scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Curcumin in Nanoformulations: A Comprehensive Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 7130
Author(s):  
Jeffersson Krishan Trigo-Gutierrez ◽  
Yuliana Vega-Chacón ◽  
Amanda Brandão Soares ◽  
Ewerton Garcia de Oliveira Mima
Keyword(s):  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
Graphene Quantum Dots ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Clinical Scenarios ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

Curcumin (CUR) is a natural substance extracted from turmeric that has antimicrobial properties. Due to its ability to absorb light in the blue spectrum, CUR is also used as a photosensitizer (PS) in antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT). However, CUR is hydrophobic, unstable in solutions, and has low bioavailability, which hinders its clinical use. To circumvent these drawbacks, drug delivery systems (DDSs) have been used. In this review, we summarize the DDSs used to carry CUR and their antimicrobial effect against viruses, bacteria, and fungi, including drug-resistant strains and emergent pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2. The reviewed DDSs include colloidal (micelles, liposomes, nanoemulsions, cyclodextrins, chitosan, and other polymeric nanoparticles), metallic, and mesoporous particles, as well as graphene, quantum dots, and hybrid nanosystems such as films and hydrogels. Free (non-encapsulated) CUR and CUR loaded in DDSs have a broad-spectrum antimicrobial action when used alone or as a PS in aPDT. They also show low cytotoxicity, in vivo biocompatibility, and improved wound healing. Although there are several in vitro and some in vivo investigations describing the nanotechnological aspects and the potential antimicrobial application of CUR-loaded DDSs, clinical trials are not reported and further studies should translate this evidence to the clinical scenarios of infections.

scholarly journals In Vitro Antimicrobial Effect of Cetylpyridinium Chloride on Complex Multispecies Subgingival Biofilm

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stela Lima Farias de Miranda ◽  
Jennifer Toledo Damaceno ◽  
Marcelo Faveri ◽  
Luciene Cristina Figueiredo ◽  
Geisla Mary Silva Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Cetylpyridinium Chloride ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Biofilm Model

Abstract Periodontopathogenic subgingival biofilm is the main etiological agent of periodontitis. Thus, a search for antimicrobials as adjuvant for periodontal treatment in the literature is intense. Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) is a well-known antimicrobial agent commonly used in mouthrinses. However, CPC effects on a complex biofilm model were not found over the literature. Therefore, the aim of this manuscript is to evaluate 0.075% CPC antimicrobial properties in a multispecies subgingival biofilm model in vitro. The subgingival biofilm composed by 31 species related to periodontitis was formed for 7 days, using the calgary device. The treatments with CPC and chlorhexidine (CHX) 0.12% (as positive control) were performed 2x/day, for 1 min, from day 3 until the end of experimental period, totaling 8 treatments. After 7 days of biofilm formation, biofilm metabolic activity was evaluated by a colorimetric reaction and biofilms microbial composition by DNA-DNA hybridization. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA with data transformed via BOX-COX followed by Dunnett post-hoc. Both CPC and CHX reduced biofilm metabolic activity in 60% and presented antimicrobial activity against 13 different species. Specifically, only CHX reduced levels of F.n. vicentii and P. gingivalis while only CPC reduced A. odontolyticus and A. israelli. CPC was as effective as CHX as antimicrobial through in vitro complex multispecies subgingival biofilm. However, future studies using in vivo models of experimental periodontal disease should be performed to prove such effect.

scholarly journals Polymeric Nanoparticles Based on Tyrosine-Modified, Low Molecular Weight Polyethylenimines for siRNA Delivery

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewe ◽  
Noske ◽  
Karimov ◽  
Aigner
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
Sirna Delivery ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity ◽  
Tyrosine Modification

