scholarly journals Distribution of Denitrification among Haloarchaea: A Comprehensive Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1669
Author(s):  
Jose María Miralles-Robledillo ◽  
Eric Bernabeu ◽  
Micaela Giani ◽  
Elena Martínez-Serna ◽  
Rosa María Martínez-Espinosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrite Reductase ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Nitric Oxide Reductase ◽  
Respiratory Pathway ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Alternative Respiratory Pathway ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Common ◽  
Alternative Respiratory Pathways ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Microorganisms from the Halobacteria class, also known as haloarchaea, inhabit a wide range of ecosystems of which the main characteristic is the presence of high salt concentration. These environments together with their microbial communities are not well characterized, but some of the common features that they share are high sun radiation and low availability of oxygen. To overcome these stressful conditions, and more particularly to deal with oxygen limitation, some microorganisms drive alternative respiratory pathways such as denitrification. In this paper, denitrification in haloarchaea has been studied from a phylogenetic point of view. It has been demonstrated that the presence of denitrification enzymes is a quite common characteristic in Halobacteria class, being nitrite reductase and nitric oxide reductase the enzymes with higher co-occurrence, maybe due to their possible role not only in denitrification, but also in detoxification. Moreover, copper-nitrite reductase (NirK) is the only class of respiratory nitrite reductase detected in these microorganisms up to date. The distribution of this alternative respiratory pathway and their enzymes among the families of haloarchaea has also been discussed and related with the environment in which they constitute the major populations. Complete denitrification phenotype is more common in some families like Haloarculaceae and Haloferacaceae, whilst less common in families such as Natrialbaceae and Halorubraceae.

CENTRAL AUTONOMIC DYSFUNCTION WITH DEFECTIVE LACRIMATION

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1949 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 468-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
CONRAD M. RILEY ◽  
RICHARD L. DAY ◽  
DAVID MCL. GREELEY ◽  
WILLIAM S. LANGFORD
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Autonomic Dysfunction ◽  
Autonomic Function ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Clinical Entity ◽  
Excessive Sweating ◽  
Common Features ◽  
The Common

Five cases have been reported with symptoms and findings so similar as to constitute a clinical entity. The common features in this group are: 1. a deficiency of lacrimation; 2. an abnormal reaction to mild anxiety characterized by transient extreme elevation of blood pressure, excessive sweating, salivation to the point of drooling, and the development of sharply demarcated erythematous blotches on the skin, biliterally symmetric, and tending to recur in the same or similar configurations. The findings seem best interpreted as a central, possibly congenital, disturbance of autonomic function. An origin in the diencephalon has been suggested. The most difficult feature to interpret from a neurophysiologic point of view is diminished rather than excessive lacrimation.

scholarly journals Exploring the MaaS market with systematic analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Domokos Esztergár-Kiss ◽  
Tamás Kerényi ◽  
Tamás Mátrai ◽  
Attila Aba
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
The Public ◽  
Common Features ◽  
The Third ◽  
Systematic Methodology ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
The Common ◽  
Comprehensive Study

AbstractMobility as a Service (MaaS) is a new transport concept which integrates, manages, and distributes private and public mobility alternatives by using intelligent digital technologies. Recently, research and implementations have been widely conducted. In order to reveal future implications, it is crucial to analyze the available MaaS services by using systematic methodology. Cluster analysis was applied to create typical groups of MaaS services and to define the common features of the systems, which may highlight future trends. In order to identify the most relevant MaaS initiatives, the typical parameters of the services were taken into account and a dataset was developed. More than 30 MaaS services from 14 countries were investigated, and the features and the functionalities of these services were analyzed. The findings demonstrate that there is potential for the development of the applications in terms of their payment features, their personalization, and the provision of all attainable elements of MaaS. The number of operators is constantly increasing. However, it is uncertain whether public or private MaaS operators will be dominant on the market. Three cluster groups were created with specific features and directions of development. The Route planners group involves a few modes of transport, but it provides an extensive service. While the Third parties group has primarily private MaaS operators, the Public systems group usually includes public MaaS operators. This comprehensive study might be useful to MaaS operators and regulators for understanding the typical features and the development directions of the market.

