scholarly journals Effect of Sonication Treatment and Maceration Time in the Extraction of Polysaccharide Compounds during Red Wine Vinification

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (15) ◽  
pp. 4452
Author(s):  
Leticia Martínez-Lapuente ◽  
Zenaida Guadalupe ◽  
Paula Pérez-Porras ◽  
Ana Belén Bautista-Ortín ◽  
Encarna Gómez-Plaza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Power ◽  
Alcoholic Fermentation ◽  
Red Wine ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Pectic Polysaccharides ◽  
The Us ◽  
Sonication Treatment ◽  
The Moment ◽  
First Time ◽  
Us Technology

The application of high-power ultrasounds (US) at 28 kHz to the crushed grapes and the use of different pomace contact times caused changes in the content and composition of monosaccharides and polysaccharides in the musts and wines. These differences were maintained from the moment of pressing (end of maceration) until the end of the alcoholic fermentation. The US increased the content of monosaccharides and polysaccharides in the musts by facilitating their extraction from the solid parts during maceration. The application of medium maceration time (3 days) to sonicated grapes led to an extraction of polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose, rhamnogalacturonan type II (RG-II) and mannoproteins (MP), similar to that observed in the control wines made with an extended maceration of 7 days (968.21 vs. 1029.45; 895.04 vs. 1700.50; 356.81 vs. 343.95, respectively). This fact was attributed to a higher extraction in the must during the sonication process and to an important release of pectic polysaccharides during the pressing of the sonicated pomace, which is reported here for the first time. Therefore, the US technology could be useful for increasing the polysaccharide content in the wines or for reducing the maceration time needed to achieve certain levels of wine polysaccharides.

Contribution of grape skin and fermentation microorganisms to the development of red- and black-berry aroma in Merlot wines

OENO One ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bénédicte Pineau ◽  
Jean-Christophe Barbe ◽  
Cornelis Van Leeuwen ◽  
Denis Dubourdieu
Keyword(s):  
Alcoholic Fermentation ◽  
Red Wine ◽  
Grape Juice ◽  
Skin Extract ◽  
Grape Skin ◽  
Physical Presence ◽  
Sensory Analyses ◽  
Grape Skins ◽  
First Time ◽  
Grape Skin Extract

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Aim</strong>: The aim of this study was to elucidate how an initially neutral Merlot must resulted in a wine with characteristic aromas of red- and black-berry fruit, focusing on the respective contributions of yeast metabolism together with grape juice, pulp, and skins.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Methods and Results</strong>: Sensory analyses were performed on Merlot grape skin maceration models, based on observations in the winery. Initial findings revealed that strong fruity nuances appeared during pre-fermentation maceration. In the maceration models used, the development of aroma of red- and black-berry fruit systematically paralleled the growth of the yeast population. The respective roles of grape skins and yeasts were investigated throughout the alcoholic fermentation of model musts with addition of Merlot skins or Merlot skin extract in ethanol. The aromatic nuances revealed by alcoholic fermentation in a must alone had no specific white-, rosé-, or red-wine character. In contrast, wines made by microvinification with grape skins and/or grape skin extract in ethanol had a clear, intense aroma of red- and black-berry. Microvinification with both Merlot skin extract and grape skins revealed the most intense fruity character.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusions</strong>: Inodorous skin constituents produced a specific aroma of red- and black-berry fruit after alcoholic fermentation by yeast. The physical presence of grape skins during fermentation enhanced the intensity of the fruity nuances obtained.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Significance and impact of the study</strong>: The study established, for the first time, the existence of inodorous constituents in Merlot grape skins, extractible by ethanol and transformed by yeasts to produce a specific aroma of red- and black-berry fruit in the finished wines.</p>

TOWARDS THE QUESTION OF SPECIALIZED FEEDS FOR TENCHES (TINCA TINCA)

2017 ◽  
pp. 89-97
Author(s):  
Elena Mikhaylovna Chervonenko ◽  
Lina Yurievna Lagutkina
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
State Technical ◽  
Tinca Tinca ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Volga River ◽  
The Moment ◽  
First Time ◽  
Technical Centre

