scholarly journals Nanofiltration for Arsenic Removal: Challenges, Recent Developments, and Perspectives

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1323 ◽  
Author(s):  
TA Siddique ◽  
Naba K. Dutta ◽  
Namita Roy Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Inorganic Arsenic ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Polymer Nanocomposite ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Current Status ◽  
The Status

Arsenic (As) removal is of major significance because inorganic arsenic is highly toxic to all life forms, is a confirmed carcinogen, and is of significant environmental concern. As contamination in drinking water alone threatens more than 150 million people all over the world. Therefore, several conventional methods such as oxidation, coagulation, adsorption, etc., have been implemented for As removal, but due to their cost-maintenance limitations; there is a drive for advanced, low cost nanofiltration membrane-based technology. Thus, in order to address the increasing demand of fresh and drinking water, this review focuses on advanced nanofiltration (NF) strategy for As removal to safeguard water security. The review concentrates on different types of NF membranes, membrane fabrication processes, and their mechanism and efficiency of performance for removing As from contaminated water. The article provides an overview of the current status of polymer-, polymer composite-, and polymer nanocomposite-based NF membranes, to assess the status of nanomaterial-facilitated NF membranes and to incite progress in this area. Finally, future perspectives and future trends are highlighted.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic Impacts of LCD-Treated Drinking Water Distribution in an Urban Community of the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1323
Author(s):  
Shrestha ◽  
Kamei ◽  
Shrestha ◽  
Aihara ◽  
Bhattarai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Control Site ◽  
Socioeconomic Impact ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Socioeconomic Impacts ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Treated Drinking Water

Groundwater available in the Kathmandu Valley is not suitable for drinking due to chemical and microbial contamination. We installed a treatment system, which was made with locally available materials and was low-cost, and supplied drinking water to the intervention site where groundwater contains high amounts of ammonia, iron, and turbidity. This research aims to evaluate the socioeconomic impact of treated water distribution. One hundred households were randomly selected and asked to use treated water for drinking, and another 100 households in the nearby community were taken randomly as a control. We conducted questionnaire surveys with the enrolled households before and five months after starting water distribution to assess the water use patterns and quality perceptions. The socioeconomic impact of the intervention was evaluated by a prepost comparison and by the difference-in-difference method. The intervention significantly enhanced most of the parameters of water quality perception, reduced the in-house water treatment, and improved the perceived water stress and quality of life. For the control site, these parameters generally became worse in the post-survey, which suggests that the survey might have affected people’s mindset regarding water security. The system is an option for sustainable management of drinking water in the water-scarce, hard-hit areas in the developing countries.

Arsenic removal using novel combined Fe/Mn adsorbent modified with silica

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1109-1115
Author(s):  
Duc Canh Nguyen ◽  
Hyun Ju Park ◽  
Seok Dockko ◽  
Moo Young Han
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Precipitation Process ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Oxide Material ◽  
Co Precipitation

Arsenic pollution has become a dominant environmental concern in recent years. Various techniques for arsenic removal from water have been developed. However, these techniques efficiently remove arsenic from drinking water but require toxic and expensive chemicals and generate a large amount of exhaust sludge, which is not always regenerable. In this study a novel Fe-Mn-Si oxide material was prepared from environmentally friendly and low-cost materials through a co-precipitation process. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to study adsorption kinetics, adsorption capacity and the effect of temperature and pH on the adsorption of arsenic on Fe-Mn-Si oxide. The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 9.62, 10.18, and 10.50 mg/g at 25, 35, and 45 °C, respectively. The results compare favorably with those obtained using other adsorbents. The used Fe-Mn-Si oxide could be regenerated using a NaOH solution; 73.4% of the adsorbed arsenic was desorbed by 0.2 N NaOH. Results from this study demonstrate the potential usability of Fe-Mn-Si oxide as a good arsenic-selective adsorbent.

scholarly journals Removal of Arsenic -¨A Silent Killer¨ in the Environment by Adsorption Methods

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashok Kumar ◽  
Kaman Singh ◽  
Utkarsh Dixit ◽  
Rayees Ahmad Bhat ◽  
Satya Prakash Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Aqueous System ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Organic Salts ◽  
Abnormal Growth ◽  
Removal Technologies ◽  
Public Water Systems ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Removal Of Arsenic

