Chemical Composition, Antibacterial, Anti-Inflammatory, and Enzyme Inhibitory Activities of Essential Oil from Rhynchanthus beesianus Rhizome

Rhynchanthus beesianus W. W. Smith, an edible, medicinal, and ornamental plant, is mainly cultivated in China and Myanmar. The essential oil (EO) from R. beesianus rhizome has been used as an aromatic stomachic in China. The chemical composition and biological activities of EO from R. beesianus rhizome were reported for the first time. Based on gas chromatography with flame ionization or mass selective detection (GC-FID/MS) results, the major constituents of EO were 1,8-cineole (47.6%), borneol (15.0%), methyleugenol (11.2%), and bornyl formate (7.6%). For bioactivities, EO showed a significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Proteus vulgaris with the diameter of the inhibition zone (DIZ) (8.66–10.56 mm), minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) (3.13–6.25 mg/mL), and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) (6.25–12.5 mg/mL). Moreover, EO (128 μg/mL) significantly inhibited the production of proinflammatory mediators nitric oxide (NO) (92.73 ± 1.50%) and cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (20.29 ± 0.17%) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) (61.08 ± 0.13%) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophages without any cytotoxic effect. Moreover, EO exhibited significant acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity (the concentration of the sample that affords a 50% inhibition in the assay (IC50) = 1.03 ± 0.18 mg/mL) and moderate α-glucosidase inhibition effect (IC50 = 11.60 ± 0.25 mg/mL). Thus, the EO could be regarded as a bioactive natural product and has a high exploitation potential in the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries.

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Chemical Composition, Antibacterial, Enzyme-Inhibitory, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Essential Oil from Hedychiumpuerense Rhizome

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11122506 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 2506

Author(s):

Yi Hong ◽

Xiongli Liu ◽

Huijuan Wang ◽

Min Zhang ◽

Minyi Tian

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Minimal Bactericidal Concentration ◽

Edible Plant ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Factor Α

Hedychium puerense, a perennial rhizomatous herb, is used as an ornamental, medicinal, and edible plant in Yunnan Province, China. Essential oils from Hedychium plants are widely used in perfumes and traditional medicine, but there are no studies on the constituents and bioactivities of H. puerense essential oil (EO). Therefore, this study was designed to explore the chemical composition, antibacterial, enzyme-inhibitory, and anti-inflammatory activities of H. puerense rhizome EO. The gas chromatography with flame ionization or mass selective detection (GC-FID/MS) results indicated that H. puerense EO was mainly composed of linalool (26.5%), β-pinene (18.6%), γ-terpinene (12.1%), terpinen-4-ol (7.7%), α-pinene (5.8%), sabinene (4.9%), E-nerolidol (4.1%), and p-cymene (3.6%). For biological activities, H. puerense EO displayed broad-spectrum antibacterial properties against Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli with diameter of inhibition zone (DIZ) values ranging from 7.44 to 10.30 mm, a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 3.13–6.25 mg/m), and a minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 3.13–12.50 mg/mL. Moreover, the EO significantly inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) (IC50 = 0.94 ± 0.02 mg/mL) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) (IC50 = 1.32 ± 0.06 mg/mL) activities, and exhibited a moderate inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase (IC50 = 5.42 ± 0.32 mg/mL) and tyrosinase (IC50 = 3.23 ± 0.21 mg/mL). Furthermore, the EO significantly suppressed the secretion of the pro-inflammatory mediator, nitric oxide (NO) (99.23 ± 0.26%), cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (97.14 ± 0.11%), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) (82.42 ± 0.16%) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells at 250 μg/mL without cytotoxicity. Hence, H. puerense EO can be considered a bioactive, natural product that has great potential for utilization in the fields of food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutics.

