Resíduos Pecuários: uma Avaliação em Indústria de Alimentos do Município de Bauru-SP

Diferentes estudos, realizados por diversas áreas, indicam que os resíduos orgânicos gerados nas atividades pecuárias causam impactos ao meio ambiente. O alto índice de gases poluentes, emitidos pelos dejetos de animais, potencializa o efeito estufa, intensifica os fenômenos meteorológicos e contribui para as alterações climáticas. Efluentes gerados nas atividades pecuárias contêm altos níveis de contaminantes, alterando as propriedades da água, comprometendo a biota aquática, rios e solo. A recuperação de efluentes e resíduos orgânicos promove o uso sustentável dos recursos naturais, entretanto o seu mau uso e desperdício compromete sua conservação. Na busca de diminuir a toxidade dos dejetos, empresas geradoras de resíduos focam em atingir padrões para o descarte, desconsiderando a qualificação de profissionais e novas técnicas, que possibilitem a recuperação e reciclagem dos resíduos orgânicos. No presente estudo, foi observado que embora a empresa atenda aos padrões no controle do lançamento de poluentes, há carência em estratégias que levem o aumento da reutilização, ambientalmente saudável, dos resíduos gerados. Notou-se um baixo nível de tecnologia aplicada na recuperação de efluentes. Sendo assim, o objetivo do estudo é propor melhorias no manejo e destinação dos resíduos orgânicos pecuários. Espera-se despertar a importância em desenvolver melhorias nas ações existentes relacionadas à conscientização ambiental.Palavras-chave: Resíduos. Impactos Ambientais. Manejo. Conscientização.AbstractDifferent studies in several areas indicate that the organic waste generated in farming activities cause environmental impacts. The high rate of polluting gases emitted by animal waste potentiate the greenhouse effect, intensify the meteorological phenomena and contribute to climate change. Effluent generated in livestock activities contain high contaminant levels changing the properties of water, affecting aquatic biota, rivers and soil. The recovery of organic waste effluents promotes sustainable use of natural resources, but its misuse and waste undermines conservation. In seeking to reduce the waste toxicity, waste-generating companies focus on achieving standards for the disposal disregarding the professionals’ qualification and new techniques that allow the recovery and recycling of organic waste. In this study, it was observed that although the company complies witth standards regarding the pollutants launch control they lack strategies that lead to an increase in reusing environmentally sound the waste generated. It was noted a low level of technology applied in the effluents recovery. Thus, the objective of the study is to propose improvements in the management and disposal of livestock organic waste. It is expected to awaken the importance of developing improvements to existing actions related to environmental awareness.Keywords: Waste. Environmental impacts. Management. Awareness.

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Removal of nutrients from Organic Liquid Agricultural Waste using filamentous algae.

Brazilian Journal of Biology ◽

10.1590/1519-6984.224708 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Gonzalo Flores-Morales ◽

Mónica Díaz ◽

Patricia Arancibia-Avila ◽

Michelle Muñoz-Carrasco ◽

Pamela Jara-Zapata ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Waste ◽

Low Cost ◽

Organic Liquid ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

Filamentous Algae ◽

Tertiary Treatment ◽

Nutrient Reduction ◽

Algae Removal ◽

Algae Growth ◽

Waste Effluents

Abstract A feasibility analysis of tertiary treatment for Organic Liquid Agricultural Waste is presented using filamentous algae belonging to the genus Cladophora sp. as an alternative to chemical tertiary treatment. The main advantages of tertiary treatments that use biological systems are the low cost investment and the minimal dependence on environmental variables. In this work we demonstrate that filamentous algae reduces the nutrient load of nitrate (circa 75%) and phosphate (circa 86%) from the organic waste effluents coming from dairy farms after nine days of culture, with the added advantage being that after the treatment period, algae removal can be achieved by simple procedures. Currently, the organic wastewater is discarded into fields and local streams. However, the algae can acquire value as a by-product since it has various uses as compost, cellulose, and biogas. A disadvantage of this system is that clean water must be used to achieve enough water transparency to allow algae growth. Even so, the nutrient reduction system of the organic effluents proposed is friendly to the ecosystem, compared to tertiary treatments that use chemicals to precipitate and collect nutrients such as nitrates and phosphates.