The article describes the process of tench growing (male and female species removed from set gear in the Volga river in the Astrakhan region) using experimental feedstuff "T", taking into account the fact that problems with artificial growing tench ( Тinca tinca ) appear first in the process of feeding when wild sires change to artificial food. The research took place on the base of the department of aquaculture and water bioresources of Astrakhan State Technical University in innovation centre "Bioaquapark - scientific and technical centre of aquaculture" in 2015. Special feed including components of animal origin - mosquito grab and sludge worm as an effective substitute to fish flour, as well as components of vegetable origin (carrot, parsley, pumpkin, wheatgrass) for domestication of tenches are offered for the first time. Food technology has been described. The exact composition of the formula, which is being licensed at the moment, is not disclosed. Feed "T", which has undergone biological analysis and is in accordance with organoleptic and physical standards was used for feeding tench female and male species during domestication period (60 days), along with food "Coppens" (Holland). Feed efficiency was determined according to survival and daily fish growth. Growth rate of females appeared more intensive than growth rate of males fed with experimental food "T". Daily growth changed depending on the types of food: from 0.3 ("Coppens") to 0.47 (experimental food) in females, from 0.25 ("Coppens") to 0.39 (experimental food) with males. Ability to survive among tench species fed with "Coppens" and experimental food made 60% and 100%, correspondingly. Nutricion of tench species with experimental food encouraged their domestication, which allowed using tench species in further fish breeding process in order to get offspring. The project was supported by the Innovation Promotion Fund in terms of the project "Development and implementation of the technique for the steady development of aquaculture: food "TechSA".

Reflections on the Meaning of Study Abroad

1995 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 96-103
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Shannon
Keyword(s):  
Study Abroad ◽  
Nursery School ◽  
Multiple Identities ◽  
Danger Zone ◽  
Host Family ◽  
The People ◽  
Life Itself ◽  
The Moment ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Stranger

Study abroad begins long before students leave their own shores. The moment that children enter daycare, nursery school, or kindergarten for the first time, they are in foreign territory, and all their antennae are out, testing, absorbing, learning. They begin to develop the first of their many multiple identities. They are no longer "Johnny" or "Sarah" whom everyone knows and loves at home, but Johnny or Sarah whom no one knows nor initially cares about, and they have to figure out what kind of a new identity they will develop so the danger zone becomes as safe as home.  Leaving familiar surroundings- the sounds, smells, safety, and food of home- and realizing, quite abruptly, that they must learn to adapt to the demands and needs of strangers, is the first and the most challenging "trip abroad" they will ever take. They will use the same set of skills, more mature, more polished (we hope) when they arrive on a foreign campus and move in with a host family or into an international dormitory.  Learning to make the journey with ease, whether it is on the first day of school or the day a plane drops one in a foreign field, is a necessary accomplishment. We have to make friends out of our peers; we have to gain the respect of our teachers; we have to develop curiosity and concern about the people around us. The stranger they seem, the more there is to learn. To fear diversity is to fear life itself. As the world becomes smaller and more integrated, the more crucial this accomplishment grows. 

A University Education

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Willetts
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
University Education ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The University ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

Universities have a crucial role in the modern world. In England, entrance to universities is by nation-wide competition which means English universities have an exceptional influence on schools--a striking theme of the book. This important book first investigates the university as an institution and then tracks the individual on their journey to and through university. In A University Education, David Willetts presents a compelling case for the ongoing importance of the university, both as one of the great institutions of modern society and as a transformational experience for the individual. The book also makes illuminating comparisons with higher education in other countries, especially the US and Germany. Drawing on his experience as UK Minister for Universities and Science from 2010 to 2014, the author offers a powerful account of the value of higher education and the case for more expansion. He covers controversial issues in which he was involved from access for disadvantaged students to the introduction of L9,000 fees. The final section addresses some of the big questions for the future, such as the the relationship between universities and business, especially in promoting innovation.. He argues that the two great contemporary trends of globalisation and technological innovation will both change the university significantly. This is an authoritative account of English universities setting them for the first time in their new legal and regulatory framework.