A major hurdle for exploring RNA interference (RNAi) in a therapeutic setting is still the issue of in vivo delivery of small RNA molecules (siRNAs). The chemical modification of polyethylenimines (PEIs) offers a particularly attractive avenue towards the development of more efficient non-viral delivery systems. Here, we explore tyrosine-modified polyethylenimines with low or very low molecular weight (P2Y, P5Y, P10Y) for siRNA delivery. In comparison to their respective parent PEI, they reveal considerably increased knockdown efficacies and very low cytotoxicity upon tyrosine modification, as determined in different reporter and wildtype cell lines. The delivery of siRNAs targeting the anti-apoptotic oncogene survivin or the serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1 (polo-like kinase 1; PLK-1) oncogene reveals strong inhibitory effects in vitro. In a therapeutic in vivo setting, profound anti-tumor effects in a prostate carcinoma xenograft mouse model are observed upon systemic application of complexes for survivin or PLK1 knockdown, in the absence of in vivo toxicity. We thus demonstrate the tyrosine-modification of (very) low molecular weight PEIs for generating efficient nanocarriers for siRNA delivery in vitro and in vivo, present data on their physicochemical and biological properties, and show their efficacy as siRNA therapeutic in vivo, in the absence of adverse effects.

scholarly journals The antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects of a copper-loaded zinc oxide phosphate cement

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 3899-3909
Author(s):  
Torsten Wassmann ◽  
Andrea Schubert ◽  
Felix Malinski ◽  
Martin Rosentritt ◽  
Sebastian Krohn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Marginal Gap ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Fixed Prosthodontics ◽  
Clinical Recommendation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity

Abstract Objectives Evidence about modifications of dental luting materials to minimize biological failure at the “marginal gap” between teeth and fixed prosthodontics is scarce. We compared a copper-modified (Co-ZOP) and a conventional zinc oxide phosphate cement (ZOP) in terms of antimicrobial and cytotoxic potentials in vitro and in vivo. Materials and methods Specimens of ZOP and Co-ZOP were characterized by the mean arithmetic roughness (Ra) and surface free energy (SFE). Powder components were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) showed elemental material compositions. In vitro microbial adhesion was shown using SEM, luminescence, and fluorescence assays. CCK-8 assays of mouse fibroblasts (L929) and human gingival fibroblasts (GF-1) were performed after 6, 24, and 48 h of specimen incubation. In vivo, ZOP and Co-ZOP specimens were applied intraorally for 12 h; biofilm accumulation was shown using SEM. Results Ra of ZOP and Co-ZOP showed no significant differences; SFE was significantly higher for Co-ZOP. EDX exhibited minor copper radiation for Co-ZOP, none for ZOP. In vitro fungal adhesion to Co-ZOP was significantly higher than to ZOP; in vitro streptococcal adhesion, cytotoxicity, and in vivo biofilm formation were not significantly different. Conclusions Co-ZOP showed low surface allocations of copper with no improved antimicrobial properties compared with conventional ZOP in vitro or in vivo. Clinical relevance Antimicrobial effects and low cytotoxicity of biomaterials are important for the clinical outcome. Based on our in vitro and in vivo results, no clinical recommendation can be given for the tested Co-ZOP.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Effect of Newly Formulated Toothpastes and a Mouthrinse on Specific Microorganisms: An In Vitro Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
pp. 172-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeliz Guven ◽  
Nilufer Ustun ◽  
Elif Bahar Tuna ◽  
Oya Aktoren
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Vitro Study

Abstract Objective The aim of this in vitro study was to assess the antimicrobial properties of newly formulated toothpastes (four toothpastes for adults and two toothpastes for kids/babies) and a mouthrinse. Materials and Methods Newly formulated six different toothpastes and one mouthrinse of a single brand and commercially available five toothpastes and three mouthrinse were investigated for their antimicrobial activity against two oral pathogens, Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans, by agar well diffusion assay. After incubation, the inhibition zone diameters were measured in millimeters and statistical analyses were performed. Results All experimental adult toothpastes exhibited good antimicrobial activity against S. mutans and C. albicans except the experimental toothpaste D. Experimental toothpaste B exhibited the highest antibacterial activity against C. albicans and S. mutans. Experimental toothpaste for kids showed the best antimicrobial activity against S. mutans when kids’ toothpastes were compared. None of the tested toothpastes for kids/babies showed antibacterial effects for C. albicans. Among the mouthrinse tested, Sensodyne mouthrinse showed the best results. Experimental mouthrinse showed significantly lower antibacterial activity against S. mutans then Sensodyne, Eludril, and chlorhexidine mouthrinse. Conclusion Although experimental toothpaste and mouthrinse formulations revealed good results in terms of antimicrobial activity to some specific microorganisms, further studies involving more bacterial species or analyzing the quality and efficacy of these products by other in vitro or in vivo tests are needed.