scholarly journals A comprehensive study of distributed Denial-of-Service attack with the detection techniques

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 3685
Author(s):  
H. H. Ibrahim ◽  
A. E. Hamzah ◽  
H. A. Saeed ◽  
H. H. Qasim ◽  
O. S. Hamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Denial Of Service ◽  
Dos Attacks ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Denial Of Service Attack ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Service Attack ◽  
The Common ◽  
Comprehensive Study

With the dramatic evolution in networks nowadays, an equivalent growth of challenges has been depicted toward implementing and deployment of such networks. One of the serious challenges is the security where wide range of attacks would threat these networks. Denial-of-Service (DoS) is one of the common attacks that targets several types of networks in which a huge amount of information is being flooded into a specific server for the purpose of turning of such server. Many research studies have examined the simulation of networks in order to observe the behavior of DoS. However, the variety of its types hinders the process of configuring the DoS attacks. In particular, the Distributed DoS (DDoS) is considered to be the most challenging threat to various networks. Hence, this paper aims to accommodate a comprehensive simulation in order to figure out and detect DDoS attacks. Using the well-known simulator technique of NS-2, the experiments showed that different types of DDoS have been characterized, examined and detected. This implies the efficacy of the comprehensive simulation proposed by this study.

scholarly journals Dynamic Understanding of Law: the Attempt of Historical Explication

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 47-61
Author(s):  
ALEXEY V. STOVBA STOVBA
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Object Relations ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Legal Philosophy ◽  
Western Thought ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Common

The following article is about the main trends of understanding of law in the former Soviet Union. These trends are the so-called "classical" and "non-classical" ("post-classical") understanding of law. At the same, time non-classical legal philosophy in the former Soviet Union doesn’t take the ideas from the Western thought uncritically but tries to elaborate its own view to the legal field. The specificity of the named view may be characterized by the concept of "dynamic understanding of law". The similar concept is the common title for the wide range of the doctrines, which were elaborated in the Russia, Ukraine and Belorussia on the edge of the centuries. These are, for example, the phenomenological-communicative approach of A.V. Polyakov, the doctrine of the legal dialogue of I.L. Chestnov, the temporal-ontological philosophy of law (A.V. Stovba), the conception of legal reality (S.I. Maksymov) and so on. It’s worth to stress, that all the named legal doctrines are independent from one another and original. But at the same time, it has common features, which allow us to significate it under the common title "dynamic understanding of law". The similar features are the next: negative position towards the reification of law, to the attempts to consider law in the frame of subject-object relations, to the representation of law as the static, continual "Ought", which regulates its object — "Is" — from the "secure" transcendental distance. Instead of this the named legal philosophers propose to consider law as dynamic (discrete and reproduced) in its core phenomenon, which originally has social roots and character. At the same time despite the originality of similar views to the law, we can find its historical parallels in the Middle Ages, in the sagas of Ancient Iceland. The conclusion is that the ideas of the dynamic understanding of law are an adequate conceptual approach to the general reasoning of the legal essence.

EARLY IBĀḌĪ THEOLOGICAL ARGUMENTS ON ATOMS AND ACCIDENTS

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-134
Author(s):  
Abdulrahman Al-Salimi
Keyword(s):  
The West ◽  
Islamic Theology ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Theological Schools ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Western Scholarship ◽  
The Common ◽  
Early Islamic