Water is one of the most essential requirements for living being to survive because 70–80% of the mass of most living bodies consists of water and various mineral and organic salts . Water is also most important component of our environment. Large amount of water is used in various industries or commercial level or domestic level and finally effluent water is loaded with large amount of pollutants such as organic chemicals (surfactants, dyes, phenols etc.), inorganic hazardous heavy metals (As in present case) microbes (bacteria, fungi etc.) pollutants particulate etc. Arsenic is a natural metalloid chemical that may be present in groundwater and surface water gets polluted, hence, aquatic life of plants and animals is disturbed and cause abnormal growth and various diseases, hence, short term or long term changes occurs in ecosystem. Hence, treatment of wastewater is essentially required before discharge effluent wastewater into ponds or lagoons, drains and rivers. Arsenic is one such element that contaminates the environment as reported in several countries. The largest population at risk is in Bangladesh followed by India (West Bengal). Arsenic is familiar as silent killer because dissolved in water, it is colorless, odorless, and tasteless, yet consumption of relatively small doses of this element in its most toxic forms can cause rapid and violent death. It is a human carcinogen in water over a wide range of pH values, having harmful effects on both human health and environment, even at low concentration. Because of this effect, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) set the arsenic standard for drinking water at .010 ppm to protect consumers served by public water systems. Ingestion only poses health problems if a dangerous amount of arsenic enters the body. Then, it can lead to cancer, liver disease, coma, and death. There is no effective treatment for arsenic toxicity. Only the removal of arsenic from aqueous system can prevent the toxicity. A great deal of research over recent decades has been done to lower the concentration of arsenic in drinking water and still there is a need to develop ecofriendly techniques. Existing major arsenic removal technologies include oxidation, adsorption, precipitation, coagulation and membrane separation. This book chapter presents a systematic description of current status of research in the area of arsenic removal from contaminated water and comparison of all technologies available with more emphasis on adsorption.

scholarly journals Do low-cost ceramic water filters improve water security in rural South Africa?

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Lange ◽  
Tineke Materne ◽  
Jörg Grüner
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Water Source ◽  
High Water ◽  
Repeated Loading ◽  
Negative Effects

Abstract. This study examines the performance of a low-cost ceramic candle filter system (CCFS) for point of use (POU) drinking water treatment in the village of Hobeni, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. A stepwise laboratory test documented the negative effects of repeated loading and ambient field temperatures. Moreover, CCFS were distributed in Hobeni and a survey was carried out among their users. The performance of 51 CCFS was evaluated by dip slides and related to human factors. Already after two thirds of their specified lifetime, none of the distributed CCFS produced water without distinct contamination and more than one third even deteriorated hygienic water quality. Besides the water source (springs were preferable compared to river or rain water), a high water throughput was the dominant reason for poor CCFS performance. These findings suggest that not every CCFS type per se guarantees improved drinking water security and that the efficiency of low-cost systems should continuously be monitored. For this purpose, dip slides were found to be a cost-efficient alternative to standard laboratory tests. They consistently underestimated microbial counts but can be used by laypersons and hence by the users themselves to assess critical contamination of their filter systems.

scholarly journals Pattern analysis of risk situations using multi-sensor

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.12) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Chang Bae Noh ◽  
Miyang Cha
Keyword(s):  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Human Resources Management ◽  
Current Status ◽  
High Tech ◽  
The Status

