scholarly journals Ethanol Determination in Post-Mortem Samples: Correlation between Blood and Vitreous Humor Concentration

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 2724
Author(s):  
Fabio Savini ◽  
Angela Tartaglia ◽  
Ludovica Coccia ◽  
Danilo Palestini ◽  
Cristian D’Ovidio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Vitreous Humor ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Ethanol Determination

Ethanol (ethylic alcohol) represents the most commonly used drug worldwide and is often involved in clinical and forensic toxicology. Based on several reports, excessive alcohol consumption is the main contributing factor in traffic accidents, drownings, suicides, and other crimes. For these reasons, it becomes essential to analyze the alcohol concentration during autopsy. Although blood is usually used for alcohol analysis in post-mortem cases, it could suffer alterations, putrefaction, and microbial contaminations. As an alternative to whole blood, vitreous humor has been successfully used in medico-legal studies. In this work, post-mortem specimens were analyzed for ethanol determination. The analysis of blood and vitreous humor were carried-out using gas chromatography-flame ionized detector (GC-FID) with a total run time of 6 min. The method was validated in terms of limit of detection, limit of quantification, dynamic range, sensibility, recovery, precision and trueness. A linear regression analysis indicated a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9981. The study confirmed no statistically differences between alcohol concentration in blood and vitreous humor, leading vitreous humor as an excellent matrix that could be used as an alternative to whole blood in toxicological analysis in cases where blood is not available.

Analysis of Diglycolic Acid after Mass Poisoning by Diethylene Glycol

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiano O L Goulart ◽  
Leonardo S Bordoni ◽  
Clésia C Nascentes ◽  
Letícia M Costa
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Diethylene Glycol ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Vitreous Humor ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diglycolic Acid

Abstract In December 2019, unusual cases of acute renal failure with neurological changes were observed in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Criminal investigations indicated cases of intoxication after consumption of beers contaminated with diethylene glycol (DEG). The elimination of DEG by the body is fast, but its metabolite, diglycolic acid (DA), may persist for a long time. To assess the level of intoxicated victims who consumed the contaminated beers, qualitative and quantitative methods were developed to determine DA in biological matrices by gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer (GC–MS) and gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer with triple-quadrupole mass filter (GC–MS-MS), respectively. The validated qualitative method presents good selectivity and limit of detection of 1 µg/mL (whole blood, urine, vitreous humor and cerebrospinal fluid) and 5 µg/g (liver and kidney), respectively. A quantitative method for whole blood presented satisfactory performance to determine DA. Twelve victims presented positive results for DA in whole blood, with concentrations ranging from 2 to 108 µg/mL. The toxicology laboratory of the Institute of Forensic Medicine of Minas Gerais was the first governmental agency to identify DA in whole blood, vitreous humor, cerebrospinal fluid, kidney and urine in victims affected by this contaminant. The results of this study legally supported the prohibition of the continued consumption of the beer and avoided further intoxications. Our results showed, for real cases of human intoxication, that DA can still be detected in alternative matrices, even when non-detectable in blood, demonstrating the importance of collecting different kinds of samples for a proper investigation.

The Relationship between Blood and Urine Alcohol Concentrations at Autopsy

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Heatley ◽  
J. Crane
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Post Mortem Interval ◽  
Average Ratio ◽  
Simple Ratio ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between the blood alcohol concentration and the urine alcohol concentration was studied in 109 routine coroner's autopsies. Although the average ratio for urine alcohol concentration to blood alcohol concentration lay close to the ratio of 4:3 quoted in the literature, the actual ratios determined were widely scattered around this value. Thus the use of this simple ratio to estimate the blood alcohol concentration from the urine alcohol concentration at post-mortem was unreliable. An equation determined by employing linear regression analysis was similarly unhelpful in enabling one to derive a precise value for the blood alcohol concentration from a given urine alcohol concentration. It was concluded that the main value in determining the urine alcohol concentration at autopsy was to exclude the possibility of the alcohol present in the blood sample having been generated during the post-mortem interval.

