scholarly journals Dietary Microencapsulated Blend of Organic Acids and Plant Essential Oils Affects Intestinal Morphology and Microbiome of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 2063
Author(s):  
David Huyben ◽  
Marcia Chiasson ◽  
John S. Lumsden ◽  
Phuc H. Pham ◽  
Mohiuddin A. Kabir Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Alpha And Beta Diversity ◽  
Distal Intestine ◽  
Plant Essential Oils

A study was conducted on 500 juvenile rainbow trout (122 ± 4 g) fed either a control diet or a treatment diet containing 300 mg/kg of a microencapsulated blend of organic acids and essential oils to elucidate effects on intestinal morphology and microbiome. Proximal intestinal villi length was significantly increased in fish fed the treatment diet. Despite no differences in gut inflammation scores, edema, lamina propria inflammation and apoptosis were completely absent in the distal intestine of fish fed the treatment diet. Next-generation sequencing of the 16S rDNA showed no differences in alpha and beta diversity, and gut bacteria were mainly composed of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria. On the genus level, LefSe analysis of indicator OTUs showed Bacteroides, Sporosarcina, Veillonella, Aeromonas and Acinetobacter were associated with the control diet whereas Streptococcus, Fusobacterium and Escherichia were associated with the treatment diet. Aeromonas hydrophila and Acinetobacter spp. are opportunistic pathogens and several strains have been found to be resistant to antibiotics. The increase in villi length and reduction of specific pathogens indicates that feeding a microencapsulated blend of organic acids and essential oils improves gut health and may serve as a part of an effective strategy to reduce antibiotic use in aquaculture.

scholarly journals Encapsulated blends of essential oils and organic acids improved performance, intestinal morphology, cecal microflora, and jejunal enzyme activity of broilers

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 189-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Yun Gao ◽  
Xing-Li Zhang ◽  
Li-Hui Xu ◽  
Hui Peng ◽  
Chang-Kang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chymotrypsin Activity ◽  
Antibiotic Group ◽  
Cecal Microflora

This study investigated effects of encapsulated blends of essential oils (EO) and organic acids (OA) on performance, intestinal morphology, cecal microflora, and jejunal mucosal enzyme activity and secretory IgA (s-IgA) level of broilers. Three hundred one-day-old male broilers were divided into 5 treatments with 5 replicates each. Control group received basal diet. Three additional groups received basal diets supplemented with 150, 200, or 250 mg/kg encapsulated blends of EO and OA. Antibiotic group received basal diet supplemented with 30 mg/kg bacitracin zinc. On days 21 and 70 of trial, 2 broilers from each replicate were weighed, and then blood, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and cecum samples were collected. Results showed that broilers fed blends of EO and OA had greater average daily gain (ADG) (linear, P = 0.043) and gain-to-feed ratio (G : F) (linear, P = 0.052) at day 21 compared to broilers fed the control diet. Blends of EO and OA reduced cecal Escherichia coli and Salmonella level of 21- and 70-day-old broilers (linear, P < 0.01). Jejunum villus height-to-crypt depth ratio (VCR) of 21-day-old broilers was elevated by blends of EO and OA (linear, P = 0.041) compared to control. Blends of EO and OA promoted chymotrypsin activity at day 21 (quadratic, P = 0.014), jejunal mucosal s-IgA content at day 70 (linear, P = 0.012), α-amylase activity at day 70 (quadratic, P = 0.043), and chymotrypsin activity at day 70 (quadratic, P = 0.037). Compared to control, antibiotic group increased ADG at day 21 (P = 0.039), decreased cecal Salmonella level at day 21 (P = 0.018), enhanced jejunum VCR at day 21 (P = 0.049), and elevated jejunal mucosal s-IgA content at day 21 (P = 0.016). It can be stated that EO and OA blends enhanced performance, increased jejunal s-IgA level and enzyme activity, improved intestinal morphology, and balanced intestinal microflora of broilers.

scholarly journals Dietary Inclusion of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia Illucens) Larvae Meal and Paste Improved Gut Health but Had Minor Effects on Skin Mucus Proteome and Immune Response in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pabodha Weththasinghe ◽  
Leidy Lagos ◽  
Marcos Cortés ◽  
Jon Øvrum Hansen ◽  
Margareth Øverland
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Skin Mucus ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Hermetia Illucens ◽  
Distal Intestine ◽  
Pyloric Caeca

