scholarly journals Voice Prosthesis Coated with Sustained Release Varnish Containing Clotrimazole Shows Long-Term Protection against Candida albicans: An In Vitro Study

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (17) ◽  
pp. 5395
Author(s):  
Ronit Vogt Sionov ◽  
Irith Gati ◽  
David Kirmayer ◽  
Michael Friedman ◽  
Doron Steinberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Sustained Release ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Voice Prosthesis ◽  
Major Health Problem

Fungal biofilm formation on voice prosthesis (VP) is a major health problem that requires repeated replacement of the prosthesis. Candida albicans is one of the pathogens that frequently inhabits the VP. We proposed that coating VPs with sustained-release varnish (SRV) containing clotrimazole (CTZ) might prevent fungal biofilm formation. The long-term antifungal activities of SRV-CTZ- versus SRV-placebo-coated VPs was tested daily by measuring the inhibition zone of C. albicans seeded on agar plates or by measuring the fungal viability of C. albicans in suspension. The extent of biofilm formation on coated VPs was analyzed by confocal microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. We observed that SRV-CTZ-coated VPs formed a significant bacterial inhibition zone around the VPs and prevented the growth of C. albicans in suspension during the entire testing period of 60 days. Fungal biofilms were formed on placebo-coated VPs, while no significant biofilms were observed on SRV-CTZ-coated VPs. HPLC analysis shows that CTZ is continuously released during the whole test period of 60 days at a concentration above the minimal fungistatic concentration. In conclusion, coating VPs with an SRV-CTZ film is a potential effective method for prevention of fungal infections and biofilm formation on VPs.

Antifungal Activity of Peppermint Oil against Candida Albicans Isolated from Urine Samples

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 4611-4615
Author(s):  
Noura Berakda ◽  
Abdulkarim Radwan
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Peppermint Oil

Fungal infections with candida species are an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Situation is further worsened by increasing resistance to antifungal drugs. In this study, we sought to investigate the antifungal activity of peppermint oil against candida albicans of urinary tract candidiasis in females from Syria. An in vitro study was carried out using the following Candida albicans strains involved in urinary tract candidiasis using well diffusion (WD) testing: Candida albicans (ATCC 90028) and 15 strains were compiled from Aleppo university Hospital. It was taken from women having urinary tract candidiasis. The antifungal activity of peppermint oil was determined in the form of inhibition zone using antifungal assay agar WD testing. In all experiments, the obtained results indicated that peppermint oil has inhibitory effects on Candida albicans (ATCC 90028) and some 15 strains. This study showed that peppermint oil was active against the tested Candida albicans strains. Peppermint oil was more effective against Candida albicans compared to fluconazole. Peppermint oil may have potential for use in the development of clinically useful antifungal preparations. Therefore, peppermint oil might be highly effective in the natural prevention treatment of urinary tract candidiasis.

scholarly journals Eap1p, an Adhesin That Mediates Candida albicans Biofilm Formation In Vitro and In Vivo

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 931-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Li ◽  
Michael J. Svarovsky ◽  
Amy J. Karlsson ◽  
Joel P. Wagner ◽  
Karen Marchillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Gene Dosage ◽  
Venous Catheter ◽  
Flow Chamber ◽  
Dependent Manner

ABSTRACT Candida albicans is the leading cause of systemic fungal infections in immunocompromised humans. The ability to form biofilms on surfaces in the host or on implanted medical devices enhances C. albicans virulence, leading to antimicrobial resistance and providing a reservoir for infection. Biofilm formation is a complex multicellular process consisting of cell adhesion, cell growth, morphogenic switching between yeast form and filamentous states, and quorum sensing. Here we describe the role of the C. albicans EAP1 gene, which encodes a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored, glucan-cross-linked cell wall protein, in adhesion and biofilm formation in vitro and in vivo. Deleting EAP1 reduced cell adhesion to polystyrene and epithelial cells in a gene dosage-dependent manner. Furthermore, EAP1 expression was required for C. albicans biofilm formation in an in vitro parallel plate flow chamber model and in an in vivo rat central venous catheter model. EAP1 expression was upregulated in biofilm-associated cells in vitro and in vivo. Our results illustrate an association between Eap1p-mediated adhesion and biofilm formation in vitro and in vivo.