Companion and Point-of-Care Sensor System for Rapid Multiplexed Detection of a Panel of Infectious Disease Markers

2017 ◽  
pp. 247263031769677
Author(s):  
Anjan Panneer Selvam ◽  
Shalini Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Lipoteichoic Acid ◽  
Impedance Change ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Nylon Membrane ◽  
Multiplexed Detection

A nanochannel-based electrochemical biosensor has been demonstrated for rapid and multiplexed detection of a panel of three biomarkers associated with rapid detection of sepsis. The label-free biosensor detected procalcitonin (PCT), lipoteichoic acid (LTA), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from human whole blood. The biosensor comprises a nanoporous nylon membrane integrated onto a microelectrode sensor platform for nanoconfinement effects. Charge perturbations due to biomarker binding are recorded as impedance changes using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The measured impedance change is used to quantitatively determine the concentration of the three biomarkers using antibody receptors from the tested sample. We were successful in detecting and quantifying the three biomarkers from whole blood. The limit of detection was 0.1 ng/mL for PCT and 1 µg/mL for LPS and LTA. The sensor was able to demonstrate a dynamic range of detection from 01.1 ng/mL to 10 µg/mL for PCT and from 1 µg/mL to 1000 µg/mL for LPS and LTA biomarkers. This novel technology has promising preliminary results toward the design of sensors for rapid and sensitive detection of the three panel biomarkers in whole blood toward diagnosis and classification of sepsis.

scholarly journals Sensitive Detection of Francisella tularensis Directly from Whole Blood by Use of the GeneXpert System

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 291-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Padmapriya P. Banada ◽  
Srinidhi Deshpande ◽  
Soumitesh Chakravorty ◽  
Riccardo Russo ◽  
James Occi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Francisella Tularensis ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Point Of Care Detection

ABSTRACTFrancisella tularensisis a potential bioterrorism agent that is highly infectious at very low doses. Diagnosis of tularemia by blood culture and nucleic acid-based diagnostic tests is insufficiently sensitive. Here, we demonstrate a highly sensitiveF. tularensisassay that incorporates sample processing and detection into a single cartridge suitable for point-of-care detection. The assay limit of detection (LOD) and dynamic range were determined in a filter-based cartridge run on the GeneXpert system.F. tularensisDNA in buffer or CFU ofF. tularensiswas spiked into human or macaque blood. To simulate detection in human disease, the assay was tested on blood drawn from macaques infected withF. tularensisSchu S4 at daily intervals. Assay detection was compared to that with a conventional quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay and blood culture. The assay LOD was 0.1 genome equivalents (GE) per reaction and 10 CFU/mlF. tularensisin both human and macaque blood. In infected macaques, the assay detectedF. tularensison days 1 to 4 postinfection in 21%, 17%, 60%, and 83% of macaques, respectively, compared to conventional qPCR positivity rates of 0%, 0%, 30%, and 100% and CFU detection of blood culture at 0%, 0%, 0%, and 10% positive, respectively. Assay specificity was 100%. The new cartridge-based assay can rapidly detectF. tularensisin bloodstream infections directly in whole blood at the early stages of infection with a sensitivity that is superior to that of other methods. The simplicity of the automated testing procedures may make this test suitable for rapid point-of-care detection.

scholarly journals Determination of the Designer Drugs 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine, 3,4-Methylenedioxyethylamphetamine, and 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine with HPLC and Fluorescence Detection in Whole Blood, Serum, Vitreous Humor, and Urine

2000 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 1968-1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karine M Clauwaert ◽  
Jan F Van Bocxlaer ◽  
Els A De Letter ◽  
Serge Van Calenbergh ◽  
Willy E Lambert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Gradient Elution ◽  
Vitreous Humor ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Designer Drugs ◽  
Fluorometric Detection ◽  
Limit Of Quantification

