Chitosan Nanoparticle-Based System: A New Insight into the Promising Controlled Release System for Lung Cancer Treatment

Lung cancer has been recognized as one of the most often diagnosed and perhaps most lethal cancer diseases worldwide. Conventional chemotherapy for lung cancer-related diseases has bumped into various limitations and challenges, including non-targeted drug delivery, short drug retention period, low therapeutic efficacy, and multidrug resistance (MDR). Chitosan (CS), a natural polymer derived from deacetylation of chitin, and comprised of arbitrarily distributed β-(1-4)-linked d-glucosamine (deacetylated unit) and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (acetylated unit) that exhibits magnificent characteristics, including being mucoadhesive, biodegradable, and biocompatible, has emerged as an essential element for the development of a nano-particulate delivery vehicle. Additionally, the flexibility of CS structure due to the free protonable amino groups in the CS backbone has made it easy for the modification and functionalization of CS to be developed into a nanoparticle system with high adaptability in lung cancer treatment. In this review, the current state of chitosan nanoparticle (CNP) systems, including the advantages, challenges, and opportunities, will be discussed, followed by drug release mechanisms and mathematical kinetic models. Subsequently, various modification routes of CNP for improved and enhanced therapeutic efficacy, as well as other restrictions of conventional drug administration for lung cancer treatment, are covered.

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The Chinese Thoracic Oncology Group (CTONG) therapeutic option scoring system: a multiple-parameter framework to assess the value of lung cancer treatment options

Translational Lung Cancer Research ◽

10.21037/tlcr-21-388 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 3594-3607

Author(s):

Jiu-Wei Cui ◽

◽

Qing Zhou ◽

Shun Lu ◽

Ying Cheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Cancer Treatment ◽

Scoring System ◽

Therapeutic Option ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Oncology Group ◽

Lung Cancer Treatment ◽

System A ◽

Multiple Parameter

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Design of Lamivudine Loaded Nanoparticles for Oral Application by Nano Spray Drying Method: A New Approach to use an Antiretroviral Drug for Lung Cancer Treatment

Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening ◽

10.2174/1386207323666200325155020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (10) ◽

pp. 1064-1079

Author(s):

Ahmet Alper Öztürk ◽

İrem Namlı ◽

Kadri Güleç ◽

Şennur Görgülü

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Cancer Treatment ◽

Anticancer Activity ◽

Cell Line ◽

Anticancer Drugs ◽

Release Kinetics ◽

Prolonged Release ◽

Lung Cancer Treatment ◽

Anticancer Properties ◽

Ft Ir

Aims: To prepare lamivudine (LAM)-loaded-nanoparticles (NPs) that can be used in lung cancer treatment. To change the antiviral indication of LAM to anticancer. Background: The development of anticancer drugs is a difficult process. One approach to accelerate the availability of drugs is to reclassify drugs approved for other conditions as anticancer. The most common route of administration of anticancer drugs is intravenous injection. Oral administration of anticancer drugs may considerably change current treatment modalities of chemotherapy and improve the life quality of cancer patients. There is also a potentially significant economic advantage. Objective: To characterize the LAM-loaded-NPs and examine the anticancer activity. Methods: LAM-loaded-NPs were prepared using Nano Spray-Dryer. Properties of NPs were elucidated by particle size (PS), polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (ZP), SEM, encapsulation efficiency (EE%), dissolution, release kinetics, DSC and FT-IR. Then, the anticancer activity of all NPs was examined. Results: The PS values of the LAM-loaded-NPs were between 373 and 486 nm. All NPs prepared have spherical structure and positive ZP. EE% was in a range of 61-79%. NPs showed prolonged release and the release kinetics fitted to the Weibull model. NPs structures were clarified by DSC and FT-IR analysis. The results showed that the properties of NPs were directly related to the drug:polymer ratio of feed solution. NPs have potential anticancer properties against A549 cell line at low concentrations and non-toxic to CCD 19-Lu cell line. Conclusion: NPs have potential anticancer properties against human lung adenocarcinoma cells and may induce cell death effectively and be a potent modality to treat this type of cancer. These experiments also indicate that our formulations are non-toxic to normal cells. It is clear that this study would bring a new perspective to cancer therapy.

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Potential of Thai Herbal Extracts on Lung Cancer Treatment by Inducing Apoptosis and Synergizing Chemotherapy

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25010231 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 231 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Juthathip Poofery ◽

Patompong Khaw-on ◽

Subhawat Subhawa ◽

Bungorn Sripanidkulchai ◽

Apichat Tantraworasin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Cancer Treatment ◽

Apoptotic Cell ◽

Primary Lung Cancer ◽

A549 Cells ◽

Cancer Cell Line ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Lung Cancer Cell Line ◽

Lung Cancer Treatment

The incidence of lung cancer has increased while the mortality rate has continued to remain high. Effective treatment of this disease is the key to survival. Therefore, this study is a necessity in continuing research into new effective treatments. In this study we determined the effects of three different Thai herbs on lung cancer. Bridelia ovata, Croton oblongifolius, and Erythrophleum succirubrum were extracted by ethyl acetate and 50% ethanol. The cytotoxicity was tested with A549 lung cancer cell line. We found four effective extracts that exhibited toxic effects on A549 cells. These extracts included ethyl acetate extracts of B. ovata (BEA), C. oblongifolius (CEA), and E. succirubrum (EEA), and an ethanolic extract of E. succirubrum (EE). Moreover, these effective extracts were tested in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs. An effective synergism of these treatments was found specifically through a combination of BEA with methotrexate, EE with methotrexate, and EE with etoposide. Apoptotic cell death was induced in A549 cells by these effective extracts via the mitochondria-mediated pathway. Additionally, we established primary lung cancer and normal epithelial cells from lung tissue of lung cancer patients. The cytotoxicity results showed that EE had significant potential to be used for lung cancer treatment. In conclusion, the four effective extracts possessed anticancer effects on lung cancer. The most effective extract was found to be E. succirubrum (EE).