Antimicrobial peptides for the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis, allies or foes?

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 1138-1147
Author(s):  
Bruno Rivas-Santiago ◽  
Flor Torres-Juarez
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
World Health ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

Tuberculosis is an ancient disease that has become a serious public health issue in recent years, although increasing incidence has been controlled, deaths caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis have been accentuated due to the emerging of multi-drug resistant strains and the comorbidity with diabetes mellitus and HIV. This situation is threatening the goals of World Health Organization (WHO) to eradicate tuberculosis in 2035. WHO has called for the creation of new drugs as an alternative for the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis, among the plausible molecules that can be used are the Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs). These peptides have demonstrated remarkable efficacy to kill mycobacteria in vitro and in vivo in experimental models, nevertheless, these peptides not only have antimicrobial activity but also have a wide variety of functions such as angiogenesis, wound healing, immunomodulation and other well-described roles into the human physiology. Therapeutic strategies for tuberculosis using AMPs must be well thought prior to their clinical use; evaluating comorbidities, family history and risk factors to other diseases, since the wide function of AMPs, they could lead to collateral undesirable effects.

Associated microflora of medicinal ferns: biotechnological potentials and possible applications

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (03) ◽  
pp. 4927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shubhi Srivastava ◽  
Paul A. K.
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Plant associated microorganisms that colonize the upper and internal tissues of roots, stems, leaves and flowers of healthy plants without causing any visible harmful or negative effect on their host. Diversity of microbes have been extensively studied in a wide variety of vascular plants and shown to promote plant establishment, growth and development and impart resistance against pathogenic infections. Ferns and their associated microbes have also attracted the attention of the scientific communities as sources of novel bioactive secondary metabolites. The ferns and fern alleles, which are well adapted to diverse environmental conditions, produce various secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, steroids, alkaloids, phenols, triterpenoid compounds, variety of amino acids and fatty acids along with some unique metabolites as adaptive features and are traditionally used for human health and medicine. In this review attention has been focused to prepare a comprehensive account of ethnomedicinal properties of some common ferns and fern alleles. Association of bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere, phyllosphere and endosphere of these medicinally important ferns and their interaction with the host plant has been emphasized keeping in view their possible biotechnological potentials and applications. The processes of host-microbe interaction leading to establishment and colonization of endophytes are less-well characterized in comparison to rhizospheric and phyllospheric microflora. However, the endophytes are possessing same characteristics as rhizospheric and phyllospheric to stimulate the in vivo synthesis as well as in vitro production of secondary metabolites with a wide range of biological activities such as plant growth promotion by production of phytohormones, siderophores, fixation of nitrogen, and phosphate solubilization. Synthesis of pharmaceutically important products such as anticancer compounds, antioxidants, antimicrobials, antiviral substances and hydrolytic enzymes could be some of the promising areas of research and commercial exploitation.

scholarly journals Biocompatibility and Bone Formation of Flexible, Cotton Wool-like PLGA/Calcium Phosphate Nanocomposites in Sheep

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver D Schneider ◽  
Dirk Mohn ◽  
Roland Fuhrer ◽  
Karina Klein ◽  
Käthi Kämpf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Drill Hole ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Minimal Amount ◽  
Cotton Wool

Background: The purpose of this preliminary study was to assess the in vivo performance of synthetic, cotton wool-like nanocomposites consisting of a biodegradable poly(lactide-co-glycolide) fibrous matrix and containing either calcium phosphate nanoparticles (PLGA/CaP 60:40) or silver doped CaP nanoparticles (PLGA/Ag-CaP 60:40). Besides its extraordinary in vitro bioactivity the latter biomaterial (0.4 wt% total silver concentration) provides additional antimicrobial properties for treating bone defects exposed to microorganisms. Materials and Methods: Both flexible artificial bone substitutes were implanted into totally 16 epiphyseal and metaphyseal drill hole defects of long bone in sheep and followed for 8 weeks. Histological and histomorphological analyses were conducted to evaluate the biocompatibility and bone formation applying a score system. The influence of silver on the in vivo performance was further investigated. Results: Semi-quantitative evaluation of histology sections showed for both implant materials an excellent biocompatibility and bone healing with no resorption in the adjacent bone. No signs of inflammation were detectable, either macroscopically or microscopically, as was evident in 5 µm plastic sections by the minimal amount of inflammatory cells. The fibrous biomaterials enabled bone formation directly in the centre of the former defect. The area fraction of new bone formation as determined histomorphometrically after 8 weeks implantation was very similar with 20.5 ± 11.2 % and 22.5 ± 9.2 % for PLGA/CaP and PLGA/Ag-CaP, respectively. Conclusions: The cotton wool-like bone substitute material is easily applicable, biocompatible and might be beneficial in minimal invasive surgery for treating bone defects.

