scholarly journals Pulp Enhancement of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFBs) via Biobleaching by Using Xylano-Pectinolytic Enzymes of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ADI2

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (14) ◽  
pp. 4279
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hariadi Nawawi ◽  
Rosfarizan Mohamad ◽  
Paridah Md Tahir ◽  
Ainun Zuriyati Asa′ari ◽  
Wan Zuhainis Saad
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens ◽  
Environmental Effect ◽  
Paper Pulp ◽  
Pulp Industry ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Paper Making ◽  
Pectinolytic Enzymes ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Different Doses

The present work reports the biobleaching effect on OPEFB pulp upon utilisation of extracellular xylano-pectinolytic enzymes simultaneously yielded from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ADI2. The impacts of different doses, retention times, pH, and temperatures required for the pulp biobleaching process were delineated accordingly. Here, the OPEFB pulp was subjected to pre-treatment with xylano-pectinolytic enzymes generated from the same alkalo-thermotolerant isolate that yielded those of higher quality. Remarkable enhanced outcomes were observed across varying pulp attributes: for example, enzyme-treated pulp treated to chemical bleaching sequence generated improved brightness of 11.25%. This resulted in 11.25% of less chlorine or chemical consumption required for obtaining pulp with optical attributes identical to those generated via typical chemical bleaching processes. Ultimately, the reduced consumption of chlorine would minimise the organochlorine compounds found in an effluent, resulting in a lowered environmental effect of paper-making processes overall as a consequence. This will undoubtedly facilitate such environmentally-friendly technology incorporation in the paper pulp industry of today.

scholarly journals Optimasi pengomposan tandan kosong kelapa sawit menggunakan dekomposer bakteri lignoselulolitik skala komersial Optimization of decomposition of empty fruit bunches oil palm using lignocellulolytic bacterialdecomposercomposting in commercial scale

2016 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Happy WIDIASTUTI ◽  
Haryo Tejo PRAKOSO ◽  
. SUHARYANTO ◽  
. SISWANTO
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Commercial Scale ◽  
Aerobic Decomposition ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Decomposition System

AbstractDecomposition produces methane gas that contribute to greenhouse gas emissions. A research has been conducted to anticipate the occurrence of greenhouse gas emissions by composting of oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) waste with aerobic systems using lignocellulolytic bacterial decom-posers (LCBD) in a commercial scale. Two of the activities carried out areoptimization of anaerobic decomposition (pre-treatment) process and optimization of anaerobic-aerobic decompositionin a scale of 50 tons and 780 tons. The results showed that the best pre-treatment is decomposition using fungal decomposer (Acticomp) in an open area and covered with a plastic. In the anaerobic-aerobic decomposition system on scale of 50 tons, the best treatment is using fungal decomposer (Acticomp) and lcbd both for four weeks each while on a scale of 780 tons showed that EFB decomposition on combination of anaerobic and aerobic decom-position system within two months and two weeks respectively produce compost with the C/N ratio of 20.5. The properties of compost was perfectly mature and producing the highest number of green bean germinated seeds.AbstrakPengomposan atau dekomposisi secara anaerob menghasilkan gas metan yang dapat me-nyumbang emisi gas rumah kaca.Untuk antisipasi terjadinya emisi gas rumah kaca telah dilakukan penelitian pengomposan limbah tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) dengan sistem aerobik menggunakan dekomposer bakteri lignoselulolitik (DBLS)pada skala komersial. Dua kegiatan yang dilakukan adalah optimasi pengomposan anaerob (pre treatment) dan optimasi pengomposan anaerobik-aerobik masing-masing pada skala 50 ton dan 780 ton. Pada optimasi pengomposan dua faktor yang diuji adalah penggunaan dekomposer dan penutupan kompos sedangkan pada optimasi pengomposan anaerobik-aerobik diuji pengaruh penggunaan DBLS dan pengaruh penggunaan DBLS   dan   lama   periode  sistem  pengomposan. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa pre treatment terbaik adalah pengomposan dengan dekomposer jamur (Acticomp) di areal terbuka dan ditutup terpal. Perlakuan pada sistem anaerobik-aerobik skala 50 ton terbaik adalah pengomposan dengan dekomposer jamur (Acticomp) selama empat minggu dan dengan DBLS selama empat minggu sedangkan pada skala 780 ton menunjukkan bahwa pengomposan TKKS pada kombinasi antara pe-ngomposan dengan dekomposer jamur (Acticomp) dan DBLS masing-masing dalam waktu dua bulan dan dua minggu menghasilkan kompos TKKS dengan rasio C/N 20,5 dengan karakter matang sempurna dan mampu menghasilkan jumlah biji kacang hijau berkecambah tertinggi. 

scholarly journals Strategy to enhance the sugar production using recyclable inorganic salt for pre-treatment of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB)

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 4912-4931
Author(s):  
Nursia Hassan ◽  
Nur Amirah Khairina Khairil Anwar ◽  
Ani Idris
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Pretreatment Time ◽  
Pretreatment Temperature ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Pretreatment Conditions