AbstractThe bulk of Orientalist research regarding Islamic theological literature has neglected Ibāḍī theological opinions related to cosmology, which has led to an incomplete understanding of Islamic theology in the West and to a significant gap in Western scholarship. The omission of this important movement of Islam is understandable, considering the unavailability, lack of publication, circulation and translation of Ibāḍī texts. Therefore, this study seeks to address some of these gaps in the scholarship on early Islamic theology. The goals of this article are: 1) to characterize the classical Ibāḍī theological literature dealing with the atomistic theory of substance and accident; 2) to review the texts of Ibāḍī scholars as they argued and engaged with other Islamic theological schools: pre-Bahshamiyya Muʿtazilites (Abū Hāshim al-Jubbāʾī, d. 321/933) and Ashʿarites (Abū al-Ḥasan al-Ashʿarī, d. 324/936), in relation to the atomistic theory of substance and accident during the 3rd/9th century; 3) to survey the wide range of opinions among the early Ibāḍī theologians, and to examine the specific sources and themes that may have influenced this multifarious school of thought. Likewise, it is the aim of this article to demonstrate the common features in the Ibāḍī approach to producing theological literature during the formation of Islamic theology, and to explore how these early theologians may have gained access to cosmological themes that predate Islam.

scholarly journals Odwieczność - okiem przyrodnika czyli meandry filogenezy świata zwierząt

2018 ◽  
pp. 13-34
Author(s):  
Czesław Blaszak
Keyword(s):  
Punctuated Equilibrium ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Animal Kingdom ◽  
Phylogenetic Groups ◽  
Common Features ◽  
The Common ◽  
Eukaryotic Organisms

In the present review, an attempt to define the animal kingdom against a background of other kingdoms in the domain of eukaryotic organisms is presented,showing the common features linking the animal kingdom with the kingdom of fungi.The animals were clearly separated from other kingdoms through two unique systemscharacteristic of them: nervous and muscular. The matter is complicated by the fact that in the four types of the animal kingdom (Porifera, Placozoa) the nervous and muscular systems are absent. Therefore, zoologists proposed the name Metazoa multicellularanimal – for the animal kingdom. The main problematic issues of monophyly based onselected phylogenetic groups and phyla are discussed. In addition to the phylogenetictree (based on monophyly) the punctuated equilibrium was established for four independentgroups: Porifera, Cnidaria, Protostomia, Deuterostomia. Finally, the position ofthe animal kingdom in the monophyletic point of view and against a background of all other organisms is presented.

scholarly journals Organic aerosol components observed in worldwide datasets from aerosol mass spectrometry

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 27745-27789 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. L. Ng ◽  
M. R. Canagaratna ◽  
Q. Zhang ◽  
J. L. Jimenez ◽  
J. Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectra ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Aerosol Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Aerosol Mass ◽  
Aerosol Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Triangular Region ◽  
The Common ◽  
Photochemical Aging

Abstract. In this study we present results from the factor analysis of 43 aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) datasets and provide an overview of worldwide organic aerosol (OA) components and their evolution in the atmosphere. At most sites, the OA can be separated into oxygenated OA (OOA), hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA), and sometimes other components such as biomass burning OA (BBOA). In many analyses, the OOA can be further deconvolved into low-volatility OOA (LV-OOA) and semi-volatile OOA (SV-OOA). A wide range of f44 (ratio of m/z 44 to total signal in the component mass spectrum) and O:C ratios are observed for both LV-OOA (0.17±0.04, 0.73±0.14) and SV-OOA (0.07±0.04, 0.35±0.14) components, reflecting the fact that there is a continuum of OOA properties in ambient aerosol. Differences in the mass spectra of these components are characterized in terms of the two main ions m/z 44 (CO2+) and m/z 43 (mostly C2H3O+). The LV-OOA component spectra have higher f44 and lower f43 than SV-OOA. The OOA components (OOA, LV-OOA, and SV-OOA) from all sites cluster within a well defined triangular region in the f44 vs. f43 space, which can be used as a standardized means of comparing and characterizing any OOA components (laboratory or ambient) observed with the AMS. Examination of the OOA components in this triangular space indicates that OOA component spectra become increasingly similar to each other and to fulvic acid and HULIS sample spectra as f44 (a surrogate for O:C and an indicator of photochemical aging) increases. This indicates that ambient OA converges towards highly aged LV-OOA with atmospheric oxidation. The common features of the transformation between SV-OOA and LV-OOA at multiple sites potentially enables a simplified description of the oxidation of OA in the atmosphere. Comparison of laboratory SOA data with ambient OOA indicates that laboratory SOA are more similar to SV-OOA, and rarely become as oxidized as ambient LV-OOA, likely due to the higher loadings employed in the experiments and/or limited oxidant exposure in most chamber experiments.

