Antimicrobial Properties of Lyophilized Extracts of Olive Fruit, Pomegranate and Orange Peel Extracts against Foodborne Pathogenic and Spoilage Bacteria and Fungi In Vitro and in Food Matrices

Several novel antimicrobials with different concentrations of olive, pomegranate, and orange fruit pulp extracts were produced from agricultural byproducts and, after lyophilization, their antimicrobial activity and potential synergistic effects were evaluated in vitro and in food samples against foodborne pathogenic and spoilage bacteria and fungi. The Minimum Inhibitory of the tested bacteria was 7.5% or 10%, while fungi were inhibited at a concentration of 10% or above. The optical density of bacterial and yeast cultures was reduced to a different extent with all tested antimicrobial powders, compared to a control without antimicrobials, and mycelium growth of fungi was also restricted with extracts containing at least 90% olive extract. In food samples with inoculated pathogens and spoilage bacteria and fungi, the 100% olive extract was most inhibitory against E. coli, S. typhimurium, and L. monocytogenes in fresh burger and cheese spread samples (by 0.6 to 1.8 log cfu/g), except that S. typhimurium was better inhibited by a 90% olive and 10% pomegranate extract in burgers. The latter extract was also the most effective in controlling the growth of inoculated fungi (Αspergillus niger, Penicillium italicum, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa) in both yogurt and tomato juice samples, where it reduced fungal growth by 1–2.2 log cfu/g at the end of storage period. The results demonstrate that these novel encapsulated extracts could serve as natural antimicrobials of wide spectrum, in order to replace synthetic preservatives in foods and cosmetics.

Download Full-text

Antimicrobial Activity of Curcumin in Nanoformulations: A Comprehensive Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22137130 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (13) ◽

pp. 7130

Author(s):

Jeffersson Krishan Trigo-Gutierrez ◽

Yuliana Vega-Chacón ◽

Amanda Brandão Soares ◽

Ewerton Garcia de Oliveira Mima

Keyword(s):

Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽

Graphene Quantum Dots ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Antimicrobial Effect ◽

Clinical Scenarios ◽

Low Cytotoxicity ◽

Bacteria And Fungi ◽

Drug Resistant Strains

Curcumin (CUR) is a natural substance extracted from turmeric that has antimicrobial properties. Due to its ability to absorb light in the blue spectrum, CUR is also used as a photosensitizer (PS) in antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT). However, CUR is hydrophobic, unstable in solutions, and has low bioavailability, which hinders its clinical use. To circumvent these drawbacks, drug delivery systems (DDSs) have been used. In this review, we summarize the DDSs used to carry CUR and their antimicrobial effect against viruses, bacteria, and fungi, including drug-resistant strains and emergent pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2. The reviewed DDSs include colloidal (micelles, liposomes, nanoemulsions, cyclodextrins, chitosan, and other polymeric nanoparticles), metallic, and mesoporous particles, as well as graphene, quantum dots, and hybrid nanosystems such as films and hydrogels. Free (non-encapsulated) CUR and CUR loaded in DDSs have a broad-spectrum antimicrobial action when used alone or as a PS in aPDT. They also show low cytotoxicity, in vivo biocompatibility, and improved wound healing. Although there are several in vitro and some in vivo investigations describing the nanotechnological aspects and the potential antimicrobial application of CUR-loaded DDSs, clinical trials are not reported and further studies should translate this evidence to the clinical scenarios of infections.

Download Full-text

Impact of the biofungicide tetramycin on the development of Fusarium head blight, grain yield and deoxynivalenol accumulation in wheat

World Mycotoxin Journal ◽

10.3920/wmj2019.2494 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 235-246

Author(s):

W.Q. Shi ◽

L.B. Xiang ◽

D.Z. Yu ◽

S.J. Gong ◽

L.J. Yang

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Head Blight ◽

Fusarium Graminearum ◽

Spore Germination ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Synergistic Effects ◽

Field Trials ◽

Head Blight ◽

Mycelium Growth ◽

Key Aspects

Fusarium graminearum causes Fusarium head blight (FHB), a devastating disease that leads to extensive yield and quality loss in wheat and barley production. Integrated pest management (IPM) is required to control this disease and biofungicides, such as tetramycin, could be a novel addition to IPM strategies. The current study investigated in vitro tetramycin toxicity in Fusarium graminearum and evaluated its effectiveness for the control of Fusarium head blight FHB. Tetramycin was shown to affect three key aspects of Fusarium pathogenicity: spore germination, mycelium growth and deoxynivalenol (DON) production. The in vitro results indicated that tetramycin had strong inhibitory activity on the mycelial growth and spore germination. Field trials indicated that tetramycin treatment resulted in a significant reduction in both the FHB disease index and the level of DON accumulation. The reduced DON content in harvested grain was correlated with the amount of Tri5 mRNA determined by qRT-PCR. Synergistic effects between tetramycin and metconazole, in both the in vitro and field experiments were found. Tetramycin could provide an alternative option to control FHB.

