scholarly journals Three Extraction Methods in Combination with GC×GC-TOFMS for the Detailed Investigation of Volatiles in Chinese Herbaceous Aroma-Type Baijiu

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (19) ◽  
pp. 4429
Author(s):  
Lulu Wang ◽  
Mengxin Gao ◽  
Zhipeng Liu ◽  
Shuang Chen ◽  
Yan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Sample Pretreatment ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Retention Indices ◽  
Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Nitrogenous Compounds ◽  
Mass Spectral ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Aldehydes And Ketones

In this study, the detailed volatile compositions of Chinese herbaceous aroma-type Baijiu (HAB) were characterized by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOFMS). A total of 606 compounds were tentatively identified by similarity, mass spectral data, and retention indices, among which 247 compounds were positively verified by authentic standards. Esters were present in higher numbers (179), followed by aldehydes and ketones (111), and alcohols (81). In addition, there were also many terpenes (82), sulfides (37), furans (29), nitrogenous compounds (29), lactones (17), and so on. Meanwhile, the extraction effects of volatile components from different sample pretreatment methods (headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME), solid phase extraction (SPE), and stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE)) for HAB were also revealed. The results indicated that HS-SPME has a better extraction effect on easily volatile compounds, such as alcohols and sulfides, especially for terpenes. SPE was particularly beneficial for the analysis of nitrogen-containing compounds; SBSE showed medium extraction ability for most types of compounds and was more suitable for the target analysis of trace content substances.

scholarly journals Metabolite Profiling of Meridianin C In Vivo of Rat by UHPLC/Q-TOF MS

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Guozhe Zhang ◽  
Linxia Xiao ◽  
Liang Qi
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Mass Spectral Fragmentation ◽  
Mass Spectral ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fragmentation Patterns ◽  
Tof Ms

Meridianin C (MC), as a marine alkaloid, is a potent protein kinase inhibitor which exhibits good anticancer activity. However, the in vivo metabolism of MC has not been described to date. In this study, an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/Q-TOF MS) method is employed to investigate the in vivo metabolites of MC in rats. Plasma, bile, urine, and feces are collected after a single oral dose of MC. Protein precipitation, solid phase extraction (SPE), and ultrasonic extraction methods are used to prepare samples. Based on the mass spectral fragmentation patterns, elution order, and retrieving literatures, a total of 13 metabolites of MC were detected and tentatively identified, utilizing MetaboLynx software. The metabolic pathways of MC in rats include N- or O-glucuronidation, O-sulfation, N-hydroxylation, dihydroxylation, and trihydroxylation. The relative content of the metabolites in each kinds of biological samples is also evaluated. This study will help to understand the in vivo properties of MC for the future usage.

scholarly journals Investigations on the Key Odorants Contributing to the Aroma of Children Soy Sauce by Molecular Sensory Science Approaches

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1492
Author(s):  
Jia Huang ◽  
Haitao Chen ◽  
Zhiming Zhang ◽  
Yuping Liu ◽  
Binshan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Retention Indices ◽  
Soy Sauce ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Standard Curve ◽  
Key Odorants

To investigate the key odor-active compounds in children’s soy sauce (CSS), volatile components were extracted by means of solvent extraction coupled with solvent-assisted flavor evaporation (SE-SAFE) and solid-phase microextraction (SPME). Using gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), we identified a total of 55 odor-active compounds in six CSSs by comparing the odor characteristics, MS data, and retention indices with those of authentic compounds. Applying aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA), we measured flavor dilution (FD) factors in SE-SAFE isolates, ranging from 1 to 4096, and in SPME isolates, ranging from 1 to 800. Twenty-eight odorants with higher FD factors and GC-MS responses were quantitated using the internal standard curve method. According to their quantitated results and thresholds in water, their odor activity values (OAVs) were calculated. On the basis of the OAV results, 27 odorants with OAVs ≥ 1 were determined as key odorants in six CSSs. These had previously been reported as key odorants in general soy sauce (GSS), so it was concluded that the key odorants in CSS are the same as those in GSS.

scholarly journals A Review of the Analytical Methods for the Determination of 4(5)-Methylimidazole in Food Matrices

Chemosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 322
Author(s):  
Panagiota-Kyriaki Revelou ◽  
Marinos Xagoraris ◽  
Eleftherios Alissandrakis ◽  
Christos S. Pappas ◽  
Petros A. Tarantilis
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Sample Pretreatment ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Food Matrices