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Line of therapy and patient preferences regarding lung cancer treatment: a discrete-choice experiment

Current Medical Research and Opinion ◽

10.1080/03007995.2021.1888707 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 37 (4) ◽

pp. 643-653

Author(s):

Sarah Janse ◽

Ellen Janssen ◽

Tanya Huwig ◽

Upal Basu Roy ◽

Andrea Ferris ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Cancer Treatment ◽

Discrete Choice Experiment ◽

Discrete Choice ◽

Patient Preferences ◽

Choice Experiment ◽

Lung Cancer Treatment ◽

Line Of Therapy

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Aerosolized Niosome Formulation Containing Gemcitabine and Cisplatin for Lung Cancer Treatment: Optimization, Characterization and In Vitro Evaluation

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics13010059 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 59

Author(s):

Norfatin Izzatie Mohamad Saimi ◽

Norazlinaliza Salim ◽

Noraini Ahmad ◽

Emilia Abdulmalek ◽

Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul Rahman

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Cancer Treatment ◽

Normal Lung ◽

Alternative Formulation ◽

Treatment Optimization ◽

Lung Cancer Treatment ◽

Diffusion Technique ◽

Dialysis Bag ◽

Cytotoxicity Effects

Gemcitabine (Gem) and cisplatin (Cis) are currently being used for lung cancer treatment, but they are highly toxic in high dosages. This research aimed to develop a niosome formulation containing a low-dosage Gem and Cis (NGC), as an alternative formulation for lung cancer treatment. NGC was prepared using a very simple heating method and was further optimized by D-optimal mixture design. The optimum NGC formulation with particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential of 166.45 nm, 0.16, and −15.28 mV, respectively, was obtained and remained stable at 27 °C with no phase separation for up to 90 days. The aerosol output was 96.22%, which indicates its suitability as aerosolized formulation. An in vitro drug release study using the dialysis bag diffusion technique showed controlled release for both drugs up to 24 h penetration. A cytotoxicity study against normal lung (MRC5) and lung cancer (A549) cell lines was investigated. The results showed that the optimized NGC had reduced cytotoxicity effects against both MRC5 and A549 when compared with the control (Gem + Cis alone) from very toxic (IC50 < 1.56 µg/mL) to weakly toxic (IC50 280.00 µg/mL) and moderately toxic (IC50 = 46.00 µg/mL), respectively, after 72 h of treatment. These findings revealed that the optimized NGC has excellent potential and is a promising prospect in aerosolized delivery systems to treat lung cancer that warrants further investigation.

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2D Nanomaterial, Ti3C2 MXene-Based Sensor to Guide Lung Cancer Therapy and Management

Biosensors ◽

10.3390/bios11020040 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 40

Author(s):

Mahek Sadiq ◽

Lizhi Pang ◽

Michael Johnson ◽

Venkatachalem Sathish ◽

Qifeng Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Cancer Treatment ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Small Cell ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

High Signal ◽

Research Attention ◽

Lung Cancer Treatment ◽

Anti Cancer ◽

Cox 2

Major advances in cancer control can be greatly aided by early diagnosis and effective treatment in its pre-invasive state. Lung cancer (small cell and non-small cell) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths among both men and women around the world. A lot of research attention has been directed toward diagnosing and treating lung cancer. A common method of lung cancer treatment is based on COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2) inhibitors. This is because COX-2 is commonly overexpressed in lung cancer and also the abundance of its enzymatic product prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Instead of using traditional COX-2 inhibitors to treat lung cancer, here, we introduce a new anti-cancer strategy recently developed for lung cancer treatment. It adopts more abundant omega-6 (ω-6) fatty acids such as dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) in the daily diet and the commonly high levels of COX-2 expressed in lung cancer to promote the formation of 8-hydroxyoctanoic acid (8-HOA) through a new delta-5-desaturase (D5Di) inhibitor. The D5Di does not only limit the metabolic product, PGE2, but also promote the COX-2 catalyzed DGLA peroxidation to form 8-HOA, a novel anti-cancer free radical byproduct. Therefore, the measurement of the PGE2 and 8-HOA levels in cancer cells can be an effective method to treat lung cancer by providing in-time guidance. In this paper, we mainly report on a novel sensor, which is based on a newly developed functionalized nanomaterial, 2-dimensional nanosheets, or Ti3C2 MXene. The preliminary results have proven to sensitively, selectively, precisely, and effectively detect PGE2 and 8-HOA in A549 lung cancer cells. The capability of the sensor to detect trace level 8-HOA in A549 has been verified in comparison with the traditional gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) method. The sensing principle could be due to the unique structure and material property of Ti3C2 MXene: a multilayered structure and extremely large surface area, metallic conductivity, and ease and versatility in surface modification. All these make the Ti3C2 MXene-based sensor selectively adsorb 8-HOA molecules through effective charge transfer and lead to a measurable change in the conductivity of the material with a high signal-to-noise ratio and excellent sensitivity.

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