The present study investigated effects of dietary inclusion of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) (Hermetia illucens) meal and paste on gut health, plasma biochemical parameters, immune response and skin mucus proteome in pre-smolt Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). The seven-week experiment consisted of seven experimental diets: a control diet based on fishmeal and plant protein (Control-1); three BSFL meal diets, substituting 6.25% (6.25IM), 12.5% (12.5IM) and 25% (25IM) of protein; two BSFL paste diets, substituting 3.7% (3.7IP) and 6.7% (6.7IP) of protein and an extra control diet with 0.88% of formic acid (Control-2). The 6.25IM diet reduced enterocyte steatosis in pyloric caeca, improved distal intestine histology, and reduced IgM in distal intestine. The fish fed 12.5IM diet reduced enterocyte steatosis in pyloric caeca, improved distal intestine histology, had a higher plasma lysozyme content compared to 6.25IM, and tend to increase phagocytic activity in head-kidney macrophages-like cells. On the other hand, 25IM diet improved distal intestine histology, but showed mild-moderate enterocyte steatosis in pyloric caeca, increased IFNγ and reduced IgM in distal intestine. In the case of BSFL paste diets, 3.7IP diet caused mild inflammatory changes in distal intestine, although it reduced enterocyte steatosis in pyloric caeca. The 6.7IP diet reduced enterocyte steatosis in pyloric caeca and improved distal intestine histology. Increasing level of BSFL meal in the diet linearly decreased plasma C-reactive protein, whereas increasing level of BSFL paste linearly increased plasma antioxidant capacity. Dietary inclusion of BSFL meal and paste had minor effects on the expression profile of proteins in skin mucus and no effects on immune markers in splenocytes. BSFL meal showed no negative effect on liver and muscle health as indicated by plasma alanine aminotranseferase, asparate aminotransferase and creatine kinase. The present study showed that replacing conventional protein sources with low to moderate levels of BSFL meal (6.25% and 12.5%) or paste (3.7% and 6.7%) reduced enterocyte steatosis in pyloric caeca, while replacing up to 25% with BSFL meal or 6.7% with paste improved distal intestine histology. Further, dietary inclusion of BSFL meal and paste had minor effects on skin mucus proteome and immune response in Atlantic salmon.

scholarly journals Effects of Microencapsulated Blend of Organic Acids and Essential Oils as a Feed Additive on Quality of Chicken Breast Meat

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 640
Author(s):  
Alessandro Stamilla ◽  
Nunziatina Russo ◽  
Antonino Messina ◽  
Carmine Spadaro ◽  
Antonio Natalello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Initial Time ◽  
Chicken Breast ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Breast Meat ◽  
Cooked Meat

The present study aims to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation based on a blend of microencapsulated organic acids (sorbic and citric) and essential oils (thymol and vanillin) on chicken meat quality. A total of 420 male Ross 308 chicks were randomly assigned to two dietary treatments: the control group was fed with conventional diet (CON), while the other group received the control diet supplemented with 0.5% of a microencapsulated blend of organic acids and essential oils (AVI). In breast meat samples, intramuscular fat content and saturated/polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio were reduced by AVI supplementation (p < 0.05). Moreover, atherogenic (p < 0.01) and thrombogenic (p < 0.05) indices were lower in AVI than CON treatment. AVI raw meat showed a lower density of psychrotrophic bacteria (p < 0.05) at an initial time, and higher loads of enterococci after 4 days of refrigerated storage (p < 0.05). No contamination of Listeria spp., Campylobacter spp., and Clostridium spp. was found. TBARS values of the cooked meat were lower in the AVI treatment compared to CON (p < 0.01). Among colour parameters, a*, b* and C* values increased between 4 and 7 days of storage in AVI cooked meat (p < 0.05). Overall, organic acids and essential oils could improve the quality and shelf-life of poultry meat.

scholarly journals Effects of a microencapsulated formula of organic acids and essential oils on nutrient absorption, immunity, gut barrier function, and abundance of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli F4 in weaned piglets challenged with E. coli F4

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janghan Choi ◽  
Lucy Wang ◽  
Shangxi Liu ◽  
Peng Lu ◽  
Xiaoya Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Mrna Abundance ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Protein Abundance ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Gut Barrier Function