4(5)-Methylimidazole (4(5)MEI) is a product of the Maillard reaction between sugars and amino acids, which occurs during the thermal processing of foods. This compound is also found in foods with caramel colorants additives. Due to its prevalence in foods and beverages and its potent carcinogenicity, 4(5)MEI has received federal and state regulatory agency attention. The aim of this review is to present the extraction procedures of 4(5)MEI from food matrices and the analytical methods for its determination. Liquid and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry are the techniques most commonly employed to detect 4(5)MEI in food matrices. However, the analysis of 4(5)MEI is challenging due to the high polarity, water solubility, and the absence of chromophores. To overcome this, specialized sample pretreatment and extraction methods have been developed, such as solid-phase extraction and derivatization procedures, increasing the cost and the preparation time of samples. Other analytical methods for the determination of 4(5)MEI, include capillary electrophoresis, paper spray mass spectrometry, micellar electrokinetic chromatography, high-performance cation exchange chromatography, fluorescence-based immunochromatographic assay, and a fluorescent probe.

scholarly journals Analysis of Volatile Constituents in Platostoma palustre (Blume) Using Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction and Simultaneous Distillation-Extraction

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kung ◽  
Chen ◽  
Chao ◽  
Wu ◽  
Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Solid Phase Microextraction ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Headspace Analysis ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction ◽  
Simultaneous Distillation Extraction

Hsian-tsao (Platostoma palustre Blume) is a traditional Taiwanese food. It is admired by many consumers, especially in summer, because of its aroma and taste. This study reports the analysis of the volatile components present in eight varieties of Hsian-tsao using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and simultaneous distillation-extraction (SDE) coupled with gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). HS-SPME is a non-heating method, and the results show relatively true values of the samples during flavor isolation. However, it is a kind of headspace analysis that has the disadvantage of a lower detection ability to relatively higher molecular weight compounds; also, the data are not quantitative, but instead are used for comparison. The SDE method uses distillation 2 h for flavor isolation; therefore, it quantitatively identifies more volatile compounds in the samples while the samples withstand heating. Both methods were used in this study to investigate information about the samples. The results showed that Nongshi No. 1 had the highest total quantity of volatile components using HS-SPME, whereas SDE indicated that Taoyuan Mesona 1301 (TYM1301) had the highest volatile concentration. Using the two extraction methods, 120 volatile components were identified. Fifty-six volatile components were identified using HS-SPME, and the main volatile compounds were α-pinene, β-pinene, and limonene. A total of 108 volatile components were identified using SDE, and the main volatile compounds were α-bisabolol, β-caryophyllene, and caryophyllene oxide. Compared with SDE, HS-SPME sampling extracted a significantly higher amount of monoterpenes and had a poorer detection of less volatile compounds, such as sesquiterpenes, terpene alcohols, and terpene oxide.

scholarly journals Influence of Drying Method on Some Bioactive Compounds and the Composition of Volatile Components in Dried Pink Rock Rose (Cistus creticus L.)

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 2596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Matłok ◽  
Sabina Lachowicz ◽  
Józef Gorzelany ◽  
Maciej Balawejder
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Volatile Fraction ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Vacuum Microwave ◽  
Odoriferous Substances ◽  
C 50 ◽  
Cistus Creticus

This study investigates the effects of various drying methods applied to leaves of Cistus creticus L. on the contents of polyphenols and the composition of the volatile fraction. The following four drying methods were used: convection drying at a temperature of 40 °C (CD 40 °C), 50 °C (CD 50 °C), and 60 °C (CD 60 °C); vacuum-microwave (VMD 240 W); combined drying, involving convection pre-drying (50 °C) and vacuum-microwave (240 W) finish drying (CPD-VMFD) as well as freeze-drying (FD). Polyphenols in the dried leaves were determined using chromatography-photodiode detector-quadrupole/time of flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-PDA-Q/TOF-MS). The contents of odoriferous substances in the dry material were determined by means of head space-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) with the use of a gas chromatograph (GC). Thirty-seven polyphenol components including 21 flavonols, eight flavan-3-ols, and eight hydrolyzed tannins in dry Pink Rock Rose material were found for the first time. The highest contents of polyphenols, totaling 2.8 g 100 g−1 dry matter (d.m.), were found in the samples subjected to the CPD/VMFD drying method. Pink Rock Rose subjected to this drying method was characterized by large quantities of odoriferous compounds, mainly eugenol, thymol, and carvacrol, which contribute to its antiseptic properties. By using CPD/VMFD methods, it is possible to obtain fine quality dry material from the leaves of C. creticus.

scholarly journals Analysis of Volatile Components in Different Ophiocordyceps sinensis and Insect Host Products

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuehong Qiu ◽  
Li Cao ◽  
Richou Han
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Solid Phase Microextraction ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Insect Host ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Ophiocordyceps Sinensis ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ideal Method

