scholarly journals Insights on the Inhibitory Power of Flavonoids on Tyrosinase Activity: A Survey from 2016 to 2021

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (24) ◽  
pp. 7546
Author(s):  
Heba A. S. El-Nashar ◽  
Mariam I. Gamal El-Din ◽  
Lucian Hritcu ◽  
Omayma A. Eldahshan
Keyword(s):  
Biological Properties ◽  
Skin Aging ◽  
Research Information ◽  
Natural Class ◽  
Oxidase Enzyme ◽  
Inhibitory Power ◽  
Skin Care Products

Tyrosinase is a multifunctional copper-containing oxidase enzyme that initiates melanin synthesis in humans. Excessive accumulation of melanin pigments or the overexpression of tyrosinase may result in skin-related disorders such as aging spots, wrinkles, melasma, freckles, lentigo, ephelides, nevus, browning and melanoma. Nature expresses itself through the plants as a source of phytochemicals with diverse biological properties. Among these bioactive compounds, flavonoids represent a huge natural class with different categories such as flavones, flavonols, isoflavones, flavan-3-ols, flavanones and chalcones that display antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitor activities with a diversity of mechanistic approaches. In this review, we explore the role of novel or known flavonoids isolated from different plant species and their participation as tyrosinase inhibitors reported in the last five years from 2016 to 2021. We also discuss the mechanistic approaches through the different studies carried out on these compounds, including in vitro, in vivo and in silico computational research. Information was obtained from Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct. We hope that the updated comprehensive data presented in this review will help researchers to develop new safe, efficacious, and effective drug or skin care products for the prevention of and/or protection against skin-aging disorders.

scholarly journals Dental Applications of Systems Based on Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles—An Evidence-Based Update

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 674
Author(s):  
Silvia Balhuc ◽  
Radu Campian ◽  
Anca Labunet ◽  
Marius Negucioiu ◽  
Smaranda Buduru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Materials ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Dental Applications ◽  
Oral Implantology

Hydroxyapatite is one of the most studied biomaterials in the medical and dental field, because of its biocompatibility; it is the main constituent of the mineral part of teeth and bones. In dental science, hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAnps) or nano-hydroxyapatite (nano-HA) have been studied, over the last decade, in terms of oral implantology and bone reconstruction, as well in restorative and preventive dentistry. Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles have significant remineralizing effects on initial enamel lesions, and they have also been used as an additive material in order to improve existing and widely used dental materials, mainly in preventive fields, but also in restorative and regenerative fields. This paper investigates the role of HAnps in dentistry, including recent advances in the field of its use, as well as their advantages of using it as a component in other dental materials, whether experimental or commercially available. Based on the literature, HAnps have outstanding physical, chemical, mechanical and biological properties that make them suitable for multiple interventions, in different domains of dental science. Further well-designed randomized controlled trials should be conducted in order to confirm all the achievements revealed by the in vitro or in vivo studies published until now.

scholarly journals Topical Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Isorhamnetin Glycosides Isolated fromOpuntia ficus-indica

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilena Antunes-Ricardo ◽  
Janet A. Gutiérrez-Uribe ◽  
Carlos Martínez-Vitela ◽  
Sergio O. Serna-Saldívar
Keyword(s):  
Biological Properties ◽  
Skin Aging ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Preparative Chromatography ◽  
No Production ◽  
Ear Edema ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Opuntia ficus-indica(OFI) has been widely used in Mexico as a food and for the treatment of different health disorders such as inflammation and skin aging. Its biological properties have been attributed to different phytochemicals such as the isorhamnetin glycosides which are the most abundant flavonoids. Moreover, these compounds are considered a chemotaxonomic characteristic of OFI species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of OFI extract and its isorhamnetin glycosides on different inflammatory markersin vitroandin vivo. OFI extract was obtained by alkaline hydrolysis of OFI cladodes powder and pure compounds were obtained by preparative chromatography. Nitric oxide (NO), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-)α, and interleukin- (IL-) 6 production were measured. NO production was tested in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells whilein vivostudies were carried on croton oil-induced ear edema model. OFI extract and diglycoside isorhamnetin-glucosyl-rhamnoside (IGR) at 125 ng/mL suppressed the NO productionin vitro(73.5 ± 4.8% and68.7±5.0%, resp.) without affecting cell viability. Likewise, IGR inhibited the ear edema (77.4±5.7%) equating the indomethacin effects (69.5±5.3%). Both IGR and OFI extract significantly inhibited the COX-2, TNF-α, and IL-6 production. IGR seems to be a suitable natural compound for development of new anti-inflammatory ingredient.

scholarly journals Withaferin A: From Ancient Remedy to Potential Drug Candidate

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (24) ◽  
pp. 7696
Author(s):  
Tahira Sultana ◽  
Mohammad K. Okla ◽  
Madiha Ahmed ◽  
Nosheen Akhtar ◽  
Abdulrahman Al-Hashimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Cancer Chemoprevention ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Withaferin A ◽  
Drug Candidate ◽  
Modern Drug ◽  
Effective Remedy