Ionized AGN outflows are less powerful than assumed: A multi-wavelength census of outflows in type II AGN

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (S356) ◽  
pp. 225-225
Author(s):  
Dalya Baron
Keyword(s):  
Optical Emission ◽  
Infrared Emission ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Ionized Gas ◽  
Kinetic Coupling ◽  
Mass Outflow ◽  
Multi Wavelength ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
First Time ◽  
Ionization Parameter

AbstractIn this talk I will show that multi-wavelength observations can provide novel constraints on the properties of ionized gas outflows in AGN. I will present evidence that the infrared emission in active galaxies includes a contribution from dust which is mixed with the outflow and is heated by the AGN. We detect this infrared component in thousands of AGN for the first time, and use it to constrain the outflow location. By combining this with optical emission lines, we constrain the mass outflow rates and energetics in a sample of 234 type II AGN, the largest such sample to date. The key ingredient of our new outflow measurements is a novel method to estimate the electron density using the ionization parameter and location of the flow. The inferred electron densities, ∼104.5 cm−3, are two orders of magnitude larger than found in most other cases of ionized outflows. We argue that the discrepancy is due to the fact that the commonly-used [SII]-based method underestimates the true density by a large factor. As a result, the inferred mass outflow rates and kinetic coupling efficiencies are 1–2 orders of magnitude lower than previous estimates, and 3–4 orders of magnitude lower than the typical requirement in hydrodynamic cosmological simulations. These results have significant implications for the relative importance of ionized outflows feedback in this population.

scholarly journals Period-Life of a Branching Process with Migration and Continuous Time

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 868
Author(s):  
Khrystyna Prysyazhnyk ◽  
Iryna Bazylevych ◽  
Ludmila Mitkova ◽  
Iryna Ivanochko
Keyword(s):  
Random Process ◽  
Generating Function ◽  
Continuous Time ◽  
Branching Process ◽  
Probability Generating Function ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
The Moment ◽  
First Time ◽  
Critical Branching Process ◽  
Number Of Particles

The homogeneous branching process with migration and continuous time is considered. We investigated the distribution of the period-life τ, i.e., the length of the time interval between the moment when the process is initiated by a positive number of particles and the moment when there are no individuals in the population for the first time. The probability generating function of the random process, which describes the behavior of the process within the period-life, was obtained. The boundary theorem for the period-life of the subcritical or critical branching process with migration was found.

Fleeing the Soviet Union, Dancing on the West Coast

Experiment ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 297-316
Author(s):  
Lorin Johnson ◽  
Donald Bradburn
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
High Power ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Southern California ◽  
The West ◽  
The Arts ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
First Time

In the 1970s and 1980s, Los Angeles audiences saw Soviet defectors Mikhail Baryshnikov, Alexander Godunov, Natalia Makarova, and Rudolf Nureyev in the prime of their careers at the Hollywood Bowl, The Dorothy Chandler Pavilion and the Greek Theater. Dance photographer Donald Dale Bradburn, a local Southern California dancer describes his behind-the-scenes access to these dancers in this interview. Perfectly positioned as Dance Magazine’s Southern California correspondent, Bradburn offers a candid appraisal of the Southern California appeal for such high-power Russian artists as well as their impact on the arts of Los Angeles. An intimate view of Russian dancers practicing their craft on Los Angeles stages, Bradburn’s interview is illustrated by fourteen of his photographs, published for the first time in this issue of Experiment.

The Situation of Catholic Instruction in Transylvania during the Communist Takeover

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-52
Author(s):  
László Holló
Keyword(s):  
Religious Education ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Virgin Mary ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
God's Will ◽  
School Network ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Moment ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Catholic Church