The artificial production of Ophiocordyceps sinensis mycelia and fruiting bodies and the Chinese cordyceps has been established. However, the volatile components from these O. sinensis products are not fully identified. An efficient, convenient, and widely used approach based on headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) combined with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-QTOFMS) was developed for the extraction and the analysis of volatile compounds from three categories of 16 products, including O. sinensis fungus, Thitarodes hosts of O. sinensis, and the Chinese cordyceps. A total of 120 volatile components including 36 alkanes, 25 terpenes, 17 aromatic hydrocarbons, 10 ketones, 5 olefines, 5 alcohols, 3 phenols, and 19 other compounds were identified. The contents of these components varied greatly among the products but alkanes, especially 2,5,6-trimethyldecane, 2,3-dimethylundecane and 2,2,4,4-tetramethyloctane, are the dominant compounds in general. Three categories of volatile compounds were confirmed by partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). This study provided an ideal method for characterizing and distinguishing different O. sinensis and insect hosts-based products.

scholarly journals Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction in the Analysis of Milk and Dairy Products: A Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Quigley ◽  
Wayne Cummins ◽  
Damian Connolly
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Sample Pretreatment ◽  
Enrichment Factors ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Aqueous Sample ◽  
Preparation Technique ◽  
Dispersive Liquid Liquid Microextraction ◽  
Liquid Microextraction ◽  
Very High

Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) is an extraction technique developed within the last decade, which involves the dispersion of fine droplets of extraction solvent in an aqueous sample. Partitioning of analytes into the extraction phase is instantaneous due to the very high collective surface area of the droplets. This leads to very high enrichment factors and very low solvent consumption, relative to other liquid or solid phase extraction methods. A comprehensive review of the various modes of DLLME in the analysis of organic and inorganic analytes in dairy products (milk, cheese, infant formula, yogurt, and breast milk) is presented here. Dairy products present a complex sample matrix and the removal of interfering matrix components can prove troublesome. This review focuses on sample pretreatment prior to the appropriate DLLME procedure, the extraction and dispersive solvents chosen, derivatisation methods, and analytical figures of merit. Where possible, a critical comparison of DLLME methods has been undertaken. The overall suitability, and limitations, of DLLME as a sample preparation technique for dairy products has been assessed.

scholarly journals Determination of eight kinds of glucocorticoids residues in chicken muscle with on-line clean up combined HPLC-MS/MS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yahua Yang ◽  
Zhizhong Xue ◽  
Ran Meng ◽  
Zhe Wu ◽  
Zhaojia Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Sample Pretreatment ◽  
Extraction Column ◽  
Spectral Parameters ◽  
Mass Spectral ◽  
Chicken Muscle ◽  
On Line ◽  
Pretreatment Conditions ◽  
Selective Analysis

AbstractA sensitive and rapid method using HPLC-MS/MS was developed for the determination of eight glucocorticoids residues in chicken muscle simultaneously by Turbo Flow. The eight glucocorticoids were prednisone, prednisolone, hydrocortisone, methylprednisolone, dexamethasone, betamethasone, beclomethasone and fludrocortisones. Samples were extracted with ethyl acetate and on-line cleaned up through a Turbo Flow solid-phase extraction column without time-consuming pretreatment before HPLC-MS/MS analysis. Sample pretreatment conditions, Turbo Flow conditions and mass spectral parameters were optimized and obtained eight glucocorticoids calibration curves. These curves showed good linearity over the concentration from 0.2 μg/kg to 50 μg/kg with an average recovery from 71.63% to 117.36%. This method could be applied on real samples and provided simple, rapid, sensitive and highly selective analysis, which made it feasible to be adopted in food inspection organizations or carry out quantitative analysis for other banned substance.

scholarly journals Analysis of Volatile Components ofAdenosma indianum(Lour.) Merr. by Steam Distillation and Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Zeng ◽  
Chunyan Meng ◽  
Xuening Ye ◽  
Zhuo Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Solid Phase Microextraction ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction

The essential oil ofAdenosma indianum(Lour.) Merr. plays an important role in its antibacterial and antiphlogistic activities. In this work, the volatile components were extracted by steam distillation (SD) and headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 49 volatile components were identified by GC-MS, and the major volatile components wereα-limonene (20.59–35.07%), fenchone (15.79–31.81%),α-caryophyllene (6.98–10.32%),β-caryophyllene (6.98–10.19%), and piperitenone oxide (1.96–11.63%). The comparison of the volatile components fromA. indianum(Lour.) Merr. grown in two regions of China was reported. Also, the comparison of the volatile components by SD and HS-SPME was discussed. The results showed that the major volatile components ofA. indianum(Lour.) Merr. from two regions of China were similar but varied with different extraction methods. These results were indicative of the suitability of HS-SPME method for simple, rapid, and solvent-free analysis of the volatile components of the medicinal plants.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document