scholarly journals Sulfide Rb-Sr, Re-Os and In Situ S Isotopic Constraints on Two Mineralization Events at the Large Hongnipo Cu Deposit, SW China

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 414
Author(s):  
Lujun Lin ◽  
Renyi Chen ◽  
Zhenshan Pang ◽  
Hui Chen ◽  
Jianling Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Copper Deposit ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
86Sr Ratio ◽  
Sw China ◽  
Vein Type ◽  
Neoproterozoic Magmatism ◽  
Host Rocks

The Hongnipo deposit, a newly discovered large copper deposit in the Kangdian copper belt, SW China, is hosted in the Paleoproterozoic Hekou Group. This deposit contains ~4200 Mt of Cu ores, with an average grade of 1.42 wt.% Cu. Orebodies occur mainly as stratiform, stratoid and lenticular forms. Mineralization consists predominantly of high grade vein-type ores and low grade laminated ores. Field relationships indicate vein-type mineralization crosscuts laminated mineralization and host rocks, indicating that there were at least two mineralization events during the formation of the deposit. Pyrite separates from the laminated ores yield a Rb-Sr isochron age of 1552 ± 80 Ma, with a highly radiogenic initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0.71214 ± 0.00081, indicating a major contribution from the ore-hosting rocks. Sulfides from the laminated ores have δ34S values ranging from −1.8‰ to 11.4‰, with the vast majority in the range of 5.3‰ to 11.4‰, suggesting the mixed derivation of sulfur from seawater sulfates and magmatic fluids. Chalcopyrite separates from the vein-type ores have a Re-Os isochron age of 794.8 ± 7.9 Ma. The initial 187Os/188Os (2.8 ± 1.2) and γOs (+2202) values are slightly lower than the average values of continental crust, indicating a major metal source of the Hekou Group with minor mantle input. Sulfides from the vein-type ores have δ34S values that range from −10.3‰ to 4.0‰ and cluster between 0‰ to 2.2‰, which implies a significant contribution of magmatic-sourced sulfur with minor biogenic sulfur. Two major mineralization events have been identified. The Rb-Sr age of the laminated ores likely records a VMS mineralization event at ~1.6 Ga. The much younger Re-Os age is considered to represent the timing of an important mineralization event, which is likely related to the Neoproterozoic magmatism and/or metamorphism and represents a newly documented mineralization event to be targeted by exploration.

scholarly journals Expression of Semaphorin 3A in Malignant and Normal Bladder Tissue: Immunohistochemistry Staining and Morphometric Evaluation

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Ilan Bejar ◽  
Jacob Rubinstein ◽  
Jacob Bejar ◽  
Edmond Sabo ◽  
Hilla K Sheffer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Carcinoma In Situ ◽  
Urothelial Cancer ◽  
Basal Layer ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Bladder Tissue ◽  
Normal Bladder ◽  
Normal Bladder Tissue

Introduction: Our previous studies showed elevated levels of Semaphorin3a (Sema3A) in the urine of patients with urothelial cancer compared to healthy patients. The aim of this study was to analyze the extent of Sema3A expression in normal and malignant urothelial tissue using immune-staining microscopic and morphometric analysis. Materials and Methods: Fifty-seven paraffin-embedded bladder samples were retrieved from our pathology archive and analyzed: 14 samples of normal urothelium, 21 samples containing low-grade urothelial carcinoma, 13 samples of patients with high-grade urothelial carcinoma, 7 samples containing muscle invasive urothelial carcinoma, and 2 samples with pure urothelial carcinoma in situ. All samples were immunostained with anti Sema3A antibodies. The area of tissue stained with Sema3A and its intensity were analyzed using computerized morphometry and compared between the samples’ groups. Results: In normal bladder tissue, very light Sema3A staining was demonstrated on the mucosal basal layer and completely disappeared on the apical layer. In low-grade tumor samples, cells in the basal layer of the mucosa were also lightly stained with Sema3A, but Seama3A expression intensified upon moving apically, reaching its highest level on apical cells exfoliating to the urine. In high grade urothelial tumors, Seama3A staining was intense in the entire thickness of the mucosa. In samples containing carcinoma in situ, staining intensity was high and homogenous in all the neoplastic cells. Conclusions: Sema3A may be serve as a potential non-invasive marker of urothelial cancer.