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Chemical Composition of Essential Oil, Antioxidant, Antidiabetic, Anti-obesity, and Neuroprotective Properties of Prangos gaubae

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1701201233 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 1934578X1701201 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Mir Babak Bahadori ◽

Gokhan Zengin ◽

Shahram Bahadori ◽

Filippo Maggi ◽

Leila Dinparast

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Skin Diseases ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Volatile Components ◽

Total Antioxidant ◽

Pharmaceutical Industries

Chemical composition of essential oil and the potential of Prangos gaubae for the management of public health problems such as Alzheimer's disease, obesity, Diabetes mellitus, and skin diseases were evaluated for the first time. In this direction, enzyme inhibitory effects, antioxidant activity, and total bioactive contents of the plant were determined. EO showed high acetylcholinesterase (2.97 mg GEs/g oil), α-amylase (1.35 mmol ACEs/g oil), α-glucosidase (38.84 mmol ACEs/g oil), and lipase (1.59 mmol OEs/g oil) inhibitory activities. Moreover, strong antioxidant effects were observed in antiradical (DPPH and ABTS), reducing power (CUPRAC and FRAP), total antioxidant, and metal chelating assays. Methanol extract exhibited promising DPPH radical scavenging activity (0.47 mmol TEs/g extract) and also high reducing power in CUPRAC (0.89 mmol TEs/g extract) and FRAP (0.52 mmol TEs/g extract) assays. All extracts showed low total flavonoid but high total phenolics content. Furthermore, they exhibited strong skin-care effect in tyrosinase inhibition assay. EO analysis showed the presence of germacrene D (26.7%), caryophyllene oxide (14.3%), ( E)-caryophyllene (13.8%), and spathulenol (11.3%) as the major volatile components. Results indicated that P. gaubae has promising potential for possible uses in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries due to its valuable phytoconstituents and biological activities.

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Chemical composition and antibacterial effect of Smyrnium olusatrum L. Fruit Essential Oil

Mediterranean Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.13171/mjc10602006231292iz ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 577

Author(s):

Saida Cherif Hamida ◽

Imane Zalegh ◽

Fairouz Saidi ◽

Nabahat Benmanssour ◽

M. Carmen González-Mas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Antibacterial Effect ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Therapeutic Properties

The plants of the Apiaceae family are mainly used for food purposes and their multiple therapeutic properties and biological activities. This study aims to determine the chemical composition of Essential Oil (EO) of the fruits of Smyrnium olusatrum L. obtained by hydrodistillation in Clevenger-type apparatus. GC/MS analyzed the EO and the antibacterial activity was evaluated against clinical bacterial strains by two complementary methods (Disc diffusion and micro-atmosphere) and determination of Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). The results of chemical composition show that the EO is dominated by hydrocarbon monoterpenes (55,95%). The antibacterial effect shows that Gram-positive bacteria are the most sensitive to the inhibitory action of EO with inhibition zone diameters (DZI) ranging from 18 to 20 mm for Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus faecium strains. The same results were reported with the micro-atmosphere

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Comparative Analysis of In-Vitro Biological Activities of Methyl Eugenol Rich Cymbopogon khasianus Hack., Leaf Essential Oil with Pure Methyl Eugenol Compound

Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology ◽

10.2174/1389201021666200217113921 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (10) ◽

pp. 927-938 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Roktim Gogoi ◽

Rikraj Loying ◽

Neelav Sarma ◽

Twahira Begum ◽

Sudin K. Pandey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Methyl Eugenol ◽

Dpph Assay ◽

Pure Compound ◽

Allium Cepa Assay ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Lemongrass Essential Oil

Background: The essential oil of methyl eugenol rich Cymbopogon khasianus Hack. was evaluated and its bioactivities were compared with pure methyl eugenol. So far, methyl eugenol rich essential oil of lemongrass was not studied for any biological activities; hence, the present study was conducted. Objective: This study examined the chemical composition of essential oil of methyl eugenol rich Cymbopogon khasianus Hack., and evaluated its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and herbicidal properties and genotoxicity, which were compared with pure compound, methyl eugenol. Material and Methods: Methyl eugenol rich variety of Cymbopogon khasianus Hack., with registration no. INGR18037 (c.v. Jor Lab L-9) was collected from experimental farm CSIR-NEIST, Jorhat, Assam (26.7378°N, 94.1570°E). The essential oil wasobtained by hydro-distillation using a Clevenger apparatus. The chemical composition of the essential oil was evaluated using GC/MS analysis and its antioxidant (DPPH assay, reducing power assay), anti-inflammatory (Egg albumin denaturation assay), and antimicrobial (Disc diffusion assay, MIC) properties, seed germination effect and genotoxicity (Allium cepa assay) were studied and compared with pure Methyl Eugenol compound (ME). Results: Major components detected in the Essential Oil (EO) through Gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy analysis were methyl eugenol (73.17%) and β-myrcene (8.58%). A total of 35components were detected with a total identified area percentage of 98.34%. DPPH assay revealed considerable antioxidant activity of methyl eugenol rich lemongrass essential oil (IC50= 2.263 μg/mL), which is lower than standard ascorbic acid (IC50 2.58 μg/mL), and higher than standard Methyl Eugenol (ME) (IC50 2.253 μg/mL). Methyl eugenol rich lemongrass EO showed IC50 38.00 μg/mL, ME 36.44 μg/mL, and sodium diclofenac 22.76 μg/mL, in in-vitro anti-inflammatory test. Moderate antimicrobial activity towards the 8 tested microbes was shown by methyl eugenol rich lemongrass essential oil whose effectiveness against the microbes was less as compared to pure ME standard. Seed germination assay further revealed the herbicidal properties of methyl eugenol rich essential oil. Moreover, Allium cepa assay revealed moderate genotoxicity of the essential oil. Conclusion: This paper compared the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, genotoxicity and herbicidal activities of methyl eugenol rich lemongrass with pure methyl eugenol. This methyl eugenol rich lemongrass variety can be used as an alternative of methyl eugenol pure compound. Hence, the essential oil of this variety has the potential of developing cost-effective, easily available antioxidative/ antimicrobial drugs but its use should be under the safety range of methyl eugenol and needs further clinical trials.

