scholarly journals Attachment of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli (STEC) to Pre-Chill and Post-Chill Beef Brisket Tissue

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2320
Author(s):  
Daniel A. Unruh ◽  
Bennett C. Uhl ◽  
Randall K. Phebus ◽  
Sara E. Gragg
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Meat Processing ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Intervention Efficacy ◽  
Lean Beef ◽  
Contaminated Food

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) has caused numerous foodborne illness outbreaks where beef was implicated as the contaminated food source. Understanding how STEC attach to beef surfaces may inform effective intervention applications at the abattoir. This simulated meat processing conditions to measure STEC attachment to adipose and lean beef tissue. Beef brisket samples were warmed to a surface temperature of 30 °C (warm carcass), while the remaining samples were maintained at 4 °C (cold carcass), prior to surface inoculation with an STEC cocktail (O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, O145, and O157:H7). Cocktails were grown in either tryptic soy broth (TSB) or M9 minimal nutrient medium. Loosely and firmly attached cells were measured at 0, 3, 5, and 20 min and 1, 3, 8, 12, 24 and 48 h. TSB-grown STEC cells became more firmly attached throughout storage and a difference in loosely versus firmly attached populations on lean and adipose tissues was observed. M9-grown STEC demonstrated a 0.2 log10 CFU/cm2 difference in attachment to lean versus adipose tissue and variability in populations was recorded throughout sampling. Future research should investigate whether a decrease in intervention efficacy correlates to an increase in firmly attached STEC cells on chilled carcasses and/or subprimals, which has been reported.

Presence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Escherichia coli in Ready-to-Eat Foods in Shaanxi, China

2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 420-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allah Bux Baloch ◽  
Hua Yang ◽  
Yuqing Feng ◽  
Meili Xi ◽  
Qian Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Future Research ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Class 1 Integrons ◽  
Toxin Genes ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Shiga Toxin Genes ◽  
Cooked Meat

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to determine the presence and characteristics of Escherichia coli in ready-to-eat (RTE) foods. A total of 300 RTE foods samples were collected in Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China: 50 samples of cooked meat, 165 samples of vegetable salad, 50 samples of cold noodles, and 35 samples of salted boiled peanuts. All samples were collected during summer (in July to October) 2011 and 2012 and surveyed for the presence of E. coli. E. coli isolates recovered were classified by phylogenetic typing using a PCR assay. The presence of Shiga toxin genes 1 (stx1) and 2 (stx2) was determined for these E. coli isolates by PCR, and all isolates were analyzed for antimicrobial susceptibility and the presence of class 1 integrons. Overall, 267 (89.0%) RTE food samples were positive for E. coli: 49 cold noodle, 46 cooked meat, 150 salad vegetable, and 22 salted boiled peanut samples. Of the 267 E. coli isolates, 73.0% belong to phylogenetic group A, 12.4% to group B1, 6.4% to group B2, and 8.2% to group D. All isolates were negative for both Shiga toxin genes. Among the isolates, 74.2% were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent, and 17.6% were resistant to three or more antimicrobial agents. Resistance to ampicillin (75.6% of isolates) and tetracycline (73.1% of isolates) was most frequently detected; 26.2% of E. coli isolates and 68.8% of multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates were positive for class 1 integrons. All isolates were sensitive to amikacin. Our findings indicate that RTE foods in Shaanxi were commonly contaminated with antibiotic-resistant E. coli, which may pose a risk for consumer health and for transmission of antibiotic resistance. Future research is warranted to track the contamination sources and develop appropriate steps that should be taken by government, industry, and retailers to reduce microbial contamination in RTE foods.

scholarly journals An outbreak of diarrhoea due to multiple antimicrobial-resistant Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O26[ratio ]H11 in a nursery

2001 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. HIRUTA ◽  
T. MURASE ◽  
N. OKAMURA
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
The Other ◽  
Haemolytic Uremic Syndrome ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Electrophoretic Patterns ◽  
Transmissible Plasmid ◽  
Contaminated Food ◽  
Uremic Syndrome

An outbreak due to Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O26[ratio ]H11 (STEC) occurred at a nursery in southeastern Japan in 1997. Thirty-two children had watery or bloody diarrhoea but none of them suffered from haemolytic-uremic syndrome. All of the STEC O26 were isolated during the period from 23 July to 22 August from 24 children, 3 nurses, and 2 food samples. These organisms had stx1 and eae genes but none of the other genes for which we tested (stx2, bfp, and EAF plasmid). They also possessed multiple antimicrobial resistances, which were encoded by a transmissible plasmid, and showed mostly identical genomic pulsed-field gel electrophoretic patterns. The results of this investigation suggested that contaminated food was the main contributing factor to this multiple antimicrobial-resistant STEC O26 infection, and person-to-person transmission also contributed to the spread of this outbreak.