scholarly journals Study the activity of P53 & Bcl-2 genes in the biopsies of inflamed colon from patients of ulcerative colitis

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-43
Author(s):  
Zainab M. T. Jafer ◽  
Esmail K. Shubber
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Intermediate Stage ◽  
Hybridization Technique ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Colonic Tissue ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Apoptosis Gene ◽  
Tumor Gene

The study has been done on 36 samples of biopsies which drawn from patients suffered from ulcerative colitis, the samples were taken from female & male of different ages. The goal was to observe the gene expression of the suppresser tumor gene P53, & the suppresser apoptosis gene Bcl-2, by using in situ hybridization technique. The results showed that there were relationships between both genes (P53 & Bcl-2) in patients suffered from ulcerative colitis compared with healthy individuals. The suppresser gene P53 gave 63% in the high grade(3) , 29 % in the intermediate stage (2) & 8% in the low grade (1) .While for the suppresser apoptosis gene Bcl-2 , the results showed increasing in the activity of this gene , which gave 66% in the high grade(3) , 27% in the intermediate stage (2) , & 7% in the low grade (1) . These results indicate accumulated mutations in the gene P53 & increase in the activity of gene Bcl-2 in inflamed colonic tissue of chronic ulcerative colitis. This gave an indication of early detection for diagnostic, therapeutic and monitoring purposes.

scholarly journals Stereotactic Vacuum-Assisted Breast Biopsy in Ductal Carcinoma in situ: Residual Microcalcifications and Intraoperative Findings

Breast Care ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 386-391
Author(s):  
Benedict Krischer ◽  
Serafino Forte ◽  
Gad Singer ◽  
Rahel A. Kubik-Huch ◽  
Cornelia Leo
Keyword(s):  
Ductal Carcinoma In Situ ◽  
Carcinoma In Situ ◽  
Ductal Carcinoma ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Invasive Cancer ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Surgical Specimen

Purpose: The question of overtreatment of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) was raised because a significant proportion of especially low-grade DCIS lesions never progress to invasive cancer. The rationale for the present study was to analyze the value of stereotactic vacuum-assisted biopsy (VAB) for complete removal of DCIS, focusing on the relationship between the absence of residual microcalcifications after stereotactic VAB and the histopathological diagnosis of the definitive surgical specimen. Patients and Methods: Data of 58 consecutive patients diagnosed with DCIS by stereotactic VAB in a single breast center between 2012 and 2017 were analyzed. Patient records from the hospital information system were retrieved, and mammogram reports and images as well as histopathology reports were evaluated. The extent of microcalcifications before and after biopsy as well as the occurrence of DCIS in biopsy and definitive surgical specimens were analyzed and correlated. Results: There was no correlation between the absence of residual microcalcifications in the post-biopsy mammogram and the absence of residual DCIS in the final surgical specimen (p = 0.085). Upstaging to invasive cancer was recorded in 4 cases (13%) but occurred only in the group that had high-grade DCIS on biopsy. Low-grade DCIS was never upgraded to high-grade DCIS in the definitive specimen. Conclusions: The radiological absence of microcalcifications after stereotactic biopsy does not rule out residual DCIS in the final surgical specimen. Since upstaging to invasive cancer is seen in a substantial proportion of high-grade DCIS, the surgical excision of high-grade DCIS should remain the treatment of choice.

scholarly journals The breast pre-cancer atlas illustrates the molecular and micro-environmental diversity of ductal carcinoma in situ

