventilation and 3.2% with the daily release of accumulated CO. The airflow necessary to maintain CO < 100 ppmv should be at least 7.15 m3·(h·Mg w.m.)−1. The H:W > 4:1 and the height of compost pile < 1 m were less susceptible to CO accumulation.

scholarly journals The Impact of Exogenous Aerobic Bacteria on Sustainable Methane Production Associated with Municipal Solid Waste Biodegradation: Revealed by High-Throughput Sequencing

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sai Ge ◽  
Jun Ma ◽  
Lei Liu ◽  
Zhiming Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Methane Yield ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Waste Degradation ◽  
The Impact

In this work, the impact of exogenous aerobic bacteria mixture (EABM) on municipal solid waste (MSW) is well evaluated in the following aspects: biogas production, leachate analysis, organic waste degradation, EABM population, and the composition of microbial communities. The study was designed and performed as follows: the control bioreactor (R1) was filled up with MSW and the culture medium of EABM and the experimental bioreactor (R2) was filled up with MSW and EABM. The data suggests that the composition of microbial communities (bacterial and methanogenic) in R1 and R2 were similar at day 0, while the addition of EABM in R2 led to a differential abundance of Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Staphlyoccus xylosus, and Pantoea agglomerans in two bioreactors. The population of exogenous aerobic bacteria in R2 greatly increased during hydrolysis and acidogenesis stages, and subsequently increased the degradation of volatile solid (VS), protein, lipid, and lignin by 59.25%, 25.68%, 60.47%, and 197.62%, respectively, compared to R1. The duration of hydrolysis and acidogenesis in R2 was 33.33% shorter than that in R1. At the end of the study, the accumulative methane yield in R2 (494.4 L) was almost three times more than that in R1 (187.4 L). In addition, the abundance of acetoclasic methanogens increased at acetogenesis and methanogenesis stages in both bioreactors, which indicates that acetoclasic methanogens (especially Methanoseata) could contribute to methane production. This study demonstrates that EABM can accelerate organic waste degradation to promote MSW biodegradation and methane production. Moreover, the operational parameters helped EABM to generate 20.85% more in accumulative methane yield. With a better understanding of how EABM affects MSW and the composition of bacterial community, this study offers a potential practical approach to MSW disposal and cleaner energy generation worldwide.

scholarly journals Optimization of organic waste processing using Black Soldier Fly larvae Case study: Diponegoro university

2021 ◽  
Vol 896 (1) ◽  
pp. 012017
Author(s):  
I B Priyambada ◽  
S Sumiyati ◽  
A S Puspita ◽  
R A Wirawan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Waste ◽  
Waste Reduction ◽  
Waste Processing ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
University Environment ◽  
Black Soldier Fly Larvae ◽  
Fly Larvae ◽  
Waste Degradation ◽  
Reduction Index

Abstract Waste that is not handled correctly can cause problems for humans and the environment. Therefore, proper waste management efforts are needed to solve this waste problem. One method of processing organic waste is the use of Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae. Larvae BSF can degrade organic waste, and the life cycle of BSF acts as a decomposer. This study examines BSF larvae’s ability to decompose biodegradable organic waste, especially for banana waste, cucumber waste, and food waste in the Diponegoro University environment, and to decide the effect of the variable type of food. The frequency of feeding carried out on the growth rate of BSF larvae and to choose the decomposition results of biodegradable organic waste carried out by BSF larvae. This research method is carried out by comparing the effectiveness of waste degradation by BFS with EM4. The value of significance in degrading waste is obtained from the calculation of the Waste Reduction Index, or it can be called WRI. The analysis results show that the WRI value in waste processing using BFS is more significant than in waste processing using EM4. That concludes that BSF fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) effectively reduce organic waste compared to EM4.

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