In Vitro Antifungal Activity of Clove Oil against Candida Albicans Isolated from Clinical Samples

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 4021-4025
Author(s):  
Noura Berakdar ◽  
Abdulkarim Radwan
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Vaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Antifungal Antibiotics

The main goal of this study was to investigate the antifungal activity of clove oil against candida albicans of vaginal candidiasis in females from Syria. An in vitro study was carried out using the following Candida albicans strains involved in vaginal candidiasis using the well diffusion (WD) testing.Candida albicans (ATCC 90028) and 15 strains were compiled from Aleppo University Hospital. These strains were collected from women having vaginal candidiasis. The antifungal activity of clove oil was determined in the form of inhibition zone using antifungal assay by agar WD testing.In all experiments, the obtained results indicated that clove oil has inhibitory effects on Candida albicans (ATCC 90028) and against15 fungal strains. This study showed that clove oil was active against the tested Candida albicans strains. Clove oil was more effective against Candida albicans compared to the antifungal antibiotics nystatin, ketoconazole and itraconazol. Clove oil may have potential for use in the development of clinically useful antifungal preparations. Therefore, clove oil might be clinically effective in the natural prevention treatment of vaginal candidiasis.       

scholarly journals Uji daya hambat ekstrak daun mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.) terhadap pertumbuhan Candida albicans secara in vitro

e-GIGI ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia C. Simatupang ◽  
Jemmy Abidjulu ◽  
Krista V. Siagian
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Morinda Citrifolia ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Post Test

Abstract: Candida albicans is a normal flora of the mouth, respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract and the female genital but it becomes pathogen if there is a predisposing factor. Approximately 85-95% of oral candida infections are caused by C. albicans that is usually attached to the labial mucosa, buccal mucosa, the dorsal parts of the tongue and palate. Noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) is already known as a medical plant; one of it parts that has a medicinal effect is the leaf that contains anthraquinon as an antifungal. This study was aimed to determine the effect of noni leaf extract to the growth of C. albicans. This was a true experimental in vitro study with the post test only group design. The Kirby-Bauer method with filter paper was used to evaluate the sensitivity of C. albicans to mengkudu leaf extract. Leaves samples were extracted by using maceration process with ethanol 96%. C. albicans obtained from the pure stock of Laboratory of Microbiology Pharmacy Faculty of Math and Science, University of Sam Ratulangi. The results showed that the inhibition zone diameter of noni leaf extract on the growth of C. albicans was 16 mm (strong inhibition category). Conclusion: Noni leaf extract (Morinda citrifolia L.) had an inhibitory effect on Candida albicans.Keywords: Mengkudu leaf (Morinda citrifolia L.), Candida albicans, inhibition zone Abstrak: Candida albicans merupakan anggota flora normal rongga mulut, saluran pernafasan, saluran pencernaan, dan genital wanita namun dapat menjadi patogen jika terdapat faktor predisposisi. Sekitar 85-95% infeksi kandidiasis oral disebabkan oleh C albicans yang biasanya melekat pada mukosa labial, mukosa bukal, dorsum lidah dan palatum. Tanaman mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.) telah dikenal sebagai tumbuhan obat. Salah satu bagian tanaman mengkudu yang memiliki efek obat ialah daunnya karena adanya kandungan antrakuinon yang bersifat antijamur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek ekstrak daun mengkudu terhadap pertumbuhan C. albicans. Jenis penelitian ini ialah eksperimental laboratorik secara in vitro dengan post test only group design. Pengujian menggunakan metode Kirby-Bauer berbahan kertas saring. Sampel daun diekstraksi dengan proses maserasi menggunakan etanol 96%. Jamur C. albicans diambil dari stok biakan jamur murni Laboratorium Farmasi FMIPA Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan diameter zona hambat ekstrak daun mengkudu terhadap pertumbuhan C. albicans 16 mm yang tergolong kriteria zona hambat kuat. Simpulan: Ekstrak daun mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.) mempunyai daya hambat terhadap jamur Candida albicans.Kata kunci: daun mengkudu, Candida albicans, zona hambat

scholarly journals Antifungal effects of alantolactone on Candida albicans: an in vitro study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Liu ◽  
Lili Zhong ◽  
Zhiming Ma ◽  
Yujie Sui ◽  
Jia’nan Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Promising Candidate ◽  
Human Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Antifungal Effects

AbstractThe human fungal pathogen Candida albicans can cause many kinds of infections, including biofilm infections on medical devices, while the available antifungal drugs are limited to only a few. In this study, alantolactone (Ala) demonstrated antifungal activities against C. albicans, as well as other Candida species, with a MIC of 72 μg/mL. Ala could also inhibit the adhesion, yeast-to-hyphal transition, biofilm formation and development of C. albicans. The exopolysaccharide of biofilm matrix and extracellular phospholipase production could also be reduced by Ala treatment. Ala could increase permeability of C. albicans cell membrane and ROS contribute to the antifungal activity of Ala. Overall, the present study suggests that Ala may provide a promising candidate for developing antifungal drugs against C. albicans infections.

scholarly journals Effect of Commonly Prescribed Liquid Medications on Streptococcus mutans Biofilm. An in vitro study

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha A Clark ◽  
LaQuia A Vinson ◽  
George Eckert ◽  
Richard L Gregory
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Flat Bottom ◽  
Microtiter Plates ◽  
Oral Liquid ◽  
High Concentrations