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Sustainable use of forest and hunting resources

Glasnik Sumarskog fakulteta ◽

10.2298/gsf14s1025d ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 25-49

Author(s):

Milorad Danilovic ◽

Dragan Gacic

Keyword(s):

Environmental Impacts ◽

Sustainable Use ◽

Forest Products ◽

Wood Biomass ◽

Analysis And Evaluation ◽

Number Of Factors ◽

Non Timber Forest Products ◽

Forestry Production ◽

The Impact

This paper presents the issue of the use of forest and hunting resources in Serbia, with special emphasis on their sustainability. The use of modern technological solutions in terms of sustainable use of forest and hunting resources should be seen through an analysis and evaluation of environmental impacts. The existing machinery used in Serbian forestry cannot respond to the current demands of forestry production. However, the current unfavourable conditions can be significantly improved with appropriate measures. The planning of a network of roads including a number of factors that directly and indirectly affect sustainable use is of great importance for the development of forestry and hunting. Wood biomass in Serbian forests should be used in the manner and to the extent that ensures the sustainability of ecosystems and the production of large quantities of energy. In recent years, non-timber forest products have gained importance, so that the income generated from their use is growing. The impact of newly adopted laws and bylaws in the field of forestry, hunting and the protection of nature and environment will depend primarily on their application, control, execution and possible amendments and adjustments.

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Comparative Study on the Environmental Impact of Traditional Clay Bricks Mixed with Organic Waste Using Life Cycle Analysis

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su10082917 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 2917 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

José Lozano-Miralles ◽

Manuel Hermoso-Orzáez ◽

Carmen Martínez-García ◽

José Rojas-Sola

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Environmental Impact ◽

Comparative Study ◽

Environmental Impacts ◽

Life Cycle Analysis ◽

Organic Waste ◽

Organic Additives ◽

Promising Alternative ◽

Clay Bricks ◽

The Impact

The construction industry is responsible for 40–45% of primary energy consumption in Europe. Therefore, it is essential to find new materials with a lower environmental impact to achieve sustainable buildings. The objective of this study was to carry out the life cycle analysis (LCA) to evaluate the environmental impacts of baked clay bricks incorporating organic waste. The scope of this comparative study of LCA covers cradle to gate and involves the extraction of clay and organic waste from the brick, transport, crushing, modelling, drying and cooking. Local sustainability within a circular economy strategy is used as a laboratory test. The energy used during the cooking process of the bricks modified with organic waste, the gas emission concentrate and the emission factors are quantified experimentally in the laboratory. Potential environmental impacts are analysed and compared using the ReCiPe midpoint LCA method using SimaPro 8.0.5.13. These results achieved from this method are compared with those obtained with a second method—Impact 2002+ v2.12. The results of LCA show that the incorporation of organic waste in bricks is favourable from an environmental point of view and is a promising alternative approach in terms of environmental impacts, as it leads to a decrease of 15–20% in all the impact categories studied. Therefore, the suitability of the use of organic additives in clay bricks was confirmed, as this addition was shown to improve their efficiency and sustainability, thus reducing the environmental impact.

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Economic Viability and Socio-Environmental Impacts of Solar Home Systems for Off-Grid Rural Electrification in Bangladesh

Energies ◽

10.3390/en13030679 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 679 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Swati Anindita Sarker ◽

Shouyang Wang ◽

K M Mehedi Adnan ◽

Muhammad Khalid Anser ◽

Zeraibi Ayoub ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Impacts ◽

Low Income ◽

Net Present Value ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

High Rate ◽

Economic Viability ◽

Internal Rate Of Return ◽

Present Value ◽

Viable Option ◽

Home Systems

This study conducted a questionnaire-led survey to explore the financial feasibility and socio-environmental impacts of stand-alone solar home systems (SHS) through stratified random sampling. Based on the above consideration, fifteen cases of studies of various watt peak (Wp) capacities have been investigated to evaluate the economic viability of solar home systems. The results revealed that most of the cases have positive net present value (NPV) and low payback periods, with an internal rate of return (IRR) value ranging from 16% to 131%, which signifies a high rate of investment exchange. Solar home systems are economically profitable for micro-enterprises and households with low-income generation activities as opposed to the households using it only for lighting. The study found that solar home systems with a capacity above 30 Wp are the most economically viable option, which can also avoid 6.15 to 7.34 tonnes of CO2 emissions during the 20 years of life-cycle, while providing different applications including lighting, recreation, information, health, and economic benefits.