Abstract Background: The popular designer drugs 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and 3,4-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDEA) can be determined in serum, whole blood, and urine, but also in vitreous humor. The latter matrix is interesting when dealing with decomposed bodies in a toxicological setting. Methods: After extraction, chromatographic separation was achieved on a narrow-bore C18 column by gradient elution with fluorometric detection; results were confirmed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Results: The method was linear over the range of 2–1000 μg/L for whole blood, serum, and vitreous humor, and 0.1–5 mg/L for urine. Extraction recoveries were >70%, imprecision (CV) was 2.5–19%, and analytical recoveries were 95.5–104.4%. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.8 and 2 μg/L, respectively, for whole blood, serum, and vitreous humor, and 2.5 μg/L and 0.1 mg/L, respectively, for urine. Excellent correlations between the quantitative LC-fluorescence and LC-MS/MS results were obtained. We found the following concentrations in a thanatochemical distribution study in rabbits: in serum, 5.3–685 μg/L for MDMA and from the LOQ to 14.5 μg/L for 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA); in whole blood, 19.7–710 μg/L for MDMA and from the LOQ to 17.8 μg/L for MDA; in vitreous humor, 12.1–97.8 μg/L for MDMA and from the LOQ to 3.86 μg/L for MDA. In routine toxicological urine samples, concentrations ranged from LOQ to 14.62 mg/L for MDA, from LOQ to 157 mg/L for MDMA, and from LOQ to 32.54 mg/L for MDEA. Conclusions: The HPLC method described is sensitive, specific, and suitable for the determination of MDMA, MDEA, and MDA in whole blood, serum, vitreous humor, and urine.

scholarly journals Companion and Point-of-Care Sensor System for Rapid Multiplexed Detection of a Panel of Infectious Disease Markers

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 338-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjan Panneer Selvam ◽  
Shalini Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Lipoteichoic Acid ◽  
Impedance Change ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Nylon Membrane ◽  
Multiplexed Detection

A nanochannel-based electrochemical biosensor has been demonstrated for rapid and multiplexed detection of a panel of three biomarkers associated with rapid detection of sepsis. The label-free biosensor detected procalcitonin (PCT), lipoteichoic acid (LTA), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from human whole blood. The biosensor comprises a nanoporous nylon membrane integrated onto a microelectrode sensor platform for nanoconfinement effects. Charge perturbations due to biomarker binding are recorded as impedance changes using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The measured impedance change is used to quantitatively determine the concentration of the three biomarkers using antibody receptors from the tested sample. We were successful in detecting and quantifying the three biomarkers from whole blood. The limit of detection was 0.1 ng/mL for PCT and 1 µg/mL for LPS and LTA. The sensor was able to demonstrate a dynamic range of detection from 01.1 ng/mL to 10 µg/mL for PCT and from 1 µg/mL to 1000 µg/mL for LPS and LTA biomarkers. This novel technology has promising preliminary results toward the design of sensors for rapid and sensitive detection of the three panel biomarkers in whole blood toward diagnosis and classification of sepsis.

IMPACT OF AIS AND STRESSED OUT AN EMPLOYEES TO THEIR PERFORMANCE AT PT EFRATA RETAILINDO

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-30
Author(s):  
Wiwit Ayu Retno Sari ◽  
Suhendro Suhendro ◽  
R. Riana Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Work Stress ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Accounting Information ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Accounting Information System ◽  
Accounting Information Systems

This research aims to test the influence of accounting information system and work stress on performance of employees of PT Efrata Retailindo. The type of research used in this research is quantitative research. The source of the data in the research is primary data. The population in this study are all employees of PT Efrata Retailindo totalling 47 people. Sampling techniques in the study using a purposive sample. While the data collection method used is to use the questionnaire to all employees of PT Efrata Retailindo. Data analysis techniques using multiple linear regression analysis. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that work stress had no effect on performance of employees of PT Efrata Retailindo, while information systems accounting effect on the performance of the employees of PT Efrata Retailindo. The value of the coefficient of determination (R2) amounting to 0.106. This indicates that variansi on a variable performance practice undertaken by the company PT Efrata Retailindo of 10.6% can be explained by work stress variables and accounting information systems, while the remaining 89.4% explained by other factors outside the researched.

