Hepatoprotective Activity of Cichorium endivia L. Extract and Its Chemical Constituents

Objective: To isolate and evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of the crude ethanolic leaf extract of Averrhoa bilimbi Methods: The leaves of Averrhoa bilimbi were extracted by cold maceration using ethanol as a solvent, and the solvent fractions were obtained with petroleum ether and ethyl acetate. Preliminary phytochemical tests were performed for the presence or absence of secondary metabolites. Plant chemical constituents were isolated using column chromatography and characterized by IR,1HNMR,13CNMR and mass spectroscopic values. Albino rats were treated with the vehicles (distilled water or 2% Tween 80), three different doses (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) of the crude ethanol extract and the standard drug (silymarin 100 mg/kg), and the hepatotoxicant paracetamol. Then, the levels of biomarkers of liver injury – such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) – and liver function such as bilirubin were measured along with histopathological examination. Results: Preliminary phytochemical studies shown the presence of n-docosanoic acid and beta sitosterol from petroleum extract and from ethyl acetate a flavonoid apigenin.The ethanol extract suppressed the plasma levels of AST, ALT and ALP (P=0.05) in the aforementioned doses. Maximum hepatoprotective activity was observed at the dose of 400 mg/kg body weight. Conclusion: Averrhoa bilimbi is endowed with hepatoprotective activity, probably with the presence its chemical constituents like sterols,flavonoids and terpenoids.

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KASNI (CICHORIUM INTYBUS L.): A REVIEW ON MEDICINAL UTILITY IN PERSPECTIVE OF UNANI MEDICINE

Indian Journal of Unani Medicine ◽

10.53390/ijum.v13i2.5 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Mohd Afsahul Kalam ◽

Bazila Majeed ◽

Aieman Yaqoob ◽

Riehana Ghani ◽

Shafiqur Rahman

Keyword(s):

Chemical Constituents ◽

Sesquiterpene Lactones ◽

Hepatoprotective Activity ◽

Cichorium Intybus ◽

Perennial Herb ◽

Internal Organs ◽

Unani Medicine ◽

Tartaric Acids ◽

Therapeutic Uses ◽

Bright Blue

Kasni (Cichorium intybus L.) or Chicory is a perennial herb of the dandelion family, (Asteraceae), usually with bright blue flowers, rarely white or pink which is used widely in Unani System of Medicine. It is an erect and procumbent herb that attains about 40-80cm hight. There are two main varieties of Kasni one issweet and second is wild. The most popular variety of Kasni used for medicinal purposes is Cichorium intybus L. Different parts of the herb are used for medicinal purposes like leaves, seeds and root. It is well known for the resolvent action of internal organs and especially for its hepatoprotective and nephroprotective properties, regarding the hepatoprotective activity, chicory extract reduces the levels of hepatic enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase. It contains dietary fiber Inulin which is useful in treating diabetes and constipation. Besides inulin it contains other chemical constituents like sesquiterpene lactones, coumarins, citric and tartaric acids, lactic, acetic, palmitic, pyruvic acid etc. Its leaves contain vitamin B2 and C, root contains series of glucofructosans. The main actions which are attributed to chicory are deobstruent, diuretic, blood purifier, antipyretic and antiinflammatory as mentioned in Unani medicine. It is recommended in the treatment of jaundice, gastritis, ascites, arthritis, asthma and many other disorders, either alone or in compound form. This review gives knowledge on distribution, morphology, phytochemistry and pharmacological aspects along with its therapeutic uses in perspective of Unani System of Medicine.

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Hepatoprotective potential and chemical characterization of Artocarpus lakoocha fruit extract

Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology ◽

10.3329/bjp.v13i1.34117 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 90 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mohammad Saleem ◽

Ammara Asif ◽

Muhammad Furqan Akhtar ◽

Ammara Saleem

Keyword(s):

Liver Toxicity ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Video Clip ◽

Chemical Characterization ◽

Liver Function Tests ◽

Hepatoprotective Activity ◽

Fruit Extract ◽

Full Screen ◽

Dose Dependent

Artocarpus lakoocha fruits are widely consumed as food. The study was aimed at evaluating its hepatoprotective activity and chemical constituents. The extract was analysed by HPLC for the presence of flavonoids and phenolic compounds. Hepatoprotective potential was determined in mice following 8 days of extract or silymarin (standard therapy) administration. Hepatotoxicity was induced by administration of paracetamol (500 mg/kg). The blood and liver of treated and untreated mice were collected 24 hours post-paracetamol intoxication. HPLC analysis confirmed the presence of chromatotropic acid, quercetin, gallic acid, vanillic acid, cinnamic acid, ferulic acid and kaempferol. Acute toxicity study showed no observed effect at more than 2,000 mg/kg. The fruit extract prevented the rise in liver function tests and paracetamol related histopathological alterations. The hepatoprotective activity of extract was dose-dependent. This study confirms the preventive effect of methanolic extract of monkey jack fruits against paracetamol-induced liver toxicity.Video Clip of Methodology:7 min 25 sec: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/v/oyuEIJc8pqU">Full Screen</a> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oyuEIJc8pqU">Alternate</a>

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Evaluation of in vivo Hepatoprotective activity of Mimosa rubicaulis (LAM.) against CCL4 Induced Liver Toxicity

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research ◽

10.47583/ijpsrr.2021.v69i01.018 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 69 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ashpak M. Tamboli ◽

Kiran A. Wadkar

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Enzymes ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Liver Toxicity ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Hepatoprotective Activity ◽