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Studies on biodegradation of organic waste in uasb reactor

Linnaeus Eco-Tech ◽

10.15626/eco-tech.2003.062 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 513-525

Author(s):

C. B. Majumder ◽

Anil Kr. Mathur ◽

Vedprakash Kapse

Keyword(s):

Removal Efficiency ◽

Organic Waste ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Cost Effective ◽

High Rate ◽

Operational Performance ◽

Uasb Reactor ◽

Organic Loading Rate ◽

Methanogenic Activity ◽

Treatment And Disposal

The industrialization in the developing countries causes severe problems in collection,treatment and disposal of organic effluents. The situation leads to public health andenvironmental problem. Therefore, various high rate anaerobic treatments has beenemerged as a variable alternative for the treatment of many industrial and domesticwastewater containing organic wastes. In this study high rate Upflow Anaerobic SludgeBlanket (UASB) reactor has been critically analyzed, discussed and designed as thesolution of above problem. According to that a UASB reactor has been fabricated forlaboratory study. The UASB system appeared to be economically cost effective ascompared to other systems. This paper also focuses on the principle of startup,operational performance, chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency, methaneproduction rate, and specific methanogenic activity in the UASB reactor. In the presentstudy, reactor was started initially with mixture of molasses and glucose (50% each)solution with organic loading rate (OLR) 0.933 g COD/L day. Thereafter, OLR is beingincreased in steps. After 15 days of startup of reactor, molasses solution was applied. Thetemperature (35e° C), pH (6.8±0.4), and nutrients requirement were maintained. In thisstudy COD: N: P ratio were maintained at 300: IO: l by adding urea for nitrogen andpotassium di-hydrogen phosphate for phosphorus. For a change of OLR up to 13.33gCOD/L day, all above-mentioned parameter were studied. The removal efficiency andgas production rate depend on activity of granules. A typical organic degrading granule iscomposed of micro-colonies of Methanothrix and several syntropic micro -colonies.

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Impactos socioambientales de la gestión del agua en el área natural protegida de Cuatro Ciénegas, Coahuila

región y sociedad ◽

10.22198/rys.2016.66.a405 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 28 (66) ◽

Author(s):

Sandra Eloisa Ortiz Acosta ◽

María de Lourdes Romo Aguilar

Keyword(s):

Environmental Impacts ◽

Sustainable Use ◽

Desert Ecosystem ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Economic Activities ◽

Natural Area ◽

Management Actions ◽

Protected Natural Area ◽

Cuatro Ciénegas ◽

Social And Environmental Impacts

El área natural protegida Cuatro Ciénegas, Coahuila, posee un ecosistema desértico valioso, con endemismos y humedales Ramsar, que ha resultado perjudicado por las actividades económicas no reguladas, como la agricultura y el turismo. Las acciones de gestión implementadas por la Comisión Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas y la Comisión Nacional del Agua también han tenido repercusiones socioambientales. Por ello, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar los impactos sociales y ambientales derivados de la gestión del agua en esta área natural protegida, a través de la aplicación de entrevistas semiestructuradas a actores clave. La información se analizó mediante una adaptación a la metodología de la teoría fundamentada. A partir de los resultados, se concluyó que los daños socioambientales se deben a que las instituciones no han logrado compatibilizar las políticas de conservación con las de aprovechamiento sustentable de los recursos naturales, lo que contribuye al deterioro del ecosistema y a la inconformidad de la población. Palabras clave: gestión del agua; área natural protegida; impactos sociales; impactos ambientales. AbstractThe Protected Natural Area of Cuatro Cienegas, Coahuila, includes a desert ecosystem with various water bodies, endemisms and Ramsar wetlands. Within this area, economic activities like agriculture and tourism have impacted the ecosystem in a negative way due to the lack of regulation. Institutions including conanp and conagua have implemented management actions, and these have also generated social and environmental impacts. The objective of this paper is to analyze social and environmental impacts through the application of semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders in the management. The information obtained is examined using an adaptation of the methodology of Grounded Theory, supplemented by documentary contrasting technique. Finally, we conclude that the social and environmental impacts have been mostly negative, because the institutions have failed to reconcile conservation policies with sustainable use of natural resources policies, contributing to the degradation of the ecosystem and the dissatisfaction of the population. Key words: water management; protected natural area; social impacts; environmental impacts.