PENGARUH KEPEMIMPINAN TRANSFORMASIONAL, KEPUASAN KERJA, KEPERCAYAAN KEPADA PEMIMPIN TERHADAP KETERIKATAN KERJA KARYAWAN PADA PT. BALI BIJAKSANA NUSA DUA – BALI

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 2455
Author(s):  
I Putu Dharmawan Pradhana ◽  
Putu Nova Kusuma Hendra
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Transformational Leadership ◽  
Employee Engagement ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Trust In Leaders

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of transformational leadership, job satisfaction, trust in leaders on employee engagement at PT.Bali Bijaksana Nusa Dua – Bali. The number of samples in this study were 75 employees with a simple random sampling method. Data collection used questionnaire. The data analysis technique used is the classical assumption test, multiple linear regression analysis, t-test, F-test and test coefficient of determination. The results of the study show that there are positive and partial positive effects of transformational leadership, job satisfaction, and trust in leaders in increasing employee engagement at PT. Bali Bijaksana Nusa Dua – Bali. The results showed that the transformational leadership regression coefficient (X1) was 0.268 with a value that meant that each increase in transformational leadership variables could increase employee engagement at PT. Bali Bijaksana Nusa Dua – Bali. Job satisfaction regression coefficient (X2) is equal to 0.303, which means that every increase in job satisfaction variables can increase employee engagement at PT. Bali Bijaksana Nusa Dua – Bali. Regression coefficient value to leader (X3) is equal to 0.256, which means that every increase in the trust variable in the leader can increase employee engagement at PT. Bali Bijaksana Nusa Dua – Bali. As  the results of the determination coefficient of 0.657, its means that 65.7% can explain the model or influence of each variable on work engagement, while the rest (100% -65.7% = 34,3%) is explained by other reasons outside research model.

The Effect of Investments and Risk Based Capital (RBC) of Tabarru Funds on Company (Case Study of Sharia Insurance in Indonesia for 2014-2019)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-97
Author(s):  
Nana Diana ◽  
Tati Apriani
Keyword(s):  
Life Insurance ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Verification Method ◽  
Investment Returns ◽  
The Government

This study aims to examine the influence of investment returns and Risk Based Capital (RBC) Tabarru Funds to the profit of sharia life insurance in Indonesia from 2014-2019. This study The type of this research is quantitative research with descriptive verification as a method. This research method uses descriptive verification method with quantitative approach. The data used in this study were sourced from the financial statements of Islamic life insurance companies in Indonesia for the 2014-2019 period. Then the data obtained were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis and hypothesis testing consisting of t test and f test with the help of SPSS 21 software. The sampling technique uses non probability sampling with purposive sampling technique. Based on the results of the study it can be seen that the development of investment returns on Sharia Life Insurance in Indonesia has fluctuated and even suffered losses. While the development of Risk Based Capital (RBC) has increased and decreased but overall above 120% as determined by the government. Likewise, the profits earned in each year fluctuate. The results of statistical tests show that investment results partially have a positive effect on profit and Risk Based Capital (RBC) of Tabarru funds partially has a negative effect on profit. Simultaneously investment return and Risk Based Capital (RBC) affect on profit. In addition, the results of the coefficient of determination (R2) were obtained which obtained a value of 81%. This shows that the variable investment returns and Risk Based Capital (RBC) can affect earnings by 81% and the remaining 19% is influenced by other variables not used in this study.

FRAUD CONFIRMATION, CLIENT SATISFACTION AND CLIENT LOYALTY

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Ngurah Pandji Mertha Agung Durya
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Client Satisfaction ◽  
Audit Quality ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Path Model ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
The Government

<p>This study aims to find evidence, the influence of Audit Quality Attributes, Client Satisfaction and Client Loyalty, which are moderated by Fraud Confirmation. The research was conducted at the BKM, a community-based organization, formed by the Government, through the <em>Kotaku</em> Program. The research used Regression statistical analysis and conducted a hypothesis test. Regression analysis used includes Simple Linear Regression Analysis, Multiple Regression Analysis, and MRA Regression Analysis, and Path Model Linear Regression Analysis. This study also pays attention to the calculation of the coefficient of determination to give an idea of the ability of the model in explaining the phenomenon of Client Satisfaction and Client Loyalty. The result that both partially and simultaneously, Audit Quality Attributes, Fraud Confirmation affected Client Satisfaction and Loyalty. The research also succeeded in proving that Client Satisfaction mediates the effect of Audit Quality Attributes on Client Loyalty, but failed to provide empirical evidence, that the Fraud Confirmation moderated the effect of Audit Quality Attributes on Client Satisfaction and Loyalty. Contribution to audit practices, where it is important to realize Client Satisfaction through Audit Quality Attributes and Fraud Confirmation, especially in situations where Fraud acts are suspected.</p>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document