scholarly journals Motility, Adhesion and c-di-GMP Influence the Endophytic Colonization of Rice by Azoarcus sp. CIB

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 554
Author(s):  
Helga Fernández-Llamosas ◽  
Eduardo Díaz ◽  
Manuel Carmona
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Second Messenger ◽  
Endophytic Bacterium ◽  
Plant Colonization ◽  
Health State ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Knockout Mutants

Proficient crop production is needed to ensure the feeding of a growing global population. The association of bacteria with plants plays an important role in the health state of the plants contributing to the increase of agricultural production. Endophytic bacteria are ubiquitous in most plant species providing, in most cases, plant promotion properties. However, the knowledge on the genetic determinants involved in the colonization of plants by endophytic bacteria is still poorly understood. In this work we have used a genetic approach based on the construction of fliM, pilX and eps knockout mutants to show that the motility mediated by a functional flagellum and the pili type IV, and the adhesion modulated by exopolysaccarides are required for the efficient colonization of rice roots by the endophyte Azoarcus sp. CIB. Moreover, we have demonstrated that expression of an exogenous diguanylate cyclase or phophodiesterase, which causes either an increase or decrease of the intracellular levels of the second messenger cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP), respectively, leads to a reduction of the ability of Azoarcus sp. CIB to colonize rice plants. Here we present results demonstrating the unprecedented role of the universal second messenger cyclic-di-GMP in plant colonization by an endophytic bacterium, Azoarcus sp. CIB. These studies pave the way to further strategies to modulate the interaction of endophytes with their target plant hosts.

scholarly journals Motility, adhesion and c-di-GMP levels influence the endophytic colonization of rice by Azoarcus sp. CIB

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helga Fernandez-Llamosas ◽  
Eduardo Diaz ◽  
Manuel Carmona
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Second Messenger ◽  
Endophytic Bacterium ◽  
Plant Colonization ◽  
Health State ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Bacterial Flagellum ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Knockout Mutants

Abstract Background: Proficient crop production is needed to ensure the feeding of a growing global population. The association of bacteria with plants plays an important role in the health state of the plants contributing to the increase of agricultural production. Endophytic bacteria are ubiquitous in most plant species providing, in most cases, plant promotion properties. However, the knowledge on the genetic determinants involved in the colonization of plants by endophytic bacteria are still poorly understood.Results: In this work we have used a genetic approach based on the construction of fliM, pilX and eps knockout mutants to show that the motility mediated by a functional flagellum and the pili type IV, and the adhesion modulated by exopolysaccarides are required for the efficient colonization of rice roots by the endophyte Azoarcus sp. CIB. Moreover, we have demonstrated that expression of an exogenous diguanylate cyclase or phophodiesterase, which causes either an increase or decrease of the intracellular levels of the second messenger cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP), respectively, leads to a reduction of the ability of Azoarcus sp. CIB to colonize rice plants.Conclusions: Here we present results demonstrating the unprecedented role of the universal second messenger cyclic-di-GMP in plant colonization by an endophytic bacterium, Azoarcus sp. CIB. The involvement of bacterial motility and adherence mediated by the bacterial flagellum, pil i type IV and exopolysaccharides in the colonization of rice by strain CIB is also shown. These studies pave the way to further strategies to modulate the interaction of endophytes with their target plant hosts.

scholarly journals Diversity and the role of endophytic bacteria: A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-120
Author(s):  
Sofia Khan ◽  
Vijeshwar Verma ◽  
Shafaq Rasool
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Industrial Enzymes ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Tremendous Impact

Endophytes belong to a widespread group of microorganisms that colonise intracellular and intercellular spaces in all known plant parts but do not cause diseases or major morphological changes to the host. Endophytic bacteria ubiquitously colonise plant internal tissues, where they can form a variety of interactions, including commensalistic, symbiotic, trophobiotic and mutualistic. Endophytic bacteria produce pharmaceutically important compounds such as antimicrobials, antioxidants, industrial enzymes, antidiabetics and anti-cancer agents. In addition, endophytes can also support their host by producing a variety of natural products for potential use in medicine, agriculture or industry. This group of bacteria can have a tremendous impact on plant communities, raising their fitness by endowing tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress. There are great prospects for searching, selecting and studying new endophytic bacteria species in order to create new microbial preparations for adaptive crop production, while reducing the environmental impacts of agriculture. The present review summarises studies to date about endophytic bacteria, including topics such as isolation methods, the diversity of these bacteria and their biological roles.