Objective: This study addressed the effect of pediatric liquid antibiotic medications on Streptococcus mutans UA159. These suspensions commonly contain sugars such as sucrose to make them more palatable for children. The study was designed to evaluate the effects of oral liquid antibiotics on Streptococcus mutans growth and biofilm formation. Study Design: A 24 hour culture of S. mutans was treated with various concentrations of liquid medications commonly prescribed to children for odontogenic or fungal infections– amoxicillin, penicillin VK, clindamycin, and nystatin. The study was conducted in sterile 96-well flat bottom microtiter plates. The minimum inhibitory and biofilm inhibitory concentrations (MIC/MBIC) of S. mutans were determined for each medication. S. mutans was cultured with and without the test drugs, the amount of total growth measured, the biofilms washed, fixed, and stained with crystal violet. The absorbance was determined to evaluate biofilm formation. Results: Higher concentrations of amoxicillin, penicillin VK and clindamycin had decreased biofilm and overall growth than the control. The MICs were 1:2,560 (1.95 ug/ml), 1:2,560 (1.95 ug/ml) and 1:40 (9.375 ug/ml), while the MBIC were 1:640 (7.8 ug/ml), 1:1,280 (3.9 ug/ml) and 1:20 (18.75 ug/ml), respectively. Lower concentrations provided increased biofilm and overall growth. Nystatin induced significantly more biofilm and overall growth than the control at all concentrations. Conclusion: At high concentrations, approximately at the levels expected to be present in the oral cavity of children, amoxicillin, penicillin, and clindamycin inhibited S. mutans biofilm and overall growth due to their antibiotic activity, while at lower concentrations the three antibiotics demonstrated an increase in biofilm and growth. The increase in S. mutans biofilm and overall growth is most likely attributed to the sugar content in the medications. Nystatin provided an increase in biofilm and growth at each concentration tested.

scholarly journals BIOFILM FORMATION OF CANDIDA ALBICANS EXPOSED TO ETHANOL EXTRACT OF PROPOLIS

2019 ◽  
pp. 210-213
Author(s):  
ARIADNA ADISATTYA DJAIS ◽  
JEMMY . ◽  
NADHIFA PUTRI ◽  
ANDIN RAHMANIA PUTRI ◽  
RISQA RINA DARWITA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Clinical Strain ◽  
Propolis Extract ◽  
Microtiter Plates ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Student’S T

Objective: Propolis extract showed an excellent in vitro performance against yeast and was additionally found to be fungistatic and fungicidal. Propolisextract is also used for treatment and prevention of fungal infections. However, its effectiveness against Candida albicans biofilm formation requiresinvestigation. The study evaluated the ability of propolis to inhibit C. albicans while the fungus is growing as a biofilm in vitro.Methods: Two reference strains, C. albicans ATCC 25923 and a clinical strain (laboratory stock), were used in this study. For the biofilm experiment,the fungi were cultured in Tryptic Soy Broth medium with 1% sucrose and incubated at 37°C for 24 h, and different concentrations of ethanol extractof propolis were used as the inhibitor agents. Biofilm assays were performed in 96-well microtiter plates, quantification of the total biofilm biomasswas performed using a crystal violet staining method, and the Student’s t-test was chosen for statistical analyses.Results: Our data showed that 3 h incubation with propolis did not affect the biomass in the experimental group compared to the control. When theincubation time was extended to 18 h, the biomass increased significantly compared to the control.Conclusion: This study showed that several concentrations of propolis did not inhibit biofilm. However, in each incubation time, we observed nohyphal morphology in the biofilm mass. Propolis might attenuate the opportunistic virulence of fungus growing as a biofilm in vitro. Further studiesare necessary to confirm this phenomenon.

Second Prize: Sustained Release Varnish Containing Chlorhexidine for Prevention of Biofilm Formation on Urinary Catheter Surface: In Vitro Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nandakishore K. Shapur ◽  
Mordechai Duvdevani ◽  
Michael Friedman ◽  
Batya Zaks ◽  
Irit Gati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustained Release ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Urinary Catheter ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Catheter Surface

scholarly journals In Vitro Study on the Adhesion and Colonization of Candida Albicans on Metal and Acrylic Piercings

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
N. Stamenov ◽  
G. Tomov ◽  
Z. Denkova ◽  
I. Dobrev
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Metal Surface ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Electrostatic Forces ◽  
Plastic Surface ◽  
Scanning Electron

SummaryOral/perioral piercing may provide an ideal environment for adhesion and colonization of microorganisms. The aim of this study is to perform an “in vitro” research on the capabilities of adhesion of Candida albicans on oral piercings made of plastic and metal. Acrylic and metal piercings were incubated with Candida albicans and then were observed using scanning electron microscopy under different magnifications. A lot of irregularities and roughness were observed on the surface of the plastic piercing unlike the surface of the metal one, which is not so rough. Nevertheless, the number of Candida albicans colonies was considerably larger on the scanned metal surface in comparison to the plastic surface. In vitro the metal surface of the piercing creates better environment for the adhesion and colonization of microorganisms than the acrylic. This could be attributed to the electrostatic forces that most likely attract Candida albicans to the metal piercing in the early stages of biofilm formation.

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