Chemical Composition of Volatile Compounds in Apis mellifera Propolis from the Northeast Region of Pará State, Brazil

Propolis is a balsamic product obtained from vegetable resins by exotic Africanized bees Apis mellifera L., transported and processed by them, originating from the activity that explores and maintains these individuals. Because of its vegetable and natural origins, propolis is a complex mixture of different compound classes; among them are the volatile compounds present in the aroma. In this sense, in the present study we evaluated the volatile fraction of propolis present in the aroma obtained by distillation and simultaneous extraction, and its chemical composition was determined using coupled gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, and flame ionization detection. The majority of compounds were sesquiterpene and hydrocarbons, comprising 8.2–22.19% α-copaene and 6.2–21.7% β-caryophyllene, with additional compounds identified in greater concentrations. Multivariate analysis showed that samples collected from one region may have different chemical compositions, which may be related to the location of the resin’s production. This may be related to other bee products.

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Volatile Metabolites in Liverworts of Ecuador

Metabolites ◽

10.3390/metabo10030092 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 92 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Eduardo Valarezo ◽

Oswaldo Tandazo ◽

Kathia Galán ◽

Jandry Rosales ◽

Ángel Benítez

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Gas Chromatography ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Volatile Compounds ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Caryophyllene Oxide ◽

Ionization Detector ◽

Volatile Metabolites ◽

Flame Ionization ◽

Germacrene D

Volatile metabolites from Frullania brasiliensis Raddi, Herbertus juniperoideus (Sw.) Grolle, Leptoscyphus hexagonus (Nees) Grolle, and Syzygiella anomala (Lindenb. & Gottsche) Steph collected in the south of Ecuador were investigated. Volatile secondary metabolites were extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography/flame ionization detector (GC/FID) and Gas chromatography/Mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Sixty-seven volatile compounds were identified in the four species, which represent between 80.12–90.17% of the total chemical composition. The major components were τ-muurolol (32.14%) and Germacrene-D (11.98%) in the essential oil of F. brasiliensis, bicyclogermacrene (18.23%), and Caryophyllene oxide (15.29%) in the oil of H. juniperoideus, Cabreuva oxide D (33.77%) and Elemol (18.55%) in the oil of Leptoscyphus hexagonus, and Silphiperfola-5,7(14)-diene (25.22%) and Caryophyllene oxide (8.98%) in the oil of Syzygiella anomala. This is the first report on volatile compounds for the species Herbertus juniperoideus, Leptoscyphus hexagonus, and Syzygiella anomala.

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Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activities of the Essential Oil From the Leaves of Pterocephalus hookeri

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x20981239 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (12) ◽

pp. 1934578X2098123

Author(s):

Peng-fei Yang ◽

Hui Lu ◽

Qiong-bo Wang ◽

Zhi-wei Zhao ◽

Qiang Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Flame Ionization ◽

And Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antimicrobial Assay ◽

Detailed Chemical

Detailed chemical constituents of essential oil from the Pterocephalus hookeri leaves and its antimicrobial activities were investigated in this study. The essential oil, obtained by hydrodistillation, was characterized by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses. Among the 90 identified compounds, hexadecanoic acid (21.27%), phytol (8.03%), furfural (7.08%), oleic acid (5.25%), and phytone (4.56%) were the major components. In the antimicrobial assay, the essential oil showed strong inhibitory activities against Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, and Staphylococcus aureus with minimum inhibitory concentration values of 31.3, 62.5, and 125 µg/mL, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first report concerning chemical composition and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil from Pterocephalus hookeri.

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Effect of Prunus serotina Ehrh. Volatile Compounds on Germination and Seedling Growth of Pinus sylvestris L.

