scholarly journals Geochemical Fractionation and Assessment of Probabilistic Ecological Risk of Potential Toxic Elements in Sediments Using Monte Carlo Simulations

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 2145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanja Sakan ◽  
Nenad Sakan ◽  
Aleksandar Popović ◽  
Sandra Škrivanj ◽  
Dragana Đorđević
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Potential Toxic Elements ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Geochemical Fractionation

The need for further research into potentially toxic elements in Serbian rivers led to an investigation of distributions, sources, and ecological risks in a sample base of sediments from 15 rivers. The analyses were carried out through both experimental and theoretical methods. Geochemical fractionation of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, As, V, and Zn in sediments was studied using a sequential extraction procedure. Both a Håkanson risk index (RI) and a Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) were used in order to estimate ecological risk, applying the probability distribution of RI values instead of single-point calculations. In order to both further the development of the used method and include additional processes, software for the simulations was developed instead of using proprietary solutions. Metal fractionation showed high percentage recoveries of Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Ni, and V in residual fractions. The high content of Pb, Mn, and Zn in mobile fractions might cause serious environmental concerns. In some localities, Cu and Cd could be problematic elements, since their mobility was high. An environmental assessment based on the described criteria provided risk levels varying from low to median (mainly contributed by Cd and Cu).

Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal in the Bottom Sediment of River Surma, Bangladesh using Monte Carlo Simulation and Multivariate Statistical Analysis.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arup Acharjee ◽  
Zia Ahmed ◽  
Rafiul Alam ◽  
Md. Safiur Rahman ◽  
Zhixiao Xie
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Cumulative Probability ◽  
Multivariate Statistical

Abstract The study aims to achieve an accurate assessment of 7 heavy metals, including Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Ni, Pb and Cd. Data were collected from 15 sampling stations and analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The potential detrimental effects of these heavy metals were evaluated by Hakanson risk index. Hakanson risk index (RI) and Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) and the ecological risk were articulated as probability distribution of Risk Index values instead of single point values to estimate the uncertainties in the risk evaluation process. The results showed that the levels of SEF (sediment enrichment factor) in the sediments were in the following order: Ni > Pb > Cd > Mn > Cu > Zn. Geo-accumulation index (Igeo) values showed no pollution for most of the metals except Ni, which portrayed the sediment was moderately contaminated and may have adverse effects on the ecology of the river. RI values from Hakanson Risk Index showed each individual station are at low ecological risks throughout the study area. According to the Monte Carlo simulation results and the traditional Hakanson risk index, the cumulative probability of Risk Index (RI) values is less than 150, which, according to the Hakanson risk index, represents low ecological risk. From the sensitivity analysis, the comparatively highest contribution to variance can be ranked as Cd > Pb > Ni > Zn > Cu. The outputs of this study could be used to assess ecological risk near urban area river sediment and help predict how the disposal of domestic sewage will affect the riverine ecosystem.

scholarly journals Ecological risk and enrichment of potentially toxic elements in the soil and eroded sediment in an organic vineyard (Tokaj Nagy Hill, Hungary)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nhung Thi Ha Pham ◽  
Izabella Babcsányi ◽  
Andrea Farsang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Potentially Toxic Elements ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Enrichment Ratio ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Ecological Risk Index

AbstractPotentially toxic elements (PTEs), such as Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni, Cr, and Co, can accumulate in vineyard soils due to repeated uses of inorganic pesticides and chemical or organic fertilizers. In sloping vineyards, PTEs can also be moved by soil erosion resulting in their accumulation in low-energy zones within the landscape, adversely affecting the soil environment. Our study evaluated the ecological risk related to the pseudo-total and bioavailable PTE contents (Zn, Pb, Co, Ni, Cr, and Cu) in the soil and eroded sediment samples from an organic vineyard in Tokaj (NE Hungary). The contamination status and the ecological risk of target PTEs were assessed by calculating the contamination factor, the pollution load index, the ecological risk factor, and the ecological risk index. The median pollution load indices of 1.15, 1.81, and 1.10 for the topsoil, the sediments, and the subsoil, respectively, demonstrate a moderate multi-element contamination case in the organic vineyard. Target PTEs tented to show increased concentrations in eroded sediments with the highest enrichment ratio (3.36) observed for Cu (Cu in the sediment/Cu in the topsoil), revealing a preferential movement of Cu-rich soil particles by overland flow. Moreover, PTEs were present in the sediments in more bioavailable forms (except Ni, Cr), assessed by an extraction procedure with EDTA. The ecological risk index (< 90) based on the studied PTEs showed an overall low ecological risk in the vineyard. Copper was the predominant factor of the ecological risk. Moreover, the highest ecological risk factor (24.6) observed for the bioavailable Cu content in an eroded sediment sample (representing 82% of the total ecological risk) shows that Cu accumulation in sloping vineyards is an ecological risk, particularly in the sedimentation zones. The high proportions of bioavailable Cu in the vineyard’s soil represent an increasing ecological risk over time, related to repeated treatments of vine plants with Cu-based pesticides.