Inorganic salts were used for the pretreatment of oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) to enhance the delignification and saccharification yield of OPEFB. The sequential pretreatment of OPEFB using sodium phosphate dodecahydrate (Na3PO4.12H2O) and zinc chloride (ZnCl2) proved to be an effective approach. OPEFB was delignified by 58.8%, producing a maximum total reducing sugar (TRS) yield of 0.97 g/g under optimum pretreatment conditions of 15% Na3PO4.12H2O, 60 min (30 min/stage) pretreatment time, 10% solid to liquid ratio, and pretreatment temperature of 121 °C. In addition, structural and morphological analysis of the pretreated OPEFB using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X- ray diffraction (X-RD) revealed major structural changes, such as the generation of porous structure, which allows for better enzyme accessibility. Moreover, recycle experiments showed encouraging findings, as the spent pretreatment liquid with pH adjustment can be recycled efficiently for at least 5 times without a substantial decrease in its effectiveness.

scholarly journals Chemical pre-treatments on oil palm empty fruit bunches: Impacts on characteristics and methane potential

2021 ◽  
Vol 924 (1) ◽  
pp. 012071
Author(s):  
N A Rohma ◽  
S Suhartini ◽  
I Nurika
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Test System ◽  
Biochemical Methane Potential ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Methane Potential ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Bmp Test

Abstract Production of biogas from lignocellulosic biomass by anaerobic digestion (AD) has attracted much interest. Oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB), one of lignocellulosic biomass, is highly abundant in Indonesia and has potential as feedstock for bioenergy production such as biogas or methane. Yet, pre-treatments are needed to improve biogas production due to its complex crystalline structures. Chemical pre-treatments with acid or alkaline solution were reported to increase cellulose or highly reduce the lignin content of OPEFB. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of acid and alkaline pre-treatments on the characteristics of OPEFB and methane potential. The acid pre-treatment experimental design was used factor of H2SO4 concentration (1, 1.3, and 1.6 (%v/v)) and NaOH concentration (1.8, 2.8, and 3.8 (%w/v)). Methane potential evaluation was carried out using the biochemical methane potential (BMP) test with the Automatic Methane Potential Test System (AMPTS) II under mesophilic condition (37°C), operated for 28 days. The results showed that both dilute acid and alkaline pre-treatment positively impact altering the characteristics of OPEFB, hence the specific methane potential. Alkaline pre-treatment with NaOH 3.8 (%w/v) gave the highest average SMP value of 0.161 ± 0.005 m3 CH4/kgVSadded.

scholarly journals Effect Of Pre-Treatment And Inoculant During Composting Of Palm Oil Empty Fruit Bunches

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
A.Y. Zahrim ◽  
I.K.T. Yee ◽  
E.S.C. Thian ◽  
S.Y. Heng ◽  
J. Janaun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens ◽  
Untreated Sample ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Palm Oil Mill ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Pretreatment Conditions ◽  
Organic Matter Loss

In this work, untreated empty fruit bunch (EFB) or microwave-assisted NaOHpretreated EFB with palm oil mill effluent (POME) were composted under mesophilicconditions either in the presence or absence of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens D203 for sixtydays. During pretreatment conditions, the EFB was mixed with 1% (w/w) sodiumhydroxide and then exposed to microwave irradiation. The composting process wasevaluated based on the evolution of pH, electrical conductivity, moisture content, organicmatter loss, zeta potential and phytotoxicity. The strain Bacillus amyloliquefaciens D203 is not suitable for EFB-POME composting due to lower organic matter loss. The microwave-assisted NaOH pretreatment contributed to ~15% more organic matter loss than was found in the untreated sample while its germination index was >50%.

scholarly journals Optimasi pengomposan tandan kosong kelapa sawit menggunakan dekomposer bakteri lignoselulolitik skala komersial Optimization of decomposition of empty fruit bunches oil palm using lignocellulolytic bacterialdecomposercomposting in commercial scale

2016 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Happy WIDIASTUTI ◽  
Haryo Tejo PRAKOSO ◽  
. SUHARYANTO ◽  
. SISWANTO
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Commercial Scale ◽  
Aerobic Decomposition ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Decomposition System