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Nachmanson ◽  
Adam Officer ◽  
Hidetoshi Mori ◽  
Jonathan Gordon ◽  
Mark F. Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ductal Carcinoma In Situ ◽  
Carcinoma In Situ ◽  
Ductal Carcinoma ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Prognostic Models ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Luminal A ◽  
Environmental Diversity

The increased detection and treatment of early stage breast cancer as well as ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) has not led to significant survival benefits. Therefore, the current standard treatment of DCIS is questionable. An informed evidence-based treatment strategy, and likely de-escalation from the current standards requires new prognostic models built from more comprehensive characterization with objective criteria. Parallel profiling of the molecular landscape and micro-environment in pure DCIS remains challenging due to histological heterogeneity and the inevitable reliance on small archived specimens. Leveraging recent methodological advances, we characterized the mutational, transcriptional, histological and microenvironmental landscape across multiple micro-dissected regions from 39 cases to generate a multi-modal breast precancer atlas. The histological architecture was associated with grade, adiposity, and intrinsic expression subtypes. Similar to previous findings, high-grade lesions had higher mutational burden, including TP53 mutations, while low-grade lesions had more frequent 16q losses and GATA3 mutations. Multi-region analysis revealed most somatic alterations, including whole genome duplication events, were clonal, but genetic divergence increased with distance between regions. In 7/12 evaluable cases, somatic mutations in putative driver genes affected a subset of regions only. This genetic heterogeneity often accompanied phenotypic heterogeneity and regions with low risk features (Normal-like, Luminal A) occurred earlier than those with high-risk features (Her2-like, Basal or necrosis) according to the phylogenetic analysis. The immune-environment was evaluated using multiplex immuno-histochemistry to measure relative stromal and epithelial densities of B lymphocyte (B-cell), T lymphocyte (T-cell) and regulatory T cells (T-reg) and identify 3 immune-states: Active, Suppressed and Excluded (lower epithelial density). All states included both DCIS and adjacent benign regions, and none associated with intrinsic subtypes. The Excluded state was enriched in high-grade DCIS and, compared to benign areas, more likely acquired in DCIS, showing transcriptional evidence of stronger immune-suppression and possible evasion. The breast pre-cancer atlas therefore reveals correlated levels of phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity, including at sub-histological resolution. These uniquely integrated observations will help scope future studies, prioritize candidate markers for progression risk modelling and identify functional similarities in precursor lesions from other types of adenocarcinomas.

Screening for gastrointestinal disease

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satish Keshav ◽  
Alexandra Kent
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Advanced Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Hepatocellular Cancer ◽  
High Grade Dysplasia ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
The Impact

This chapter discusses screening for gastrointestinal disease, including Barrett’s oesophagus (BO), colorectal cancer, and hepatocellular cancer (HCC). In patients with BO, approximately 5% will develop dysplasia, and 10%–50% of the low-grade dysplasias will progress to high-grade dysplasia or adenocarcinoma within 2–5 years. Thus, screening for BO has been developed to reduce the development of adenocarcinoma via the early detection of high-grade dysplasia or cancer in situ. The main aim of colorectal cancer screening is the early detection of polyps and cancers, at a time when treatment is likely to be more effective. Similarly, early detection of HCC is advantageous, as the prognosis in advanced disease is very poor. This chapter describes the current processes of screening for these diseases, and the impact of this screening, as well as screening for gastrointestinal cancer in specific groups.

Determination of expression of platelet derived growth factor receptors (PDGFR) in astrocitic tumors

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 11518-11518 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Barrios ◽  
F. S. Viola ◽  
L. M. Coutinho ◽  
E. Paglioli
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Vasculature ◽  
Molecular Target ◽  
Platelet Derived Growth Factor ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Santa Cruz ◽  
Cell Compartment ◽  
Oncology Unit