scholarly journals Metal Content in Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) Leaves: Influence of Vehicular Traffic and Safety upon Consumption as Food

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnese Giacomino ◽  
Mery Malandrino ◽  
Maria Laura Colombo ◽  
Sergio Miaglia ◽  
Pietro Maimone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Taraxacum Officinale ◽  
Potentially Toxic Elements ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Vehicular Traffic ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Dandelion ◽  
Maximum Allowable Concentrations ◽  
Underlying Soil

The widespread distribution of the common dandelion, that is,Taraxacum officinale, along with its ability to tolerate a wide range of environmental conditions, makes this plant a good candidate as biological monitor of environmental metal contamination.Taraxacum officinaleleaves growing spontaneously in meadows and along the streets are traditionally picked up and eaten in Italy as salad, so it is important to know the concentrations of potentially toxic elements contained in them from the point of view of food safety. For these reasons the concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn were determined in dandelion leaf and underlying soil samples collected at 12 sites in the province of Cuneo (Piedmont, Italy) in the vicinity of streets or roundabouts. The concentrations were compared with reference values for plant and soils and with maximum allowable concentrations in edible vegetables. Neither dandelion nor soil samples were found to be polluted by metals, but the comparison with limits for vegetables suggests that caution should be used in consuming spontaneously growing vegetables.

Colorimetric research of self-luminous objects in software and hardware environments by the method of multidimensional scales implementation

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
Yauheniya N. Saukova
Keyword(s):  
Metrological Traceability ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Intermediate Precision ◽  
Technical Vision ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Chromaticity Coordinates ◽  
Unity Of Measurements ◽  
Software And Hardware ◽  
Luminous Objects ◽  
Reference Samples

It is shown that the issues of metrological traceability for extended self-luminous objects with a wide range of brightness have not yet been resolved, since the rank scales of embedded systems are used for processing digital images. For such scales, there is no “fixed” unit, which does not allow you to get reliable results and ensure the unity of measurements. An experiment is described to evaluate the accuracy of determining the intensity (coordinates) of the color of self-luminous objects. In terms of repeatability and intermediate precision compared to the reference measurement method, the color and chromaticity coordinates of self-luminous objects (reference samples) were determined by their multiple digital registration using technical vision systems. The possibilities of the developed methodology for colorimetric studies in hardware and software environments from the point of view of constructing a multidimensional conditional scale are determined.

COMBINATORIAL POLYNOMIALLY COMPUTABLE CHARACTERISTICS OF SUBSTITUTIONS AND THEIR PROPERTIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
VLADIMIR NIKONOV ◽  
◽  
ANTON ZOBOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Expectation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Small Range ◽  
Computational Point ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bijective Function ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Element Base ◽  
Selection Of

The construction and selection of a suitable bijective function, that is, substitution, is now becoming an important applied task, particularly for building block encryption systems. Many articles have suggested using different approaches to determining the quality of substitution, but most of them are highly computationally complex. The solution of this problem will significantly expand the range of methods for constructing and analyzing scheme in information protection systems. The purpose of research is to find easily measurable characteristics of substitutions, allowing to evaluate their quality, and also measures of the proximity of a particular substitutions to a random one, or its distance from it. For this purpose, several characteristics were proposed in this work: difference and polynomial, and their mathematical expectation was found, as well as variance for the difference characteristic. This allows us to make a conclusion about its quality by comparing the result of calculating the characteristic for a particular substitution with the calculated mathematical expectation. From a computational point of view, the thesises of the article are of exceptional interest due to the simplicity of the algorithm for quantifying the quality of bijective function substitutions. By its nature, the operation of calculating the difference characteristic carries out a simple summation of integer terms in a fixed and small range. Such an operation, both in the modern and in the prospective element base, is embedded in the logic of a wide range of functional elements, especially when implementing computational actions in the optical range, or on other carriers related to the field of nanotechnology.

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