scholarly journals Potentially toxic elements pollution in road deposited sediments around the active smelting industry of Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyeryeong Jeong ◽  
Jin Young Choi ◽  
Kongtae Ra
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Potentially Toxic Elements ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
The Road ◽  
Mean Concentration

AbstractPotentially toxic elements (PTEs) were investigated in the different sizes of road deposited sediments (RDS) around the active smelting industry to understand their sources and to assess the pollution and ecological risk levels. The highest PTEs concentrations was shown near the raw materials import port and the smelting facilities. The fine particles of RDS showed extremely high PTEs concentrations. Zn has the highest mean concentration in the < 63 μm particle size of RDS, followed by Pb > Cu > As > Cr > Ni > Cd > Hg. The PTEs concentrations of this study were the highest values compared to the soils around the smelter and the RDS in urban and industrial areas in the world. This indicates that these PTEs pollution in RDS were mainly attributed to the transportation of raw materials for the smelting industry. According to nemerow pollution index calculation, RDS at all sampling sites with particles of less than 250 mm was seriously polluted with PTEs. The ecological risk was also found to be very high in all RDS fractions and highly toxic elements such as Cd, Pb and Hg pose extremely risk. Given the total amounts PTEs in the road surface, it is necessary to apply RDS removal management plan to reduce the PTEs pollution.

Distribution and Contamination Acessment of Heavy Metals in Sediments of Harbin Section of Songhua River, China

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 2280-2284
Author(s):  
Kai Yue Gong ◽  
Pei Shi Qi ◽  
Yun Zhi Liu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Songhua River ◽  
Ecological Risk Index ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Accumulation Index

In this study, the distribution and enrichment characters of heavy metals were explored. And the potential ecological risk levels of heavy metals were evaluated by geo-accumulation index method and potential ecological risk index method. The concentrations of heavy metals in sediments of Harbin section of Songhua River are: Zn>Pb>Cr>Cu>Ni>Cd. The enrichment degree of Zn is the highest, while Cd is the lowest. The potential ecological risk indexes of heavy metals in the sediments of section of Songhua River in Harbin are: Cd>Pb>Cu>Zn>Ni>Cr. The main heavy metals pollution is Cd, which has low content but considerable potential ecological risk and contributes most to RI. The ecological risk level of heavy metals in the sediments of the section of Songhua River in Harbin is moderate.

scholarly journals Risk Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements Pollution from Mineral Processing Steps at Xikuangshan Antimony Plant, Hunan, China

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Saijun Zhou ◽  
Renjian Deng ◽  
Andrew Hursthouse
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Potentially Toxic Elements ◽  
Hunan Province ◽  
Ecological Risk Index ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk Index ◽  
Dust Generation

We evaluated the direct release to the environment of a number of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) from various processing nodes at Xikuangshan Antimony Mine in Hunan Province, China. Sampling wastewater, processing dust, and solid waste and characterizing PTE content (major elements Sb, As, Zn, and associated Hg, Pb, and Cd) from processing activities, we extrapolated findings to assess wider environmental significance using the pollution index and the potential ecological risk index. The Sb, As, and Zn in wastewater from the antimony benefication industry and a wider group of PTEs in the fine ore bin were significantly higher than their reference values. The content of Sb, As, and Zn in tailings were relatively high, with the average value being 2674, 1040, and 590 mg·kg−1, respectively. The content of PTEs in the surface soils surrounding the tailings was similar to that in tailings, and much higher than the background values. The results of the pollution index evaluation of the degree of pollution by PTEs showed that while dominated by Sb, some variation in order of significance was seen namely for: (1) The ore processing wastewater Sb > Pb > As > Zn > Hg > Cd, (2) in dust Sb > As > Cd > Pb > Hg > Zn, and (3) surface soil (near tailings) Sb > Hg > Cd > As > Zn > Pb. From the assessment of the potential ecological risk index, the levels were most significant at the three dust generation nodes and in the soil surrounding the tailings reservoir.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Evaluation and Source Apportionment of Potential Toxic Elements in Soils and Sediments of Guishui River, Beijing

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiankang Wang ◽  
Bo Gao ◽  
Shuhua Yin ◽  
Laisheng Liu ◽  
Dongyu Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Source Identification ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Isotopic Ratio ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Pollution Assessment ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Primary Input ◽  
Potential Toxic Elements ◽  
Soils And Sediments