Withaferin A (WA) is a pivotal withanolide that has conquered a conspicuous place in research, owning to its multidimensional biological properties. It is an abundant constituent in Withania somnifera Dunal. (Ashwagandha, WS) that is one of the prehistoric pivotal remedies in Ayurveda. This article reviews the literature about the pharmacological profile of WA with special emphasis on its anticancer aspect. We reviewed research publications concerning WA through four databases and provided a descriptive analysis of literature without statistical or qualitative analysis. WA has been found as an effective remedy with multifaceted mechanisms and a broad spectrum of pharmacological profiles. It has anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiherpetic, antifibrotic, antiplatelet, profibrinolytic, immunosuppressive, antipigmentation, antileishmanial, and healing potentials. Evidence for wide pharmacological actions of WA has been established by both in vivo and in vitro studies. Further, the scientific literature accentuates the role of WA harboring a variable therapeutic spectrum for integrative cancer chemoprevention and cure. WA is a modern drug from traditional medicine that is necessary to be advanced to clinical trials for advocating its utility as a commercial drug.

scholarly journals Galactose-Induced Skin Aging: The Role of Oxidative Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Bauyrzhan Umbayev ◽  
Sholpan Askarova ◽  
Aigul Almabayeva ◽  
Timur Saliev ◽  
Abdul-Razak Masoud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Skin Aging ◽  
Covalent Attachment ◽  
Advanced Glycation ◽  
Glycation End Products

Skin aging has been associated with a higher dietary intake of carbohydrates, particularly glucose and galactose. In fact, the carbohydrates are capable of damaging the skin’s vital components through nonenzymatic glycation, the covalent attachment of sugar to a protein, and subsequent production of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). This review is focused on the role of D-galactose in the development of skin aging and its relation to oxidative stress. The interest in this problem was dictated by recent findings that used in vitro and in vivo models. The review highlights the recent advances in the underlying molecular mechanisms of D-galactose-mediated cell senescence and cytotoxicity. We have also proposed the possible impact of galactosemia on skin aging and its clinical relevance. The understanding of molecular mechanisms of skin aging mediated by D-galactose can help dermatologists optimize methods for prevention and treatment of skin senescence and aging-related skin diseases.

scholarly journals The role of miR-200b/c in balancing EMT and proliferation revealed by an activity reporter

Oncogene ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 2309-2322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paradesi Naidu Gollavilli ◽  
Beatrice Parma ◽  
Aarif Siddiqui ◽  
Hai Yang ◽  
Vignesh Ramesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial To Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Fluorescent Sensor ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Screening Platform ◽  
Differentiation And Proliferation

AbstractSince their discovery, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been widely studied in almost every aspect of biology and medicine, leading to the identification of important gene regulation circuits and cellular mechanisms. However, investigations are generally focused on the analysis of their downstream targets and biological functions in overexpression and knockdown approaches, while miRNAs endogenous levels and activity remain poorly understood. Here, we used the cellular plasticity-regulating process of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) as a model to show the efficacy of a fluorescent sensor to separate cells with distinct EMT signatures, based on miR-200b/c activity. The system was further combined with a CRISPR-Cas9 screening platform to unbiasedly identify miR-200b/c upstream regulating genes. The sensor allows to infer miRNAs fundamental biological properties, as profiling of sorted cells indicated miR-200b/c as a molecular switch between EMT differentiation and proliferation, and suggested a role for metabolic enzymes in miR-200/EMT regulation. Analysis of miRNAs endogenous levels and activity for in vitro and in vivo applications could lead to a better understanding of their biological role in physiology and disease.

The Role of Polyphenols in the Modulation of Plasma Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity (NEAC)

2012 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Serafini ◽  
Giuseppa Morabito
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidant ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant

Dietary polyphenols have been shown to scavenge free radicals, modulating cellular redox transcription factors in different in vitro and ex vivo models. Dietary intervention studies have shown that consumption of plant foods modulates plasma Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity (NEAC), a biomarker of the endogenous antioxidant network, in human subjects. However, the identification of the molecules responsible for this effect are yet to be obtained and evidences of an antioxidant in vivo action of polyphenols are conflicting. There is a clear discrepancy between polyphenols (PP) concentration in body fluids and the extent of increase of plasma NEAC. The low degree of absorption and the extensive metabolism of PP within the body have raised questions about their contribution to the endogenous antioxidant network. This work will discuss the role of polyphenols from galenic preparation, food extracts, and selected dietary sources as modulators of plasma NEAC in humans.

Anti-obesity role of Aster glehni extract: in vivo and in vitro effects

Planta Medica ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
HM Lee ◽  
TG Ahn ◽  
CW Kim ◽  
HJ An
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Effects

A Molecular Approach to Immunoscintigraphy: A Study of the T-Antigen Conformation on the Surface of Tumors

1987 ◽  
Vol 26 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Selvaraj ◽  
M. R. Suresh ◽  
G. McLean ◽  
D. Willans ◽  
C. Turner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Tumor Cell ◽  
T Antigen ◽  
Human Carcinomas ◽  
Animal Tumor ◽  
Synthetic Antigens

The role of glycoconjugates in tumor cell differentiation has been well documented. We have examined the expression of the two anomers of the Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen on the surface of human, canine and murine tumor cell membranes both in vitro and in vivo. This has been accomplished through the synthesis of the disaccharide terminal residues in both a and ß configuration. Both entities were used to generate murine monoclonal antibodies which recognized the carbohydrate determinants. The determination of fine specificities of these antibodies was effected by means of cellular uptake, immunohistopathology and immunoscintigraphy. Examination of pathological specimens of human and canine tumor tissue indicated that the expressed antigen was in the β configuration. More than 89% of all human carcinomas tested expressed the antigen in the above anomeric form. The combination of synthetic antigens and monoclonal antibodies raised specifically against them provide us with invaluable tools for the study of tumor marker expression in humans and their respective animal tumor models.

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