scholarly journals In Vitro and In Vivo Antimalarial Activities of a Carbohydrate Antibiotic, Prumycin, against Drug-resistant Strains of Plasmodia

2004 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 400-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
KAZUHIKO OTOGURO ◽  
AKI ISHIYAMA ◽  
MIYUKI KOBAYASHI ◽  
HITOMI SEKIGUCHI ◽  
TAKASHI IZUHARA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

In vitro synergistic interactions of oleanolic acid in combination with isoniazid, rifampicin or ethambutol against Mycobacterium tuberculosis

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 567-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fa Ge ◽  
Fanli Zeng ◽  
Siguo Liu ◽  
Na Guo ◽  
Haiqing Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Oleanolic Acid ◽  
Antimycobacterial Activity ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Synergistic Interactions ◽  
Combination Treatments ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

Reports have shown that oleanolic acid (OA), a triterpenoid, exists widely in food, medicinal herbs and other plants, and that it has antimycobacterial activity against the Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain H37Rv (ATCC 27294). In this study it was found that OA had antimycobacterial properties against eight clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis and that the MICs of OA against drug-sensitive and drug-resistant isolates were 50–100 and 100–200 μg ml−1, respectively. The combination of OA with isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RMP) or ethambutol (EMB) showed favourable synergistic antimycobacterial effects against six drug-resistant strains, with fractional inhibitory concentration indices of 0.121–0.347, 0.113–0.168 and 0.093–0.266, respectively. The combination treatments of OA/INH, OA/RMP and OA/EMB displayed either a synergistic interaction or did not show any interaction against two drug-sensitive strains. No antagonism resulting from the OA/INH, OA/RMP or OA/EMB combination was observed for any of the strains tested. OA exhibited a relatively low cytotoxicity in Vero cells. These results indicate that OA may serve as a promising lead compound for future antimycobacterial drug development.

scholarly journals Efficacy of natural formulations in bovine mastitis pathology: alternative solution to antibiotic treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Pașca ◽  
Liviu Alexandru Mărghitaș ◽  
Daniel Severus Dezmirean ◽  
Ioana Adriana Matei ◽  
Victorița Bonta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Dairy Product ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Standard Plate ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics

AbstractIntroductionBovine mastitis is an inflammatory disease of the udder that causes important economic losses in the animal breeding and dairy product industries. Nowadays, the conventional livestock antibiotic treatments are slowly being replaced by alternative treatments. In this context, the main aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of natural products in alternative treatment of bovine mastitis.Material and MethodsTwo natural formulations with previously suggested in vitro antimicrobial effect were tested in vivo on mastitic cows. Animals with a positive diagnosis for mastitis (n = 20) were divided into three treatment groups: two groups (n = 8) were administered formulations of propolis, alcoholic extracts of Brewers Gold and Perle hops, plum lichen, common mallow, marigold, absinthe wormwood, black poplar buds, lemon balm, and essential oils of oregano, lavender, and rosemary designated R4 and R7 (differing only in the latter being more concentrated) and one group (n = 4) a conventional antibiotic mixture. In vivo efficacy of treatments was evaluated by somatic cell and standard plate counts, the treatment being considered efficacious when both parameters were under the maximum limit.ResultsR7 was effective in the most cases, being therapeutically bactericidal in six out of eight cows, while R4 gave good results in three out of eight cows, and conventional antibiotics cured one out of four.ConclusionThese results suggest the possible therapeutic potential of these natural products in bovine mastitis.

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