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Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial activity, In Vitro Cytotoxicity and Leukotoxin Neutralization of Essential Oil from Origanum vulgare against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens9030192 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 192 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sanae Akkaoui ◽

Anders Johansson ◽

Maâmar Yagoubi ◽

Dorte Haubek ◽

Adnane El hamidi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Periodontal Diseases ◽

Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans ◽

Psidium Guajava ◽

Minimal Bactericidal Concentration ◽

Origanum Vulgare ◽

Neutralizing Capacity ◽

Broth Microdilution Method

In this study, the essential oil of Origanum vulgare was evaluated for putative antibacterial activity against six clinical strains and five reference strains of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, in comparison with some antimicrobials. The chemical composition of the essential oil was analyzed, using chromatography (CG) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry coupled (CG–MS). The major compounds in the oil were Carvacrol (32.36%), α-terpineol (16.70%), p-cymene (16.24%), and Thymol (12.05%). The antimicrobial activity was determined by an agar well diffusion test. A broth microdilution method was used to study the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). The minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) was also determined. The cytotoxicity of the essential oil (IC50) was <125 µg/mL for THP-1 cells, which was high in comparison with different MIC values for the A. actinomycetemcomitans strains. O. vulgare essential oil did not interfere with the neutralizing capacity of Psidium guajava against the A. actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxin. In addition, it was shown that the O. vulgare EO had an antibacterial effect against A. actinomycetemcomitans on a similar level as some tested antimicrobials. In view of these findings, we suggest that O.vulgare EO may be used as an adjuvant for prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases associated to A. actinomycetemcomitans. In addition, it can be used together with the previously tested leukotoxin neutralizing Psidium guajava.

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Chemical Composition and Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activity of a Citrus Essential Oil and Its Fractions

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26102888 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (10) ◽

pp. 2888

Author(s):

Carmen M. S. Ambrosio ◽

Gloria L. Diaz-Arenas ◽

Leidy P. A. Agudelo ◽

Elena Stashenko ◽

Carmen J. Contreras-Castillo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Biological Activities ◽

E Coli ◽

Beneficial Bacterium ◽

Minor Compounds ◽

Antibacterial And Antioxidant Activity ◽

High Relative Amount

Essential oils (EOs) from Citrus are the main by-product of Citrus-processing industries. In addition to food/beverage and cosmetic applications, citrus EOs could also potentially be used as an alternative to antibiotics in food-producing animals. A commercial citrus EO—Brazilian Orange Terpenes (BOT)—was fractionated by vacuum fractional distillation to separate BOT into various fractions: F1, F2, F3, and F4. Next, the chemical composition and biological activities of BOT and its fractions were characterized. Results showed the three first fractions had a high relative amount of limonene (≥10.86), even higher than the whole BOT. Conversely, F4 presented a larger relative amount of BOT’s minor compounds (carvone, cis-carveol, trans-carveol, cis-p-Mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol, and trans-p-Mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol) and a very low relative amount of limonene (0.08–0.13). Antibacterial activity results showed F4 was the only fraction exhibiting this activity, which was selective and higher activity on a pathogenic bacterium (E. coli) than on a beneficial bacterium (Lactobacillus sp.). However, F4 activity was lower than BOT. Similarly, F4 displayed the highest antioxidant activity among fractions (equivalent to BOT). These results indicated that probably those minor compounds that detected in F4 would be more involved in conferring the biological activities for this fraction and consequently for the whole BOT, instead of the major compound, limonene, playing this role exclusively.