Forests ◽

10.3390/f12070846 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 846

Author(s):

Aleksandra Halarewicz ◽

Antoni Szumny ◽

Paulina Bączek

Keyword(s):

Pinus Sylvestris ◽

Volatile Compounds ◽

Scots Pine ◽

Prunus Serotina ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Volatile Fraction ◽

Black Cherry ◽

Allelopathic Potential ◽

Pine Seedlings ◽

Phytotoxic Effect

In temperate European forests invaded by Prunus serotina Ehrh. (black cherry), a reduction in the spontaneous regeneration capacity of Pinus sylvestris L. (Scots pine) is observed. It could be caused by various factors, including allelopathic properties of this invasive plant. In this study the phytotoxic effect of P. serotina volatile compounds on P. sylvestris and the seasonal variation in this effect were assessed. Simple assays showed that volatiles emitted from P. serotina leaves significantly inhibited root growth of P. sylvestris seedlings. Their negative effect on stem growth was much weaker. The strongest phytotoxic effect on Scots pine seedlings was caused by the volatiles emitted from the youngest black cherry leaves. In fresh foliage of P. serotina, nineteen volatile organic compounds were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The dominant compound was benzaldehyde. On the basis of tests of linalool alone, it was found that this monoterpene present in the volatile fraction has a strong allelopathic potential and inhibits germination, root elongation and shoot elongation of pine seedlings. The results of our research suggest that volatile compounds from P. serotina leaves could limited survival of P. sylvestris individuals in the seedling phase.

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Response Surface Methodology to Optimize the Isolation of Dominant Volatile Compounds from Monofloral Greek Thyme Honey Using SPME-GC-MS

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26123612 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (12) ◽

pp. 3612

Author(s):

Marinos Xagoraris ◽

Alexandra Skouria ◽

Panagiota-Kyriaki Revelou ◽

Eleftherios Alissandrakis ◽

Petros A. Tarantilis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Volatile Compounds ◽

Response Surface ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Volatile Fraction ◽

Equilibration Time ◽

Stirrer Speed ◽

Magnetic Stirrer ◽

Thyme Honey

This study aimed at an experimental design of response surface methodology (RSM) in the optimization of the dominant volatile fraction of Greek thyme honey using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). For this purpose, a multiple response optimization was employed using desirability functions, which demand a search for optimal conditions for a set of responses simultaneously. A test set of eighty thyme honey samples were analyzed under the optimum conditions for validation of the proposed model. The optimized combination of isolation conditions was the temperature (60 °C), equilibration time (15 min), extraction time (30 min), magnetic stirrer speed (700 rpm), sample volume (6 mL), water: honey ratio (1:3 v/w) with total desirability over 0.50. It was found that the magnetic stirrer speed, which has not been evaluated before, had a positive effect, especially in combination with other factors. The above-developed methodology proved to be effective in the optimization of isolation of specific volatile compounds from a difficult matrix, like honey. This study could be a good basis for the development of novel RSM for other monofloral honey samples.

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Volatile Constituents of Three Piper Species from Vietnam

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1501001148 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 1934578X1501001

Author(s):

Le D. Hieu ◽

Tran M. Hoi ◽

Tran D. Thang ◽

Isiaka A. Ogunwande

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Gas Chromatography ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Flame Ionization Detection ◽

Volatile Oils ◽

Benzyl Benzoate ◽

Volatile Constituents ◽

Flame Ionization ◽

Germacrene D ◽

Leaf Oil

The chemical compositions of the essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation of three Piper plants grown in Vietnam are reported. The analysis was achieved by means of gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The main constituents of the leaf oil of Piper majusculum Blume were β-caryophyllene (20.7%), germacrene D (18.6%) and β-elemene (11.3%). The quantitatively significant compounds of the volatile oils of P. harmandii C. DC were sabinene (leaves, 14.5%; stems, 16.2%), benzyl benzoate (leaves, 20.0%; stems, 29.40%) and benzyl salicylate (leaves, 14.1%; stems, 24.3%). Also, α-cadinol (17.0%) was identified in large proportion in the leaf oil. However, sabinene (leaves, 17.9%; stems, 13.5%), benzyl benzoate (leaves, 20.5%; stems, 32.5%) and β-eudesmol (leaves, 13.8%; stems, 8.4%) were the main constituents of P. brevicaule C. DC. This is the first report on the volatile constituents of both P. harmandii and P. brevicaule.