11518 Background: PDGF and its receptors (α and β) are frequently expressed together in gliomas raising the possibility that an autocrine/paracrine loop could contribute to the pathogenesis of these tumors. Studies with immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in situ hybridization have clarified that PDGF-α receptors (PDGF-R α) are preferentially expressed in tumor cells, whereas PDGF-β receptors (PDGF-R β) are preferentially expressed in proliferating endotelial cells within the tumor vasculature. Objective: Determine the expression of PDGF-R α and β in astrocitic tumors. Methods: Paraffin blocks samples from patients with a diagnosis of low-grade astrocitoma, anaplastic astrocitoma, and glioblastoma were obtained from the Neuro-Oncology Unit at Hospital São Lucas-PUCRS. These patients presented and were treated from 1996 through 2001. We collected a total of 130 cases: 57 Low-grade astrocitomas (LGA), 13 Anaplastic Astrocitomas (AA), and 60 Glioblastomas (GBM). All cases were studied with standard IHC techniques using antibodies for PDGFR α and β (Santa Cruz Biotechnology). Results: See table . Conclusion: The expression of PDGF-R α and β in low-grade tumors reflects the possible role these receptors may have in the evolution of these neoplasms. More importantly we documented that over 60% of high-grade gliomas (61% in AA; 65% in GBM) show expression of PDGF-R β predominantly in the endothelial cell compartment of the tumors. This is consistent with and reflects the extensive angiogenesis observed in these diseases. The level of expression we encountered identifies an attractive molecular target to explore. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Ability of urovysion FISH analysis to select patients with low- or intermediate-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (LI-NMIBC) for decreased surveillance.

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (7_suppl) ◽  
pp. 283-283
Author(s):  
H. M. Rosevear ◽  
A. J. Lightfoot ◽  
M. A. O'Donnell
Keyword(s):  
First Year ◽  
Fish Analysis ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Screening Intervals ◽  
Muscle Invasive ◽  
Initial Resection

283 Background: Recurrent LI-NMIBC is difficult to detect cytologically, requiring frequent cystoscopies. Urovysion's (Abbot Laboratories, Downers Grove, IL) fluorescent in situ hybridization assay (FISH) detects genetic changes associated with LI-NMIBC and may be useful in identifying patients for extended screening intervals. Methods: Charts of 54 consecutive patients with LI-NMIBC who underwent cystoscopy, cytology, and FISH analysis every 3 months for the first year after resection since 2004 were retrospectively identified and reviewed. We analyzed the number of tumors or high-grade cytologies that would have been missed if surveillance cystoscopy, cytology, and FISH analysis had not been done between 3 and 12 months post-resection for patients with a normal cystoscopy, cytology, and FISH analysis at 3 months after initial resection and compared those results to patients with normal cystoscopy, cytology, and abnormal FISH analysis. Results: Mean age of the 54 patients was 67 (range 25–89) and 41 were males. Thirty-nine patients had normal cystoscopy, cytology, and FISH analysis at 3-months follow-up. If no further surveillance was done until 1 year post-resection, 2 low-grade tumors (3 and 7 mm at 7 months post-resection) and 2 incidents of high-grade cytology would have been missed (4 of 39, 10%). Fifteen patients had normal cystoscopy and cytology but abnormal FISH analysis results at 3 months. If no further surveillance had been done until 1 year after resection, 6 tumors (6 of 15, 40%) (5, 8, 3, 3, 9, 2 mm at 5, 6, 6, 7, 9, 10 months post-resection) and no high-grade cytology would have been missed. Overall, statistically fewer patients with normal compared to abnormal FISH analysis at first follow-up developed tumors before 1 year (4 of 39 vs. 6 of 15, p=0.033). Conclusions: FISH analysis can be used to significantly increase our ability to select patients suitable for extended screening intervals. It may be prudent to include FISH analysis at the first post-resection follow-up before selecting patients with LI-NMIBC for an extended screening interval. [Table: see text]

Utilization of Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization in the Diagnosis of 230 Mesenchymal Neoplasms: An Institutional Experience