Abstract The objective was to study the effects of microencapsulated organic acids (OA) and essential oils (EO) on growth performance, immune system, gut barrier function, nutrient digestion and absorption, and abundance of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli F4 (ETEC F4) in the weaned piglets challenged with ETEC F4. Twenty-four ETEC F4 susceptible weaned piglets were randomly distributed to 4 treatments including (1) sham-challenged control (SSC; piglets fed a control diet and challenged with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)); (2) challenged control (CC; piglets fed a control diet and challenged with ETEC F4); (3) antibiotic growth promoters (AGP; CC + 55 mg·kg–1 of Aureomycin); and (4) microencapsulated OA and EO [P(OA+EO); (CC + 2 g·kg−1 of microencapsulated OA and EO]. The ETEC F4 infection significantly induced diarrhea at 8, 28, 34, and 40 hr postinoculation (hpi) (P &lt; 0.05) in the CC piglets. At 28 d postinoculation (dpi), piglets fed P(OA+EO) had a lower (P &lt; 0.05) diarrhea score compared with those fed CC, but the P(OA+EO) piglets had a lower (P &lt; 0.05) diarrhea score compared with those fed the AGP diets at 40 dpi. The ETEC F4 infection tended to increase in vivo gut permeability measured by the oral gavaging fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran 70 kDa (FITC-D70) assay in the CC piglets compared with the SCC piglets (P = 0.09). The AGP piglets had higher FITC-D70 flux than P(OA+EO) piglets (P &lt; 0.05). The ETEC F4 infection decreased mid-jejunal VH in the CC piglets compared with the SCC piglets (P &lt; 0.05). The P(OA+EO) piglets had higher (P &lt; 0.05) VH in the mid-jejunum than the CC piglets. The relative mRNA abundance of Na+-glucose cotransporter and B0AT1 was reduced (P &lt; 0.05) by ETEC F4 inoculation when compared with the SCC piglets. The AGP piglets had a greater relative mRNA abundance of B0AT1 than the CC piglets (P &lt; 0.05). The ETEC F4 inoculation increased the protein abundance of OCLN (P &lt; 0.05), and the AGP piglets had the lowest relative protein abundance of OCLN among the challenged groups (P &lt; 0.05). The supplementation of microencapsulated OA and EO enhanced intestinal morphology and showed anti-diarrhea effects in weaned piglets challenged with ETEC F4. Even if more future studies can be required for further validation, this study brings evidence that microencapsulated OA and EO combination can be useful within the tools to be implemented in strategies for alternatives to antibiotics in swine production.

scholarly journals Microencapsulated acids associated with essential oils and acid salts for piglets in the nursery phase

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 2193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Aurelio Callegari ◽  
Aliny Ketilim Novais ◽  
Eduardo Raele Oliveira ◽  
Cleandro Pazinato Dias ◽  
Dalita Laurinha Schmoller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Fumaric Acid ◽  
Malic Acid ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Acid Salts

The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of commercial blends of organic and inorganic acids combined with essential oils for piglets in the nursery phase. The formulations were administered as microcapsules or as acid salts. Ninety-six, Pen Ar Lan, barrow and female piglets, weaned at a body weight of 600 kg ± 12 kg and age of 23 days were subjected to four treatments. The animals were distributed in randomized blocks of three animals per pen and 8 replicates per treatment. The treatments consisted of four different diets: control (free of organic acids); acid and essential oil blends (fumaric acid 10,5%, malic acid 8.0%, essential oils; in microencapsulated form); microencapsulated acid blend (phosphoric acid 10%, citric acid 10%, malic acid 10%, fumaric acid 20%; in microencapsulated form); and acid salt blend (formic acid 40.5%, phosphoric acid 13.6%, propionic acid 4.9% and salts (23.2% calcium and 4.4% phosphorus available). The performance parameters, digestive transit time, weights of organs of the digestive tract, bacterial count of feces (Lactobacillus, E coli and Salmonella ssp and Clostridium), pH of the stomach and duodenal content did not differ between treatment groups (P &gt; 005). All treatments containing organic acids exhibited positive effects on diarrhea control (P &lt; 005). The cecal contents of volatile fatty acids (VFA) were higher in piglets fed diets containing acids than in animals that received the control diet (P &lt; 005), and blends containing essential oils improved the jejunum villus height compared with the control group. The use of diets containing acids improved diarrhea control and VFA production in the cecum, and specifically the diets containing microencapsulated acid blends required the lowest doses to be effective.

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