"In less than one year, the Catholic Church, just like the other denominations, lost its school network built along the centuries. This was the moment when the bishop wrote: “No one can resent if we shed tears over the loss of our schools and educational institutions”. Moreover, he stated that he would do everything to re-store the injustice since they could not resent if we used all the legal possibilities and instruments to retrieve our schools that we were illegally dispossessed of. Furthermore, he evaluated the situation realistically and warned the families to be more responsible. He emphasized the parents’ responsibility. First and foremost, the mother was the child’s first teacher of religion. She taught him the first prayers; he heard about God, Jesus, the Virgin Mary, and the angels from his mother for the first time. He asked for the mothers’ and the parents’ support also in mastering the teachings of the faith. Earlier, he already instructed the priests to organize extramu-ral biblical classes for the children and youth. At this point, he asked the families to cooperate effectively, especially to lead an ardent, exemplary religious life, so that the children would grow up in a religious and moral life according to God’s will, learn-ing from the parents’ examples. And just as on many other occasions throughout history, the Catholic Church started building again. It did not build spectacular-looking churches and schools but rather modest catechism halls to bring communities together. These were the places where the priests of the dioceses led by the bishop’s example and assuming all the persecutions, incessantly educated the school children to the love of God and of their brethren, and the children even more zealously attended the catechism classes, ignoring their teachers’ prohibitions. Keywords: Márton Áron, Diocese of Transylvania, confessional religious education, communism, nationalization of catholic schools, Catholic Church in Romania in 1948."

Abstract 3785: Red Wine Consumption Increases Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Improves Endothelial Function in Obese Type II Diabetics

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine L Seck ◽  
Jochen Mueller-Ehmsen ◽  
Gerhard Kreuter ◽  
Karl-Heinz Hauser ◽  
Daniela Braun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Red Wine ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Drinking Period ◽  
Wine Consumption ◽  
Cd34 Cells ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilatation ◽  
Artery Flow

Objective: Cardiovascular risk factors are associated with decreased levels of circulating progenitor cells (CPC). The aim of this study was to determine whether the moderate consumption of red wine leads to an increase of CPCs. Methods: CD34 positive and CD133/CD34 as well as CD117/CD34 double positive cells were measured by FACS analysis in peripheral blood of 15 obese patients suffering from type II diabetes with stable oral drug treatment (67.3 ± 2.3 years, BMI 32.3 ± 0.5 kg/ m 2 ) prior to and after a six week period of drinking two units (300 ml) of red wine (Lemberger Classic, Württemberg, Germany). The drinking period was anticipated by a four week fasting period, in which no alcohol consumption was allowed at all. In addition, brachial artery flow mediated dilatation was determined prior to and after the drinking period. Results: The six week drinking period had no effect on BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, blood glucose levels, HbA1c-values and liver enzymes. There was a non-significant drop in LDL cholesterol, but no change in HDL cholesterol. Concerning CPCs, the following alterations were observed: CD34+ cells increased from 171 ± 22 to 354 ± 28 per million leucocytes. Within the CD34+ cells, the percentage of CD133+ cells increased from 30.8 ± 5.7 % to 53.1 ± 3.3 %, and the percentage of CD117+ cells increased from 38.1 ± 5.8 % to 57.5 ± 4.6 % (p<0.05 for all parameters). Brachial artery flow mediated dilatation increased from 5.57 ± 0.74 % to 11.13 ± 1.34 % (p<0.05) in response to six weeks of red wine consumption. Nitroglycerin mediated brachial artery dilatation increased from 7.45 ± 1.09 % to 11.31 ± 1.09 % (p<0.05). Conclusion: In obese patients suffering from type II diabetes, moderate consumption of red wine leads to a significant improvement of circulating progenitor cell count and endothelial function. No adverse effects of wine consumption on metabolic and cardiovascular parameters were observed.

The Orientation of Locusts to a Lamp After Unilateral Injury

1970 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 447-454
Author(s):  
P. MAKINGS ◽  
C. A. HUSSAIN
Keyword(s):  
High Power ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Injured Side ◽  
The Face ◽  
Unilateral Injury

1. Injury to one side of the face, whether on the frons or an antennal patch, affects the orientation of adult locusts to a lamp. For the first 5 days after injury most of them turn the injured side towards the lamp. This tendency is lost or reversed after the fifth day. The change is most evident with a lamp of relatively high power (100 W.); with weaker lamps (60 or 40 W.) the differences are not statistically significant after five days. 2. This phenomenon explains the finding of previous authors that the injured side is usually turned away from a lamp. When the results of numerous tests are added together, those obtained more than 5 days after injury can swamp the earlier ones. 3. Suggested interpretations include the possibility that injury makes the damaged part ‘numb’ until type II neurones are formed in the healed area.

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