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Flame ionization detection for the determination of the chemical composition distribution of non-UV absorbing copolymers

Chromatographia ◽

10.1007/bf02262395 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 31 (9-10) ◽

pp. 493-499 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

G. H. J. van Doremaele ◽

J. Kurja ◽

H. A. Claessens ◽

A. L. German

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Flame Ionization Detection ◽

Composition Distribution ◽

Ionization Detection ◽

Flame Ionization ◽

Chemical Composition Distribution

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Soil and Leaf Nutrients Drivers on the Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Siparuna muricata (Ruiz & Pav.) A. DC. from Ecuador

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26102949 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (10) ◽

pp. 2949

Author(s):

Juan I. Burneo ◽

Ángel Benítez ◽

James Calva ◽

Pablo Velastegui ◽

Vladimir Morocho

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Chemical Elements ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Leaf Nutrients ◽

First Time

Chemical compositions of plants are affected by the initial nutrient contents in the soil and climatic conditions; thus, we analyzed for the first time the effects of soil and leaf nutrients on the compositions of the essential oils (EOs) of Siparuna muricata in four different localities in Ecuador. EOs were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and a gas chromatography/flame ionization detector (GC/FID). Enantiomeric distribution by GC/MS was determined, modifying the enantiomeric separation of β-pinene, limonene, δ-elemene, β-bourbonene, cis-cadina-1 (6), 4-diene and atractylone. A total of 44 compounds were identified. The most representative for L1 were guaiol, atractylone and 4-diene; for L2, cis-cadina-1(6),4-diene and myrcene; for L3, atractylone, myrcene and germacrene B; and finally, L4 germacrene B, myrcene and cis-cadina-1(6),4-diene. Correlations between soil- leaf chemical elements such as Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn, N and Si in the different localities were significant with chemical composition of the essential oil of Siparuna muricata; however, correlations between soil and leaf K, P, and Na were not significant. Cluster and NMDS analysis showed high dissimilarity values of secondary metabolites between four localities related with changes in soil- leaf nutrients. Thus, the SIMPER routine revealed that not all secondary metabolites contribute equally to establishing the differences in the four localities, and the largest contributions are due to differences in guaiol, cis-cadina-1(6),4-diene, atractylone and germacrene. Our investigation showed for the first time the influences of altitude and soil- leaf chemical elements in the chemical composition of the EOs of S. muricata.

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The influence of roasting conditions on volatile flavour compounds in raw and roasted cashew kernels (Anacadium ocidentale) grown in Nigeria

Croatian Journal of Food Science and Technology ◽

10.17508/cjfst.2019.11.1.01 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Olawale Paul Olatidoye ◽

Taofik Akinyemi Shittu ◽

Samuel Olusegun Awonorin ◽

Emmanuel Sunday Akin Ajisegiri

Keyword(s):