Treated Animal ◽

Ccl4 Administration ◽

Female Wistar Rats

The current study was conducted to assess the hepatoprotective activity of different extracts of M. rubicaulis (Lam.) at (200 and 400 mg/kg) doses b.w. against CCl4 induced liver intoxication in Albino Wistar rats. Male or female Wistar rats about 150 and 200 gm body weight were selected for present study. The animals were divided into thirteen groups, six rats in each group. The extracts and Silymarin-treated animal groups significantly reduced the activities of various biochemical markers such as SGPT, SGOT, ALP, and TB which were elevated by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) intoxication. The extracts of M. rubicaulis (Lam.) showed a dose dependent hepatoprotection activity. Among all the extracts, ethanolic extract produced maximum hepatoprotection (SGPT-83.15 %, SGOT76.82%, ALP-79.33%, TB-80.00%) at a 400mg/kg dose. After CCl4 administration, the levels of hepatic-antioxidant enzymes such as Glutathione (GSH) and Catalase (CAT) were reduced, whereas the level of hepatic lipid peroxidation (-LPO) increased. These hepatic antioxidant enzymes were also restored to normal levels by extracts and Silymarin treatment. The results of the present investigation indicate that all the extracts of M. rubicaulis (Lam.) possess hepatoprotective activity which may be due to the presence of various chemical constituents.

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A novel multidimensional strategy to evaluate Belamcanda chinensis (L) DC and Iris tectorum Maxim based on plant metabolomics, digital reference standard analyzer and biological activities evaluation

Chinese Medicine ◽

10.1186/s13020-021-00494-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hongxu Zhou ◽

Yi Zhang ◽

Hui Liang ◽

Huijie Song ◽

Jiaming Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Activities ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Hepatoprotective Activity ◽

High Abundance ◽

Reference Standard ◽

Linear Calibration ◽

Practical Applications ◽

Plant Metabolomics ◽

Digital Reference ◽

Belamcanda Chinensis

Abstract Background Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC. (BC) belongs to the family of Iridaceae and is widely cultivated and used in many Chinese patent medicine and Chinese medicinal formulae. However, due to the high similarities in appearance such as color and shape to Iris tectorum Maxim (ITM), another plant from the same family, BC is often confused or even misused with ITM. Methods Therefore, in order to distinguish the chemical constituents, qualities and biological activities of BC and ITM, multiple technologies including plant metabolomics, digital reference standard (DRS) analyzer and biological activities assay were employed to provide a sufficient basis for their practical applications. Results In plant metabolomics, the PCA and OPLS-DA score plot indicated the obvious differences in chemical profiling between BC and ITM and 6 compounds were successfully identified to contribute to the differences. In DRS study, the fingerprints of 10 and 8 compounds in BC and ITM were developed based on DRS analyzer, respectively, involving relative retention time (RRT) method and linear calibration using two reference substances (LCTRS) technique. The DRS analyzer also accurately identified 10 and 8 compounds from BC and ITM, respectively, by using only two reference standards. In biological activities assay, BC had a better anticancer effect than ITM due to the high abundance of irigenin, while ITM showed stronger hepatoprotective activity than BC because of the high abundance of tectoridin. Conclusions Therefore, due to the significant differences of B. chinensis and I. dichotoma in chemical composition and biological activities, the current studies strongly proved that these two medicinal plants could not be mixed in industrial production and clinical medication.

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Electron microscopic studies on ultrathin frozen sections of lactating mouse mammary gland

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100081097 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 46-47

Author(s):

Jan Zarzycki ◽

Joseph Szroeder

Keyword(s):

Mammary Gland ◽

Protein Denaturation ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Freeze Substitution ◽

Electron Microscopic Examination ◽

Mouse Mammary Gland ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Preparation Methods ◽

Microscopic Studies ◽

Ultrathin Frozen Sections

The mammary gland ultrastructure in various functional states is the object of our investigations. The material prepared for electron microscopic examination by the conventional chemical methods has several limitations, the most important are the protein denaturation processes and the loss of large amounts of chemical constituents from the cells. In relevance to this,one can't be sure about a degree the observed images are adequate to the realy ultrastructure of a living cell. To avoid the disadvantages of the chemical preparation methods,some autors worked out alternative physical methods based on tissue freezing / freeze-drying, freeze-substitution, freeze-eatching techniqs/; actually the technique of cryoultraraicrotomy,i,e.cutting ultrathin sections from deep frozen specimens is assented as a complete alternative method. According to the limitations of the routine plastic embbeding methods we were interested to analize the mammary gland ultrastructure during lactation by the cryoultramicrotomy method.

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Sem and X-Ray Analysis of Renal and Biliary Calculi

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100091512 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 34 ◽

pp. 306-307

Author(s):

R. J. Narconis ◽

G. L. Johnson

Keyword(s):

Chemical Constituents ◽

Natural State ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Chemical Methods ◽

X Ray ◽

Additional Dimension ◽

Biliary Calculi ◽

Calculus Formation ◽

Scanning Electron

Analysis of the constituents of renal and biliary calculi may be of help in the management of patients with calculous disease. Several methods of analysis are available for identifying these constituents. Most common are chemical methods, optical crystallography, x-ray diffraction, and infrared spectroscopy. The application of a SEM with x-ray analysis capabilities should be considered as an additional alternative.A scanning electron microscope equipped with an x-ray “mapping” attachment offers an additional dimension in its ability to locate elemental constituents geographically, and thus, provide a clue in determination of possible metabolic etiology in calculus formation. The ability of this method to give an undisturbed view of adjacent layers of elements in their natural state is of advantage in determining the sequence of formation of subsequent layers of chemical constituents.

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