Download Full-text

A Survey of Enterobacteriaceae and Resistance of Greater Rhea (Rhea Americana) Eggs to Experimental Contamination by Salmonella Enteritidis

Avian Biology Research ◽

10.3184/175815617x14799886572904 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Renato Clini Cervi ◽

Maria Auxiliadora Andrade ◽

Cíntia Silva Minafra-Rezende ◽

Marcos Barcellos Café

Keyword(s):

Salmonella Enteritidis ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Bird Species ◽

Storage Period ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

Rhea Americana ◽

Greater Rhea ◽

Bacteria And Fungi ◽

Protective Structures

Eggs have protective structures against possible contamination by bacteria and fungi. Pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella spp. are therefore rarely found in adequate sanitary conditions. Few studies about the contamination of ratite eggs have been reported, and although some studies have focused on ostrich eggs, there is no information about Greater Rhea ( Rhea americana) eggs. The microorganisms that contaminate ratite eggs do not differ from those that affect other bird species. The purpose of this study was to characterise contamination in 16 eggs, supplied by a commercial breeding facility, by Enterobacteriaceae contamination and to assess the in vitro resistance to experimental contamination by Salmonella Enteritidis using analytical tests following the guidelines of the Georgia Poultry Laboratory. These elements are critical to the storage period, quality and physicochemical parameters. The results revealed the presence of the genera Proteus, Klebsiella, Citrobacter and Enterobacter related to the location of nests. Greater Rhea eggs were also found to be highly resistant to experimental infection by Salmonella Enteritidis.

Download Full-text

Σχεδιασμός, σύνθεση και μελέτη βιολογικής δράσης θειαζολικών παραγώγων

10.12681/eadd/39230 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Κωνσταντίνος Λιάρας

Keyword(s):

Wide Spectrum ◽

Paw Edema ◽

Thiazole Derivatives ◽

In Vivo Evaluation ◽

Design Synthesis ◽

Edema Model ◽

Bacteria And Fungi ◽

Cox 1

This thesis presents and discusses the design, synthesis and evaluation ofbiological activity of twenty-two (22) novel thiazole derivatives, twelve (12) of whichare chalcones, two (2) aminopyrimidines and eight (8), N-phenylpyrazolines.Prediction of biological activity spectra for all compounds was performed bythe program PASS.The aim was to design compounds that would combine antimicrobial and antiinflammatoryactivity, taking into account the wide spectrum of biological activitiesof thiazole derivatives, as well as, the interesting pharmacological properties ofchalcones, aminopyrimidines and N-phenylpyrazolines.The final compounds were identified by elemental analysis and spectroscopicmethods.Σheoritical calculations of several physicochemical parameters, includinglipophilicity, were performed for all final compounds.The evaluation of antimicrobial activity of the compounds against selected Gram(+) and Gram (-) bacteria and fungi was carried out in vitro using microdilution method.For a number of selected compounds, DNA gyrase inhibition assay was alsoperformed, in order to explain the possible mechanism of their antibacterial activity.The in vivo evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of compounds was carriedout by use of carrageenin induced mouse paw edema model, while selected compoundswere also tested in vitro for their ability to inhibit cycloxygenase (COX 1 and 2).

Download Full-text

Identification of Polyphenols from Coniferous Shoots as Natural Antioxidants and Antimicrobial Compounds

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25153527 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (15) ◽

pp. 3527 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Marcin Dziedzinski ◽

Joanna Kobus-Cisowska ◽

Daria Szymanowska ◽

Kinga Stuper-Szablewska ◽

Marlena Baranowska

Keyword(s):

Ferulic Acid ◽

Chlorogenic Acid ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Natural Antioxidants ◽