Salt at concentrations relevant to meat processing enhances Shiga toxin 2 production in Escherichia coli O157:H7

2012 ◽  
Vol 159 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaun M. Harris ◽  
Wan-Fu Yue ◽  
Sarena A. Olsen ◽  
Jia Hu ◽  
Warrie J. Means ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Meat Processing ◽  
Shiga Toxin 2

scholarly journals Detection of Escherichia coli Contamination using Most Probable Number (MPN) methods in Chicken Meats in Market of Surabaya

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Dhandy Koesoemo Wardhana ◽  
Devi Ayu Safitri ◽  
Suwaibatul Annisa ◽  
Mustofa Helmi Effendi ◽  
Nenny Harijani
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Consumer Health ◽  
Meat Processing ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Minimum Requirement ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Contaminated Food

Foodborne diseases are diseases transmitted through contaminated food and are one of the main public health problems. The bacteria that usually contaminates chicken meat is Escherichia coli. E. coli contamination in chicken meat can affect consumer health. Chicken meat processing and market conditions affect the level of bacteria contamination. This study aims to measure the contamination of E. coli bacteria in chicken meat in Surabaya's markets. The method which used to count and estimate the number of E. coli bacteria found in chicken meat in this study was Most Probable Number (MPN). The results showed 20 samples (33.3%) from 60 samples gave negative results. This indicated that only 20 samples of chicken meat were safe for consumption because the MPN value is <1 × 101 CFU/g while the remaining 40 samples (66.7%) were not safe for consumption because the MPN value is> 1 × 101 CFU/g. The standard of SNI 3924: 2009 concerning the minimum requirement for the amount of E. coli contamination in chicken meat is 1×101 CFU/g so that the contamination of E. coli which found in chicken meat in Surabaya was high.

scholarly journals Prevalence and epidemiology of non-O157 Escherichia coli serogroups O26, O103, O111, O145 and Shiga toxin gene carriage in Scottish cattle, 2014-2015.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah V. Hoyle ◽  
Marianne Keith ◽  
Helen Williamson ◽  
Kareen Macleod ◽  
Heather Mathie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Clinical Situation ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Toxin Gene ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Herd Level ◽  
Contaminated Food ◽  
Serious Disease

Cattle are a reservoir for Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), zoonotic pathogens that cause serious clinical disease. Scotland has a higher incidence of STEC infection in the human population than the European average. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and epidemiology of non-O157 serogroups O26, O103, O111, O145, and Shiga toxin gene carriage, in Scottish cattle. Faecal samples (n = 2783) were collected from 110 herds between 2014-2015 and screened by real-time PCR. Herd-level prevalence (95% CI) for O103, O26 and O145 was estimated as 0.71 (0.62, 0.79), 0.43 (0.34, 0.52) and 0.23 (0.16, 0.32), respectively. Only two herds were positive for O111. Shiga toxin prevalence was high in both herds and pats, particularly for stx2 (herd-level: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.94, 1.0). O26 bacterial strains were isolated from 36 herds on culture. Fifteen herds yielded O26 stx-positive isolates that additionally harboured the intimin gene; six of these herds shed highly pathogenic stx2a-positive strains. Multiple serogroups were detected in herds and pats, with only 25 herds negative for all serogroups. Despite overlap in detection, regional and seasonal effects were observed. Higher herd prevalence for O26, O103 and stx1 occurred in the South West and this region was significant for stx2 at the pat-level (P = 0.015). Significant seasonal variation was observed for O145 prevalence, highest in autumn (P = 0.032). Negative herds were associated with Central Scotland and winter. Herds positive for all serogroups were associated with autumn, larger herd size and were not housed at sampling. IMPORTANCE Cattle are reservoirs for Shiga toxin Escherichia coli (STEC), bacteria shed in animal faeces. Human are infected through consumption of contaminated food or water, and by direct contact, causing serious disease and kidney failure in the most vulnerable. The contribution of non-O157 serogroups to STEC illness was underestimated for many years, due to the lack of specific tests. Recently non-O157 human cases have increased, with O26 STEC of particular note. It is therefore vital to investigate the level and composition of non-O157 in the cattle reservoir, and compare to historical levels and the clinical situation. In this study we found cattle prevalence high for toxin, as well as O103 and O26 serogroups. Pathogenic O26 STEC were isolated from 14% of study herds, with toxin subtypes similar to that seen in Scottish clinical cases. This study highlights the current risk to public health from non-O157 STEC in Scottish cattle.