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Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of The Essential Oil And Anatomical Markers Of Lavandula Dentata L. Cultivated In Brazil

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology ◽

10.1590/1678-4324-2018180111 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 61 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Barbara Justus ◽

Valter Paes de Almeida ◽

Melissa Marques Gonçalves ◽

Daniele Priscila da Silva Fardin de Assunção ◽

Debora Maria Borsato ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Biological Activities

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CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL OFMENTHA SPICATAL. FROM TUNISIA AND ITS BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES

Journal of Food Biochemistry ◽

10.1111/j.1745-4514.2012.00656.x ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 362-368 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

WISSAL DHIFI ◽

NAHIDA JELALI ◽

WISSEM MNIF ◽

MARIEM LITAIEM ◽

NACEUR HAMDI

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Biological Activities

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Chemical Composition, Enantiomeric Distribution, and Biological Activities of Rhododendron anthopogon Leaf Essential Oil from Nepal

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1601101230 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 1934578X1601101 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Noura S. Dosoky ◽

Prabodh Satyal ◽

Suraj Pokharel ◽

William N. Setzer

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Volatile Components ◽

Cytotoxic Activities ◽

Blood Disorders ◽

Leaf Essential Oil ◽

Microbroth Dilution

Rhododendron anthopogon D. Don., a small compact Himalayan shrub growing in Nepal, is a known medicinal plant used to treat sore throat, colds, blood disorders, bone disease, potato allergies, and vomiting, and to relieve liver disorders, headaches and back pain. The present study investigated the chemical composition and bioactivities of the leaf essential oil from R. anthopogon from Dhankuta, Nepal. The essential oil from leaves was obtained by hydrodistillation and a detailed chemical analysis was conducted by gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The enantiomeric distribution of monoterpenoid components was determined using chiral gas chromatography and represents the first chiral examination of R. anthopogon essential oil. The essential oil was screened for antimicrobial activity using the microbroth dilution test, and for cytotoxic activity against MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and 5637 using the MTT assay. A total of 70 volatile components were identified from the essential oil. The major components were α-pinene (21.5%), δ-cadinene (13.8%), β-pinene (9.5%), limonene (5.9%), δ-amorphene (4.6%), α-muurolene (4.5%), and ( E)-caryophyllene (3.2%) with other minor constituents (< 3%). The essential oil showed marginal antibacterial and cytotoxic activities, but no antifungal effects.

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Extraction, Chemical Composition, and Anticancer Potential of Origanum onites L. Essential Oil

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24142612 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (14) ◽

pp. 2612 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Katerina Spyridopoulou ◽

Eleni Fitsiou ◽

Eleni Bouloukosta ◽

Angeliki Tiptiri-Kourpeti ◽

Manolis Vamvakias ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Cell Lines ◽

Cancer Cell ◽

Antiproliferative Activity ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Colorectal Cancer Cell Line ◽

Ht 29 ◽

Origanum Onites

Origanum species are plants rich in volatile oils that are mainly used for culinary purposes. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the biological activities of their essential oils. Origanum onites L. is a plant mainly found in Greece, Turkey, and Sicily, whose oil is rich in carvacrol, a highly bioactive phytochemical. The aim of this study was to analyze the chemical composition of Origanum onites essential oil (OOEO), and investigate its potential anticancer effects in vitro and in vivo. GC/MS analysis identified carvacrol as OOEO’s main constituent. In vitro antiproliferative activity was assayed with the sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay against human cancer cell lines from four tumor types. HT-29, a colorectal cancer cell line, was the most sensitive to the antiproliferative activity of OOEO. Wound-healing assay and Annexin V-PI staining were employed to investigate the antimigratory and the pro-apoptotic potential of OOEO, respectively, against human (HT-29) and murine (CT26) colon cancer cells. Notably, OOEO attenuated migration and induced apoptosis-related morphological changes in both cell lines. Prophylactic oral administration of the oil in a BALB/c experimental mouse model inhibited the growth of syngeneic CT26 colon tumors. As far as we know, this is the first report on the antitumor potential of orally administered OOEO.

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