Hydroxybenzoic Acid ◽

Plant Metabolites ◽

Food Ingredient ◽

Reducing Ability ◽

Bacteria And Fungi

Currently, coniferous shoots are almost absent as a food ingredient despite their wide availability in many parts of the world. The aim of the study was to assess and compare the composition of selected plant metabolites, evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of selected shoots collected in 2019 from the arboretum in Zielonka (Poland), including individual samples from Picea abies L. (PA), Larix decidua Mill (LD), Pinus sylvestris L. (PS), Pseudotsuga menziesii (PM) and Juniperus communis L. (JC). The present work has shown that aqueous extracts obtained from tested shoots are a rich source of phenols such as caffeic acid, ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and many others. Obtained extracts exhibit antioxidant and antimicrobial properties in vitro. The highest sum of the studied phenolic compounds was found in the PA sample (13,947.80 µg/g dw), while the lowest in PS (6123.57 µg/g dw). The samples were particularly rich in ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid. The highest values regarding the Folin-Ciocâlteu reagent (FCR) and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) reducing ability tests, as well as the total flavonoid content assay, were obtained for the LD sample, although the LD (14.83 mg GAE/g dw) and PM (14.53 mg GAE/g dw) samples did not differ statistically in the FCR assay. With respect to free radical quenching measurements (DPPH), the PA (404.18-μM Trolox/g dw) and JC (384.30-μM Trolox/g dw) samples had the highest radical quenching ability and did not differ statistically. Generally, extracts obtained from PA and PS showed the highest antimicrobial activity against tested Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria and fungi.

Download Full-text

In vitro effectiveness of antimicrobial properties of propolis and chlorhexidine on oral pathogens: A comparative study

Biosis:Biological Systems ◽

10.37819/biosis.001.03.0062 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 116-125

Author(s):

Hadis Tavafi ◽

Maryam- sadat Sadrzadeh-Afshar ◽

Soroush Niroomand

Keyword(s):

Periodontal Disease ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Microdilution Method ◽

Broth Microdilution Method ◽

Microbial Strains ◽

Bacteria And Fungi ◽

Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽

Oral Conditions

Periodontal disease is one of the most prevalent infectious oral conditions in the present century, and it is necessary to conduct research to find a solution to overcome these diseases. A variety of microbial strains of bacteria and fungi are involved in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. The use of chemical agents such as mouthwashes is one of the strategies to control these diseases. The purpose of the present study was to compare the antimicrobial effects of propolis and chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) on the bacterial strains of Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the yeast strain of Candida albicans using the broth microdilution method. The results showed the inhibitory and microbicidal activities of the two substances against the tested microbial strains. The antibacterial and antifungal effects of CHX were more effective reported in this study than that of propolis against the studied pathogens. The results of this study also indicated that the propolis was less effective in inhibiting bacterial growth than the CHX. In addition, the combination of these two solutions had a synergistic effect on inhibition of other studied strains, with the exception of C. albicans and S. aureus. There is a need for further research on strains isolated from oral biofilm to achieve complementary results.

Download Full-text

Epilobi Hirsuti Herba Extracts Influence the In Vitro Activity of Common Antibiotics on Standard Bacteria

Open Chemistry ◽

10.1515/chem-2016-0004 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 65-75 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lucia Pirvu ◽

Isabela Nicorescu ◽

Cristina Hlevca ◽

Bujor Albu ◽

Valentin Nicorescu

Keyword(s):

Synergistic Effects ◽

Herbal Medicines ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

In Vitro Activity ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Gram Negative ◽

E Coli ◽

Effective Source

AbstractEpilobium genus has been confirmed as an effective source of natural antimicrobials. However, the influence of Epilobi hirsuti herba derived products on usual antibiotics activity has not been studied. In this study, several standardized Epilobi hirsuti herba extracts (EHE) were evaluated in order to asses their potential effects on usual antibiotics tested on standard Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains in vitro. The results emphasized that the bacterial strains ranged from sensitive (MIC values between 50–200 μg GAE mL-1) (S. epidermidis ATCC 12228) to very resistant (E. coli strains), E. faecalis ATCC 29212 being practically immune to EHE. In terms of synergistic interaction, Tetracycline and Ampicillin combinations lead to the most important stimulatory effects, the diameters of the inhibition zone being even 60% bigger compared to the antibiotic alone. Synergistic effects between myricetin(galloyl) derivates and Tetracycline were also revealed on P. aeruginosa and E. coli strains. Together, it clearly demonstrated not only EHE’s own antimicrobial properties, but also their capacity to influence the antimicrobial potency of some common antibiotics. These results could be useful for the area of herbal medicines and as potential candidates in managing microbial resistance, but also for physicians and pharmacists using combined antibacterial therapy.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of In Vitro Capsaicin Release and Antimicrobial Properties of Topical Pharmaceutical Formulation