Biofilm formation by Non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in monocultures and co-cultures with meat processing surface bacteria

2022 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 103902
Author(s):  
Yuan Fang ◽  
Jeyachchandran Visvalingam ◽  
Peipei Zhang ◽  
Xianqin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Meat Processing

Occurrence of the seven most common serotypes of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in beef cuts produced in meat-processing plants in the state of São Paulo, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Gonçalves Marquezini ◽  
Luis Henrique da Costa ◽  
Renata Bromberg
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Meat Industry ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Meat Processing ◽  
Multiplex Pcr Assay ◽  
Meat Samples

Healthy cattle are considered the main reservoir of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains, so in some places in the world, products derived from beef are the most common source for disease outbreaks caused by these bacteria. Therefore, in order to guarantee that the beef produced by our slaughterhouses is safe, there is a need for continuous monitoring of these bacteria. In this study, 215 beef cuts were evaluated, including chilled vacuum-packed striploins (151 samples), rib eyes (30 samples), and knuckles (34 samples), from March to June, 2018. These meat samples were collected from the slaughter of unconfined cattle, being arbitrarily collected from eight meat-processing companies in São Paulo state, Brazil. Each sample was examined for the presence of STEC toxin type ( stx 1 and/or stx 2 genes) and also the E. coli attaching-and-effacing ( eae ) gene, which were determined by a multiplex PCR assay. Here we show that the major seven STEC strains (O serogroups O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, O145, and O157) are not detected in any of the analyzed beef cut samples; however, three of them presented the virulence eae gene. Therefore, the absence of STEC strains in the beef samples may be an indication of the low prevalence of this pathogen in the cattle herd on the farm, associated with good hygiene and handling practices adopted by the meat industry.

Microflora Isolated from Imported Frozen Lean Beef Pieces1

1978 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. OBLINGER ◽  
J. E. KENNEDY
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Microbial Flora ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Meat Processing ◽  
Microbial Counts ◽  
Lean Beef ◽  
Fecal Streptococci ◽  
Yeasts And Molds

Forty samples of frozen imported lean beef pieces from six countries were obtained from two centralized meat processing operations. The samples were analyzed for total aerobic counts (35, 20, 7 C), yeasts and molds, fecal streptococci, Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium perfringens, total coliforms, fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella. Characterization of the microbial flora from 20 of the samples was also done. Microbial counts were consistently low in all analyses; no Clostridium perfringens or Salmonella was recovered from any samples. The microbial flora was predominantly Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium, Moraxella, Acinetobacter, Corynebacterium, Micrococcus, Staphylococcus and Lactobacillus; the remaining isolates included Alcaligenes, Erwinia, Citrobacter, Klebsiella, Streptococcus, Bacillus and Arthrobacter.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequences of 12 Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Dairy Cattle in Portugal

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (38) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregor Fiedler ◽  
Andressa Ballem ◽  
Erik Brinks ◽  
Carina Almeida ◽  
Charles M. A. P. Franz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The North ◽  
Contaminated Food

ABSTRACT Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is a foodborne pathogen transmitted from animals to humans through contaminated food. Cattle are the main reservoir of STEC, but their genetic diversity is still poorly characterized, especially regarding strains isolated in Portugal. We therefore present the draft genomic sequences of 12 STEC strains isolated from cattle in the north of Portugal.

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