Volatile Compounds ◽

Extraction Procedure ◽

Consumer Acceptability ◽

Volatile Fraction ◽

Flavour Compounds ◽

Overall Acceptability ◽

Flame Ionization ◽

Volatile Flavour ◽

Steam Distillation Extraction ◽

Temperature Time

The use of inappropriate temperature-time combinations during the roasting of nuts could lead to quality defects, such as burnt taste, short shelf-life, rancidity, and poor flavour. In this study, cashew kernels were roasted in a forced airflow-drying oven for 20, 40,and 60 min at 100, 120, 140, and 160°C. The productswere evaluated for volatile flavour compounds and the sensory evaluation of the roasted cashew kernelsat different roasting conditions. The volatile fraction was isolated using the combined steam distillation–extraction procedure and identified by gas chromatography–flame-ionization detection (GC-FID). The consumer acceptability test was carried out by 100 panellists using nine point hedonic scales to assess preferences for like or dislike, colour, taste, texture, flavour,and overall acceptability. It was found that there were significant differences in flavour compounds between the different conditions of roasting. Twenty-nine volatile compounds were identified in both fresh and roasted cashew kernelscomprising five main classes,which consist of 12 hydrocarbons, eight aldehydes, four ketones, three alcohols,and one acid. The volatile compounds(mg/100g) ranged from 5.03x10-2to 1.20 (2-butanone), 7.46x10-6to 1.85 (hexanal), 8.91x10-6to 1.94 (acetone), 6.74x10-1to 2.24 (benzaldehyde). The amount of generated volatile compounds increased astheroasting temperature and time increased. The consumer acceptability test revealed that samples roasted for 40 or 60 min at 140°C produced the most acceptable product in terms of all the measured attributes. The study showed that the roasting conditions produced acceptable cashew kernelsof desirable colour and superior flavour quality that enhance direct and commercial utilization.

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The secretion of ibuprofen metabolites interferes with the capillary chromatography of urinary homovanillic acid and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymandelic acid in neuroblastoma diagnosis

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) ◽

10.1515/cclm.2005.029 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Isabella Levreri ◽

Ubaldo Caruso ◽

Franca Deiana ◽

Antonella Buoncompagni ◽

Bruno De Bernardi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Capillary Gas Chromatography ◽

Homovanillic Acid ◽

Urine Samples ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Catecholamine Metabolism ◽

Flame Ionization Detection ◽

Trimethylsilyl Ester ◽

Ionization Detection ◽

Flame Ionization

AbstractNeuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children. Abnormal secretion of catechol-amines in tissues and body fluids allows for the differential diagnosis of neuroblastoma from other neoplasms and its distinction from non-neoplastic inflammatory diseases. This is achieved by assaying homovanillic acid and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymandelic acid, the catabolites of catecholamine metabolism. In the course of an evaluation of children with suspected neuroblastoma, homovanillic acid and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymandelic acid were analyzed in urine samples by capillary gas chromatography with flame ionization detection after extraction and derivatization of these compounds as trimethylsilyl derivatives. In three urine samples a significant increase in biogenic amines was observed, but these results were not confirmed by thin-layer chromatography. Patient history revealed that these children had been treated with ibuprofen, an analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug. To verify how ibuprofen or its metabolites may have interfered with capillary gas chromatography with flame ionization detection, we analyzed the same samples by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In urine samples from patients on the drug, the presence of a peak identified as the trimethylsilyl ester of hydroxyibuprofen, which had the same retention time as 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymandelic acid, was found to interfere with the capillary gas chromatography with flame ionization detection analysis of the metabolite. This interference must be taken into account during the laboratory diagnosis of neuroblastoma.

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Chemical composition of the essential oil of Psidium guajava leaves and its toxicity against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2018v39n2p865 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 865

Author(s):

Elizabeth Aparecida Josefi Silva ◽

Vanessa Paula da Silva ◽

Cassia Cristina Fernandes Alves ◽

José Milton Alves ◽

Edson Luiz Souchie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽

Psidium Guajava ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Flame Ionization ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Dry Seasons ◽

Guava Leaves

Globally, the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is considered as one of the most important phytopathogens, since it affects the production of several economically important crops. Further, it is difficult to control, thus increasing the use of pesticides. Therefore, the search for new substances, especially those extracted from plants, has received special attention to control this plant pathogen. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the yield and chemical composition of the essential oil extracted from the fresh leaves of guava collected during the rainy and dry seasons, and also to evaluate its toxicity against S. sclerotiorum. The experiment was a completely randomized design with five treatments and six replicates. The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation of the leaves and analyzed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The main compounds identified in the essential oil were trans-caryophyllene and ?-humulene. The essential oil at a concentration of 300 ?L exhibited 90% inhibition of the mycelial growth of S. sclerotiorum. This confirmed the antifungal potential of the essential oil of the guava leaves during both the sampling seasons.

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