Biomolecules ◽

10.3390/biom11030432 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 432

Author(s):

Enkelejda Goci ◽

Entela Haloci ◽

Antonio Di Stefano ◽

Annalisa Chiavaroli ◽

Paola Angelini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

In Vitro Release ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Plastic Behavior ◽

Release Studies ◽

Bacteria And Fungi ◽

Chili Peppers ◽

Vitro Release

(1) Background: Capsaicin is the main capsaicinoid of the Capsicum genus and it is responsible for the pungent taste. Medical uses of the fruits of chili peppers date from the ancient time until nowadays. Most of all, they are used topically as analgesic in anti-inflammatory diseases as rheumatism, arthritis and in diabetic neuropathy. Reports state that the Capsicum genus, among other plant genera, is a good source of antimicrobial and antifungal compounds. The aim of this study was the preparation of a pharmaceutical Carbopol-based formulation containing capsaicin and the evaluation of its in vitro release and antimicrobial and antifungal properties. (2) Methods: It was first stabilized with an extraction method from the Capsicum annuum fruits with 98% ethanol and then the identification and determination of Capsaicin in this extract was realized by HPLC. (3) Results and Conclusions: Rheological analyses revealed that the selected formulation exhibited a pseudo-plastic behavior. In vitro release studies of capsaicin from a Carbopol-based formulation reported that approximately 50% of capsaicin was release within 52 h. Additionally, the Carbopol-based formulation significantly increased the antimicrobial effects of capsaicin towards all tested bacteria and fungi strains.

Download Full-text

Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Evaluation of 6-Substituted-2-(Substituted-Phenyl)-Quinoline Derivatives Bearing 4-Amino-1,2,4-Triazole-3-Thiol Ring at C-4 Position

International Letters of Chemistry Physics and Astronomy ◽

10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.27.30 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 27 ◽

pp. 30-37

Author(s):

R.G. Vaghasiya ◽

H.B. Ghodasara ◽

P.R. Vachharajani ◽

Viresh H. Shah

Keyword(s):

Potassium Hydroxide ◽

Carbon Disulphide ◽

Wide Spectrum ◽

Research Work ◽

Biological Evaluation ◽

Therapeutic Agents ◽

Quinoline Derivatives ◽

Bacteria And Fungi ◽

Antimicrobial Assay

Quinoline derivatives represent one of the most active classes of compounds possesses wide spectrum biodynamic activities and use as potent therapeutic agents. In this research work, a synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of 6-substituted-2-(substituted-phenyl)-quinoline derivatives bearing 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol ring at C-4 position is described. The synthesis of quinoline derivatives is carried out by the reaction of substituted quinoline-4-carbohydrazides with a mixture of carbon disulphide and potassium hydroxide which further react with hydrazine hydrate to give final compounds. All of these compounds were screened for their in vitro antimicrobial assay against gram (+ve), gram (-ve) bacteria and fungi activity compared with standard drugs viz., Ampicilin, Chloramphenicol, Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin, Griseofulvin and Nystatin at different concentrations.

Download Full-text

Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Evaluation of some Newer 5-[6-Chloro/Fluor/Nitro-2-(p-Chloro/Fluoro/Methyl Phenyl)-Quinolin-4-yl]-1,3,4-Oxadiazole-2-Thiols

International Letters of Chemistry Physics and Astronomy ◽

10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.25.26 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 25 ◽

pp. 26-32

Author(s):

V.J. Faldu ◽

P.K. Talpara ◽

N.H. Bhuva ◽

P.R. Vachharajani ◽

Viresh H. Shah

Keyword(s):

Potassium Hydroxide ◽

Carbon Disulphide ◽

Wide Spectrum ◽

Research Work ◽

Biological Evaluation ◽

Therapeutic Agents ◽

Microbial Assay ◽

Bacteria And Fungi ◽

Methyl Phenyl

Recent study shows that quinolines represent one of the most active classes of compounds possesses wide spectrum biodynamic activities and use as potent therapeutic agents. In present research work, 5-[6-chloro/fluoro/nitro-2-(p-chloro/fluoro/methyl phenyl)-quinolin-4-yl]-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiols have been synthesized by condensation of substituted quinoline-4-carbohydrazides and mixture of carbon disulphide and potassium hydroxide. All of these compounds were screened for their in vitro anti microbial assay against gram (+ve), gram (-ve) bacteria and fungi activity compared with standard drugs viz., Ampicilin, Chloramphenicol, Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin, Griseofulvin and Nystatin at different concentrations.

Download Full-text