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La alpaca suri, de la extinción a la conservación de la biodiversidad de colores y la importancia de la bioartesanía textil en el distrito de Nuñoa (Melgar-Puno)

Revista de Investigaciones Altoandinas - Journal of High Andean Research ◽

10.18271/ria.2015.140 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 291

Author(s):

Porfirio Enríquez Salas

Keyword(s):

Biodiversity Conservation ◽

Environmental Impacts ◽

Sustainable Use ◽

Project Evaluation ◽

Fiber Spinning ◽

New Approach ◽

Las Mujeres ◽

Family Centers

Se reflexiona la importancia de la crianza de alpacas en la región Puno, incidiendo en el proceso de extinción de las alpacas suri de color y las acciones llevadas a cabo para la recuperación de la citada raza en el distrito de Nuñoa (Melgar-Puno), mediante la implementación del proyecto “Evaluación, recuperación y conservación del germoplasma de la alpaca raza suri de color”, con el propósito de salvar de la extinción a las alpacas suri de color, por iniciativa de los criadores de alpacas del citado distrito. Se precisa que los resultados más importantes de este proyecto, se reflejan: a) en el establecimiento de centros familiares de repoblamiento y la generación de una estrategia sustentada en el criador de alpacas-artesano textil, destinada al aprovechamiento sostenible de las alpacas suri de color y su fibra; b) el incremento de capacidades textiles de las mujeres artesanas y criadoras de alpacas suri, para la transformación la fibra mediante el hilado y tejido a mano; y c) la propuesta de la bioartesanía textil por las mujeres criadoras organizadas en la Asociación de Artesanía suri Paqucha, como un nuevo enfoque sobre el proceso de elaboración de la artesanía textil en Puno, la misma que se basa en el biocomercio, que promueve la rentabilidad económica sustentada en procesos de conservación y uso sostenible de la biodiversidad con bajos impactos ambientales. The suri alpaca from extinction biodiversity conservation colors and the importance of bio textile crafts in the district of Nuñoa (Melgar-Puno) ABSTRACTThe importance of raising alpacas in the Puno region reflects, focusing on the process of extinction of suri alpacas color and the action taken for recovery of that race in the Nunoa district (Melgar-Puno) by implementing the project "Evaluation, restoration and conservation of germplasm of race color suri alpaca", with the purpose of saving from extinction the color suri alpacas initiative of alpaca farmers of that district. It states that the most important results of this project are reflected: a) in the establishment of family centers repopulation and generating a sustained by the breeder of alpacas-artisan textiles, aimed at sustainable use of suri alpacas color strategy and fiber; b) increasing capacities textile craftswomen and brooders Suri alpacas, for processing fiber spinning and weaving by hand; c) the proposed textile bio textile crafts brooders women organized by the Association of Craft Paqucha suri as a new approach to the process of development of the textile craft in Puno, the same that is based on the bio, which promotes profitability economic processes supported by conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity with low environmental impacts.

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Design and optimization of high rate decentralized vermicomposting reactor for the household organic waste

International Journal of Environment and Waste Management ◽

10.1504/ijewm.2021.10031475 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Doppalapudi Alekhya ◽

Chandrasekaran Ramprasad

Keyword(s):

Organic Waste ◽

High Rate ◽

Design And Optimization

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STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENTS FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT — COMPARING THE UNITED STATES AND GERMANY

Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management ◽

10.1142/s1464333213400036 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 15 (02) ◽

pp. 1340003 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

GESA GEIßLER

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Renewable Energy ◽

Environmental Impacts ◽

Public Involvement ◽

The United States ◽

Low Carbon ◽

Hydro Power ◽

Strategic Assessment ◽

Environmentally Sound ◽

Low Carbon Energy

Germany and the United States are amongst the leading countries regarding installed renewable energy capacity and are steadily adding new facilities. As balancing the strive for a low carbon energy supply with other environmental interests, such as biodiversity conservation, becomes more prevalent with increasing numbers of wind, solar, biomass, geothermal, and hydro-power facilities, the call for a strategic-level consideration of environmental impacts (SEA) becomes louder. The paper compares the practice of SEAs for renewable energy plans, programmes, and policies in terms of discussion of alternatives, consideration of cumulative effects, and public involvement. A case study analysis compares SEAs from Germany and the United States and evaluates their performance.Results indicate large differences between both countries, with Germany performing less well on average. Therefore, a strong need for improvement becomes obvious. A general conclusion is that both countries need to become more open to strategic assessment of environmental impacts from renewable energy policies, strategies, and legislation (policy SEA), in order to allow for meaningful assessment of alternatives and achieve an environmentally sound low carbon future.

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