This study investigated the concentrations and spatial distributions, ecological risks, and potential pollution sources of potential toxic elements (PTEs) in the soils and sediments collected from the Guishui River (GSR) in Beijing, China. Multiple methods for pollution assessment and source identification of PTEs in the sediments/soils were used, including analysis of the physicochemical properties, Geo-accumulation index (Igeo), potential ecological risk index (RI), Pearson correlation, principal component analysis (PCA), and Pb isotopic ratio analysis. The results showed that PTE concentrations in the sediments/soils were similar to the soil background values (BV) of Beijing, except for Cd. Maximum Cd concentrations in soils were far below the guideline of the Environmental Quality Standard for Soils in China. PTE concentrations in the soils were slightly higher than those in the sediments. Upstream to downstream of GSR, PTEs concentrations in the soils and sediments remained stable. Pollution assessment based on Igeo and RI indicated that Cd was the main contaminant with moderate pollution levels. PCA results showed that Cd originated from anthropogenic sources, mainly including pesticide and fertilizer residues, while other metals mainly originated from natural sources. Further source identification using Pb isotopic ratios and PCA indicated that Cu, Pb, and Zn in GSR originated from anthropogenic sources (aerosols and coal combustion) and atmospheric deposition was considered as the primary input pathway.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Exploration on Pollution Characteristics and Ecological Risks of Heavy Metals in Surface Paddy Soils around a Large Copper Smelter, Southeast China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 13359
Author(s):  
Xiyang Wang ◽  
Liang Li ◽  
Naijia Guo ◽  
Zaijun Xin ◽  
Xiaohui Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Paddy Soil ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Copper Smelter ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Small Contribution ◽  
Ecological Risk Index ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk Index

To assess heavy metal pollution and ecological risk, a total of 28 surface paddy soil samples were collected and analyzed around a famous copper smelter in Guixi, China. The results showed that all sites were heavily contaminated by both Cu and Cd, compared with soil background values, whose average concentrations exceeded the standard by 5.7 and 12.3 times, respectively, posing a slight ecological risk related to Cu (potential ecological risk index <40) and an extremely serious ecological risk related to Cd (potential ecological risk index >320). The risks were also demonstrated through the speciation analyses of Cu (CaCl2-Cu 2.63%, acid-soluble Cu 8.67%, and residual Cu 74.17%, on average) and Cd (CaCl2-Cd 47.30%, acid-soluble Cd 45.02%, and residual Cd 28.87%, on average) in the surface paddy soil, including the use of a CaCl2 extraction procedure and the BCR (Community Bureau of Reference) sequential extraction scheme. Several soil properties (residual carbon, cation exchange capacity, and soil texture) were significantly correlated with soil Cd but made a small contribution to their variability with a poor linear fit because of external Cd input to the soil, while soil total potassium largely influenced the soil Cu species except for residual Cu. Therefore, an effective Cu pollution regulation strategy through soil potassium control is suggested for this smelter soil.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Ecological Risk from Heavy Metals in the Surface Sediment of River Surma, Bangladesh: Coupled Approach of Monte Carlo Simulation and Multi-Component Statistical Analysis

Water ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 180
Author(s):  
Arup Acharjee ◽  
Zia Ahmed ◽  
Pankaj Kumar ◽  
Rafiul Alam ◽  
M. Safiur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
River Sediment ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Pollution Level

River sediment can be used to measure the pollution level in natural water, as it serves as one of the vital environmental indicators. This study aims to assess heavy metal pollution namely Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Zinc (Zn), Nickel (Ni), Lead (Pb), and Cadmium (Cd) in Surma River. Further, it compares potential ecological risk index values using Hakanson Risk Index (RI) and Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) approach to evaluate the environmental risks caused by these heavy metals. in the study area. With obtained results, enrichment of individual heavy metals in the study area was found in the order of Ni > Pb > Cd > Mn > Cu > Zn. Also, variance in MCS index contributed by studied metals was in the order of Cd > Pb > Ni > Zn > Cu. None of the heavy metals, except Ni, showed moderate contamination of the sediment. Risk index values from RI and MCS provide valuable insights in the contamination profile of the river, indicating the studied river is currently under low ecological risk for the studied heavy metals. This study can be utilized to assess the susceptibility of the river sediment to heavy metal pollution near an urban core, and to have a better understanding of the contamination profile of a river.

scholarly journals Implications of Soil Potentially Toxic Elements Contamination, Distribution and Health Risk at Hunan’s Xikuangshan Mine

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1532
Author(s):  
Jing Bai ◽  
Wen Zhang ◽  
Weiyin Liu ◽  
Guohong Xiang ◽  
Yu Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Potentially Toxic Elements ◽  
Hunan Province

A field survey was conducted to determine the pollution grade, sources, potential ecological risk, and health risk of soil potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in Xikuangshan Mine (XKS), the largest antimony (Sb) deposit in the world. A total of 106 topsoil samples were collected from 6 sites in XKS to measure the concentrations of PTEs Cr, Zn, Cd, Pb, As, Hg, and Sb. The results show that the average concentrations of these elements at all six sites were generally greater than their corresponding background values in Hunan province, especially Sb, Hg, and As. Correlation and principal component analyses suggested that Cd, Zn, Pb, Hg, and Sb were primarily released from mining and other industrial and human activities, while Cr and As were mainly impacted by the parent material from pedogenesis. A risk index analysis showed that, overall, sites were at very high ecological risk, and Sb is the highest ecological risk factor, followed by Cd and Hg. According to health risk assessment, oral ingestion is the main non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk exposure route. The higher potentially non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks happen to the local children who live in the vicinity of mining area. It revealed that the mining and smelting processes of XKS have negatively influenced the local people, therefore, we should pay increasing attention to this practical issue and take effective measures to protect the ecology of XKS.

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