scholarly journals Whole Genome Sequencing of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis Clinical Isolates Reveals Variable Composite SCCmec ACME among Different STs in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Oman

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1824
Author(s):  
Zaaima Al-Jabri ◽  
Zahra AL-Shabibi ◽  
Atika AL-Bimani ◽  
Amal AL-Hinai ◽  
Ammar AL-Shabibi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Sccmec Type ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Mercury Resistance ◽  
Type I ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Blood Stream Infections

Staphylococcus epidermidis has been recently recognized as an emerging nosocomial pathogen. There are concerns over the increasing virulence potential of this commensal due to the capabilities of transferring mobile genetic elements to Staphylococcus aureus through staphylococcal chromosomal cassette (SCCmec) and the closely related arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME) and the copper and mercury resistance island (COMER). The potential pathogenicity of S. epidermidis, particularly from blood stream infections, has been poorly investigated. In this study, 24 S. epidermidis isolated from blood stream infections from Oman were investigated using whole genome sequence analysis. Core genome phylogenetic trees revealed one third of the isolates belong to the multidrug resistance ST-2. Genomic analysis unraveled a common occurrence of SCCmec type IV and ACME element predominantly type I arranged in a composite island. The genetic composition of ACME was highly variable among isolates of same or different STs. The COMER-like island was absent in all of our isolates. Reduced copper susceptibility was observed among isolates of ST-2 and ACME type I, followed by ACME type V. In conclusion, in this work, we identify a prevalent occurrence of highly variable ACME elements in different hospital STs of S. epidermidis in Oman, thus strongly suggesting the hypothesis that ACME types evolved from closely related STs.

scholarly journals Spectrum of non-fermenting gram negative bacilli isolated from patients with blood stream infections in a tertiary care hospital in North India

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1762
Author(s):  
Asifa Nazir ◽  
Bushra Yousuf Peerzada ◽  
Ifshana Sana
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Intrinsic Resistance ◽  
Blood Stream Infections ◽  
Gram Negative

Background: Non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli (NFGNB) are emerging as important causes of blood stream infections (BSI) and they are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. High intrinsic resistance of NFGNB to antimicrobial compounds makes the treatment of BSIs caused by them difficult and expensive. The aim of this study was to assess frequency and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of non-fermenting gram-negative rods isolated from blood culture of patients.Methods: A total of 3016 blood samples were received in the Department of Microbiology during the study period. All samples were processed according to standard microbiological procedures. Blood culture was done by automated blood culture system, (BacT/Alert) and identification and antibiotic susceptibility of non-fermenting gram negative bacilli was done by VITEK2 Compact System.Results: A total of 120 NFGNB were identified out of which the most common non-fermenters isolated were Acinetobacter sp. (95) followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (11), Burkholderia cepacia (09) Sternotrophomonas maltophilia (03) and Sphingomonas sp. (02). Most of the non -fermenters were multi drug resistant showing a high level of antibiotic resistance to most of the first- and second-line drugs. The most effective drugs were colistin and tigecycline.Conclusions: This study underlines the need to identify NFGNB in tertiary care hospitals and to monitor their susceptibility pattern to guide the clinician for better care and management of patients. Improved antibiotic stewardship and strict infection control measures especially hand washing need to be implemented to prevent emergence and spread of multidrug resistant NFGNB in health care settings.

scholarly journals Genomic diversity of antibiotic multi-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from a tertiary care hospital in México City

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Cabrera-Contreras ◽  
Rosa I Santamaría ◽  
Patricia Bustos ◽  
Irma Martínez-Flores ◽  
Enrique Meléndez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mexico City ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Worldwide Distribution

Staphylococcus epidermidis is a human commensal and opportunistic pathogen worldwide distributed. To ascertain which pathogenic S. epidermidis clones are circulating in a local tertiary hospital setting, we sequenced the complete genomes of 17 S. epidermidis isolates obtained from neonatal infections at a Hospital Care Unit in México City. Genomic comparisons between S. epidermidis isolates revealed high pairwise whole genome nucleotide identities of about 97% to 99% and essentially a clonal structure. We inferred eight Multilocus Sequence Types (MLST´s), six of them of worldwide distribution, and two showing allelic variants, not in MLST databases. The profile of virulence includes genes involved in biofilm and modulin formation; most of the strains are multi-resistant to methicillin and several other beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, and macrolides. Uneven distribution of insertion sequences, phages, and CRISPR-Cas immunity phage systems suggest frequent horizontal gene transfer. Rates of recombination between S. epidermidis strains were more frequent than the mutation rate and affected the whole genome. Therefore, recombination properties shape the population structure of local nosocomial S. epidermidis strains, formed by pathogenic and probably, non-pathogenic clones.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Central Venous Catheter Associated Blood Stream Infections: A Microbiological Observational Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinay Khanna ◽  
Chiranjay Mukhopadhayay ◽  
Vandana K. E. ◽  
Murlidhar Verma ◽  
Partha Dabke
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Venous Catheter ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Attributable Mortality ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Exit Site ◽  
Blood Stream Infections ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Substantial Morbidity

There are substantial morbidity and mortality associated with vascular catheter use among crictically ill patients. The attributable mortality is 10% to 25% which is associated with bacteremia among those who are hospitalized. This study was undertaken to identify catheter related blood stream infections, to isolate pathogenic microorganisms present in intravascular catheter related local infections, exit site infections, and to determine the predisposing factors for the development of such infections and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the isolated organisms in tertiary care hospital.

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