AbstractDecomposition produces methane gas that contribute to greenhouse gas emissions. A research has been conducted to anticipate the occurrence of greenhouse gas emissions by composting of oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) waste with aerobic systems using lignocellulolytic bacterial decom-posers (LCBD) in a commercial scale. Two of the activities carried out areoptimization of anaerobic decomposition (pre-treatment) process and optimization of anaerobic-aerobic decompositionin a scale of 50 tons and 780 tons. The results showed that the best pre-treatment is decomposition using fungal decomposer (Acticomp) in an open area and covered with a plastic. In the anaerobic-aerobic decomposition system on scale of 50 tons, the best treatment is using fungal decomposer (Acticomp) and lcbd both for four weeks each while on a scale of 780 tons showed that EFB decomposition on combination of anaerobic and aerobic decom-position system within two months and two weeks respectively produce compost with the C/N ratio of 20.5. The properties of compost was perfectly mature and producing the highest number of green bean germinated seeds.AbstrakPengomposan atau dekomposisi secara anaerob menghasilkan gas metan yang dapat me-nyumbang emisi gas rumah kaca.Untuk antisipasi terjadinya emisi gas rumah kaca telah dilakukan penelitian pengomposan limbah tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) dengan sistem aerobik menggunakan dekomposer bakteri lignoselulolitik (DBLS)pada skala komersial. Dua kegiatan yang dilakukan adalah optimasi pengomposan anaerob (pre treatment) dan optimasi pengomposan anaerobik-aerobik masing-masing pada skala 50 ton dan 780 ton. Pada optimasi pengomposan dua faktor yang diuji adalah penggunaan dekomposer dan penutupan kompos sedangkan pada optimasi pengomposan anaerobik-aerobik diuji pengaruh penggunaan DBLS dan pengaruh penggunaan DBLS   dan   lama   periode  sistem  pengomposan. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa pre treatment terbaik adalah pengomposan dengan dekomposer jamur (Acticomp) di areal terbuka dan ditutup terpal. Perlakuan pada sistem anaerobik-aerobik skala 50 ton terbaik adalah pengomposan dengan dekomposer jamur (Acticomp) selama empat minggu dan dengan DBLS selama empat minggu sedangkan pada skala 780 ton menunjukkan bahwa pengomposan TKKS pada kombinasi antara pe-ngomposan dengan dekomposer jamur (Acticomp) dan DBLS masing-masing dalam waktu dua bulan dan dua minggu menghasilkan kompos TKKS dengan rasio C/N 20,5 dengan karakter matang sempurna dan mampu menghasilkan jumlah biji kacang hijau berkecambah tertinggi. 

scholarly journals MAKING PAPER FROM MIXTURE OF OIL PALM FRONDS (OPF) AND OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCHES (OPEFB)

Konversi ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nanna Nanna ◽  
Syahrul Rhamadhani ◽  
Siti Aminah ◽  
Aji Larasati Putri Riadi ◽  
Novy Pralisa Putri
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Paper Pulp ◽  
Solvent Concentration ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Oil Palm Fronds ◽  
Folding Endurance ◽  
Palm Fronds ◽  
Tear Resistance

The oil palm industry produces solid waste such as oil palm fronds (OPF) and empty fruit bunches (OPEFB), but the utilization of the OPEFB waste is still limited to composting. Even the palm fronds are only left on the farm without being processed. While both types of waste contain a lot of cellulose and can be processed into more economic value. In addition to compost, the two types of waste can be used as pulp and paper. Hence, in this study, the two wastes are processed into the paper with a variety of concentrations of solvents and mixtures. The aim is to determine the effect of solvent concentration in the process of making paper pulp and the effect of the comparison of the mixture of paper pulp with the characteristics of the paper produced. Each material is processed into pulp by the soda process using sodium hydroxide as a solvent. While the solvent concentration used is 20%, 30%, and 40% for materials from OPEFB, while the material from OPF is only mixed with 20% sodium hydroxide solution. Then the pulp, OPEFB pulp with various variations of solvent, mixed pulp with the ratio of OPF pulp and OPEFB pulp of 1: 3; 1: 1; and 3: 1 processed into paper. The resulting paper was analyzed to study folding strength, tear strength, and paper thickness. The results of the study prove that the folding endurance and tear resistance of the paper have smaller in the greater concentration of the solvent. By contrast, the thickness of the paper is greater. Besides, more the mass of OPEFB in the pulp mixture, then the folding endurance and tear resistance of the paper have less, while the thickness is decreasing. 

Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of Torrefied Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Briquettes

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bemgba Nyakuma ◽  
◽  
Arshad Ahmad ◽  
Anwar Johari ◽  
Tuan Abdullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Decomposition Kinetics ◽  
Thermal Decomposition Kinetics ◽  
Kinetic Properties ◽  
Tg Analysis ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Thermal Lag ◽  
Profile Characteristics ◽  
Kinetics Of

The study is aimed at investigating the thermal behavior and decomposition kinetics of torrefied oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) briquettes using a thermogravimetric (TG) analysis and the Coats-Redfern model. The results revealed that thermal decomposition kinetics of OPEFB and torrefied OPEFB briquettes is significantly influenced by the severity of torrefaction temperature. Furthermore, the temperature profile characteristics; Tonset, Tpeak, and Tend increased consistently due to the thermal lag observed during TG analysis. In addition, the torrefied OPEFB briquettes were observed to possess superior thermal and kinetic properties over the untorrefied OPEFB briquettes. It can be inferred that torrefaction improves the fuel properties of pelletized OPEFB for potential utilization in bioenergy conversion systems.

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