2010 ◽  
Vol 134 (12) ◽  
pp. 1797-1803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Munir R. Tanas ◽  
Brian P. Rubin ◽  
Raymond R. Tubbs ◽  
Steven D. Billings ◽  
Erinn Downs-Kelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Clear Cell ◽  
Clear Cell Sarcoma ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Nerve Sheath Tumor ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Round Cell ◽  
Mesenchymal Neoplasms

Abstract Context—Mesenchymal neoplasms harbor characteristic translocations and amplification of gene regions amenable to evaluation by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Objective—To determine the utility of FISH in the diagnosis of mesenchymal neoplasms. Design—Two hundred thirty soft tissue cases analyzed by FISH were reviewed retrospectively. Results—Morphologic patterns where FISH was used included high-grade round cell sarcomas (n  =  67), nonmyogenic spindle cell sarcomas (n  =  40), low-grade myxoid neoplasms (n  =  34), adipocytic neoplasms (n  =  20), and melanocytic neoplasms (n  =  19). Fifty cases did not fit into the previously mentioned categories. SYT FISH (96% of monophasic synovial sarcomas were positive; 0% of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor were positive) and DDIT3 FISH (100% of myxoid/round cell liposarcomas; no other neoplasm positive) were very sensitive and specific. EWSR1 FISH was very sensitive and specific in the differential diagnosis of melanocytic neoplasms (88% of clear cell sarcomas were positive; all melanomas were negative). EWSR1 FISH was sensitive among high-grade round cell sarcomas (positive in 100% of desmoplastic small round cell tumors and 96% of Ewing sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumors) but not specific because clear cell sarcoma, extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma, and a subset of round cell liposarcomas also harbor rearrangements of EWSR1. FUS FISH was very sensitive in detecting low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas (91% positive) but not specific because most myxoid/round cell liposarcomas also contain rearrangements of FUS. All atypical lipomatous tumors were positive for amplification of MDM2, whereas all lipomas were negative. FOXO1A FISH was positive in ∼70% of cases of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. Conclusion—FISH is a useful adjunct in the diagnosis of mesenchymal neoplasms.

scholarly journals UBC®Rapid Test for detection of carcinoma in situ for bladder cancer

Tumor Biology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 101042831770162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorsten H Ecke ◽  
Sarah Weiß ◽  
Carsten Stephan ◽  
Steffen Hallmann ◽  
Dimitri Barski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Carcinoma In Situ ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Muscle Invasive

UBC® Rapid Test is a test that detects fragments of cytokeratins 8 and 18 in urine. We present results of a multicentre study measuring UBC® Rapid Test in bladder cancer patients and healthy controls with focus on carcinoma in situ (CIS) and high-grade bladder cancer. From our study with N = 452 patients, we made a stratified sub-analysis for carcinoma in situ of the urinary bladder. Clinical urine samples were used from 87 patients with tumours of the urinary bladder (23 carcinoma in situ, 23 non-muscle-invasive low-grade tumours, 21 non-muscle-invasive high-grade tumours and 20 muscle-invasive high-grade tumours) and from 22 healthy controls. The cut-off value was defined at 10.0 µg/L. Urine samples were analysed by the UBC® Rapid Test point-of-care system (concile Omega 100 POC reader). Pathological levels of UBC Rapid Test in urine are higher in patients with bladder cancer in comparison to the control group (p < 0.001). Sensitivity was calculated at 86.9% for carcinoma in situ, 30.4% for non-muscle-invasive low-grade bladder cancer, 71.4% for nonmuscle-invasive high grade bladder cancer and 60% for muscle-invasive high-grade bladder cancer, and specificity was 90.9%. The area under the curve of the quantitative UBC® Rapid Test using the optimal threshold obtained by receiveroperated curve analysis was 0.75. Pathological values of UBC® Rapid Test in urine are higher in patients with high-grade bladder cancer in comparison to low-grade tumours and the healthy control group. UBC® Rapid Test has potential to be more sensitive and specific urinary protein biomarker for accurate detection of high-grade patients and could be added especially in the diagnostics for carcinoma in situ and non-muscle-invasive high-grade tumours of urinary bladder cancer.

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