scholarly journals The Bacterial Second Messenger Cyclic di-GMP Regulates Brucella Pathogenesis and Leads to Altered Host Immune Response

2016 ◽  
Vol 84 (12) ◽  
pp. 3458-3470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Khan ◽  
Jerome S. Harms ◽  
Fernanda M. Marim ◽  
Leah Armon ◽  
Cherisse L. Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Second Messenger ◽  
Host Immune Response ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Type Iv

Brucella species are facultative intracellular bacteria that cause brucellosis, a chronic debilitating disease significantly impacting global health and prosperity. Much remains to be learned about how Brucella spp. succeed in sabotaging immune host cells and how Brucella spp. respond to environmental challenges. Multiple types of bacteria employ the prokaryotic second messenger cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) to coordinate responses to shifting environments. To determine the role of c-di-GMP in Brucella physiology and in shaping host- Brucella interactions, we utilized c-di-GMP regulatory enzyme deletion mutants. Our results show that a Δ bpdA phosphodiesterase mutant producing excess c-di-GMP displays marked attenuation in vitro and in vivo during later infections. Although c-di-GMP is known to stimulate the innate sensor STING, surprisingly, the Δ bpdA mutant induced a weaker host immune response than did wild-type Brucella or the low-c-di-GMP guanylate cyclase Δ cgsB mutant. Proteomics analysis revealed that c-di-GMP regulates several processes critical for virulence, including cell wall and biofilm formation, nutrient acquisition, and the type IV secretion system. Finally, Δ bpdA mutants exhibited altered morphology and were hypersensitive to nutrient-limiting conditions. In summary, our results indicate a vital role for c-di-GMP in allowing Brucella to successfully navigate stressful and shifting environments to establish intracellular infection.

scholarly journals The Employment of Endophytic Bacteria for Phytodegradation of Pyridine

2022 ◽  
Vol 961 (1) ◽  
pp. 012021
Author(s):  
Haneen A Kh Karaghool
Keyword(s):  
Phragmites Australis ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Endophytic Bacterium ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Living Species ◽  
Incubation Duration ◽  
Ecological Importance ◽  
Toxic Organic Substances ◽  
Pyridine Concentration

Abstract Pyridine is considered a heterocyclic aromatic chemical that is poisonous and carcinogenic to a variety of living species. The use of plant and endophytic- bacteria to improve the efficiency of pollutants extraction is considered a viable technique since the endophytic bacteria help in the adaptation of the plant itself in various ecosystems and have significant ecological importance because they improve the soil fertility and quality. This research aims to stimulate the pyridine phytodegradation by Phragmites australis plants using the endophytic bacterial strain, Acinetobacter by inoculation these bacterial cells to the plants to see if it might increase plant growth and pyridine phytodegradation. In the present study, the system of pyridine phytodegradation basins with the vertical subsurface flow (VSSF) was adopted, since this system has better ventilation. In addition, the retention time is several hours due to the penetration of water molecules to the layers of packing materials of the basin, which have a relatively high hydraulic conductivity. After conducting the experiments, samples were collected and tests were done to find out the optimum conditions. The results were recorded as 40 plants of P. australis/m2 of VSSF systems; bacterial cells concentration, 250 mg/L; pyridine concentration, 400 mg/L; temperature, 35 °C and pH, 8±2 for 10 hrs incubation duration. As a result, endophytic bacteria can break down toxic organic substances in combination with certain plants. When the endophytic bacterium, Acinetobacter was not used to enhance the role of Phragmites australis plants in the pyridine-phytodegradation process, the rate of phytodegradation was reduced to less than 30% at a pyridine concentration of 700 mg/L, indicating the importance of this endophytic bacterium in the pyridine phytodegradation process.

scholarly journals The role of endophytic bacteria and mycorrhizae fungus as plant growth inducer of white turmeric

2021 ◽  
Vol 759 (1) ◽  
pp. 012025
Author(s):  
R Simarmata ◽  
Nuriyanah ◽  
L Nurjanah ◽  
J R L Sylvia ◽  
T Widowati
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria

The role of genetics in fetal programming of adult cardiometabolic disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Carlos Sánchez-Soriano ◽  
Ewan R. Pearson ◽  
Rebecca M. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Cardiometabolic Disease ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Glucose And Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Developmental Growth ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Maternal Genotype ◽  
Disease Risks ◽  
Independent Effects ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract Disturbances affecting early development have broad repercussions on the individual’s health during infancy and adulthood. Multiple observational studies throughout the years have shown that alterations of fetal growth are associated with increased cardiometabolic disease risks. However, the genetic component of this association only started to be investigated in the last 40 years, when single genes with distinct effects were investigated. Birth weight (BW), commonly reported as the outcome of developmental growth, has been estimated to be 20% to 60% heritable. Through Genome-Wide Association (GWA) meta-analyses, 190 different loci have been identified being associated with BW, and while many of these loci designate genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism, with clear ties to fetal development, the role of others is not yet understood. In addition, due to its influence over the intrauterine environment, the maternal genotype also plays an important part in the determination of offspring BW, with the same loci having independent effects of different magnitude or even direction. There is still much to uncover regarding the genetic determinants of BW and the interactions between maternal, offspring, and even paternal genotype. To fully understand these, diverse and novel cohorts from multiple ancestries collecting extensive neonatal phenotype will be needed. This review compiles, chronologically, the main findings in the investigation of the genetics of BW.

Rapid kinetics of second messenger production in bitter taste

1996 ◽  
Vol 270 (3) ◽  
pp. C926-C931 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Spielman ◽  
H. Nagai ◽  
G. Sunavala ◽  
M. Dasso ◽  
H. Breer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bitter Taste ◽  
Second Messengers ◽  
Second Messenger ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Transient Nature ◽  
Sucrose Octaacetate ◽  
Rapid Kinetics ◽  
First Time

The tasting of bitter compounds may have evolved as a protective mechanism against ingestion of potentially harmful substances. We have identified second messengers involved in bitter taste and show here for the first time that they are rapid and transient. Using a quench-flow system, we have studied bitter taste signal transduction in a pair of mouse strains that differ in their ability to taste the bitter stimulus sucrose octaacetate (SOA); however, both strains taste the bitter agent denatonium. In both strains of mice, denatonium (10 mM) induced a transient and rapid increase in levels of the second messenger inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) with a maximal production near 75-100 ms after stimulation. In contrast, SOA (100 microM) brought about a similar increase in IP3 only in SOA-taster mice. The response to SOA was potentiated in the presence of GTP (1 microM). The GTP-enhanced SOA-response supports a G protein-mediated response for this bitter compound. The rapid kinetics, transient nature, and specificity of the bitter taste stimulus-induced IP3 formation are consistent with the role of IP3 as a second messenger in the chemoelectrical transduction of bitter taste.

scholarly journals A Gnotobiotic Model to Examine Plant and Microbiome Contributions to Survival under Arsenic Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
María del Carmen Molina ◽  
James F. White ◽  
Sara García-Salgado ◽  
M. Ángeles Quijano ◽  
Natalia González-Benítez
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Bacterial Interaction ◽  
Arsenic Stress ◽  
Free Media

So far, the relative importance of the plant and its microbiome in the development of early stages of plant seedling growth under arsenic stress has not been studied. To test the role of endophytic bacteria in increasing plant success under arsenic stress, gnotobiotic seeds of J. montana were inoculated with two endophytic bacteria: Pantoea conspicua MC-K1 (PGPB and As resistant bacteria) and Arthrobacter sp. MC-D3A (non-helper and non-As resistant bacteria) and an endobacteria mixture. In holobiotic seedlings (with seed-vectored microbes intact), neither the capacity of germination nor development of roots and lateral hairs was affected at 125 μM As(V). However, in gnotobiotic seedlings, the plants are negatively impacted by absence of a microbiome and presence of arsenic, resulting in reduced growth of roots and root hairs. The inoculation of a single PGPB (P. conspicua-MCK1) shows a tendency to the recovery of the plant, both in arsenic enriched and arsenic-free media, while the inoculation with Arthrobacter sp. does not help in the recovery of the plants. Inoculation with a bacterial mixture allows recovery of plants in arsenic free media; however, plants did not recover under arsenic stress, probably because of a bacterial interaction in the mixture.

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