Background/Objectives: Existing crime prevention systems manually monitor risk situations using street lights, CCTVs, and security equipment. Since there are many areas where the workforce is held responsible, it is difficult to closely manage all systems due to work overload.Methods/Statistical analysis: The data of maps constructed and continuously updated through the system will allow more accurate predictions of crime and contribute to crime prevention strategies. Furthermore, replacing existing patrol manpower to unmanned drones will allow for more efficient human resources management as well as contribute to the crime prevention infrastructure, thereby minimizing the existence of blind spots in the current system.Findings: It is not easy to diffuse the initial situation in the case of an emergency through prompt notifications. Therefore, a low-cost, integrated management system is needed to prevent major accidents and to minimize damage by detecting crime and fire risks in the early stage. It will be easier to judge risks if we use the multi-sensor and pattern analysis algorithms proposed in this study. Occurrences of crime and fire have been rapidly rising with the quick pace of industrialization. This has resulted in an increase of unease among citizens as well as a rising demand for security and safety in residential environments. As the times change, it is necessary to develop advanced science technology that can predict crimes in order to construct crime preventing environments. The Risk Notification Service can promptly respond to the current status and situation of the user by forwarding the status to the administrator or guardian. Police activity can be strengthened by building a high-tech science and security system to monitor areas susceptible to crime in real-time.Improvements/Applications: This study looks into problems of the existing monitoring system and proposes an integrated control system for crime prevention. Keywords:Background/Objectives: Existing crime prevention systems manually monitor risk situations using street lights, CCTVs, and security equipment. Since there are many areas where the workforce is held responsible, it is difficult to closely manage all systems due to work overload.Methods/Statistical analysis: The data of maps constructed and continuously updated through the system will allow more accurate predictions of crime and contribute to crime prevention strategies. Furthermore, replacing existing patrol manpower to unmanned drones will allow for more efficient human resources management as well as contribute to the crime prevention infrastructure, thereby minimizing the existence of blind spots in the current system.Findings: It is not easy to diffuse the initial situation in the case of an emergency through prompt notifications. Therefore, a low-cost, integrated management system is needed to prevent major accidents and to minimize damage by detecting crime and fire risks in the early stage. It will be easier to judge risks if we use the multi-sensor and pattern analysis algorithms proposed in this study. Occurrences of crime and fire have been rapidly rising with the quick pace of industrialization. This has resulted in an increase of unease among citizens as well as a rising demand for security and safety in residential environments. As the times change, it is necessary to develop advanced science technology that can predict crimes in order to construct crime preventing environments. The Risk Notification Service can promptly respond to the current status and situation of the user by forwarding the status to the administrator or guardian. Police activity can be strengthened by building a high-tech science and security system to monitor areas susceptible to crime in real-time.Improvements/Applications: This study looks into problems of the existing monitoring system and proposes an integrated control system for crime prevention.  

Research Progress on Biological Removal of Arsenic Technology

2012 ◽  
Vol 253-255 ◽  
pp. 1040-1043
Author(s):  
Xing Sheng Kang ◽  
Qiang Su ◽  
Jun Shen ◽  
Yi Li
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Biological Removal ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Removal Technology ◽  
Removal Of Arsenic

Arsenic is a toxic element, which is harmful to environment and human health. How to treat arsenic polluted water has become a global environmental concern. Current biological arsenic removal technology was researched base on plants, microorganisms and so on. Biological removal of arsenic technology has high efficiency, low cost, and low secondary pollution, which will be the most promising technology.

Low-cost solar technologies for arsenic removal in drinking water

2010 ◽  
pp. 209-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
María de Boggio ◽  
Iivana Levy ◽  
Miguel Mateu ◽  
Jorge Meichtry ◽  
Silvia Farías ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Low Cost

Status of Silicon Nitride Material Properties, Component Fabrication, and Applications for Small Gas Turbines

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle D. Newson ◽  
John P. Pollinger ◽  
Douglas J. Twait
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Silicon Nitride ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Solid Freeform Fabrication ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
The Status

Extensive progress has been made in the development of high performance silicon nitride structural ceramics and component fabrication. This has in turn led to a number of successful applications in small turbines, including commercial aircraft production components and a number of successful tests and continuing field tests in aircraft auxiliary power units, air turbine starters, and stationary power generation engines. The current status, capabilities, limitations, and material refinement efforts for silicon nitride at AlliedSignal Ceramic Components (ASCC) will be presented, including environmental durability and environmental barrier coating investigations. Two key issues in the implementation of silicon nitride turbine components have been the ability to fabricate engine quality hardware, and fabrication at low-enough costs to allow commercialization. The current status of production forming processes will be presented and the development of new low cost forming and advanced technologies including gelcasting and solid freeform fabrication will be discussed, both in regards to component fabrication capability and production cost potential. Finally, the status of a number of commercial and development applications such as propulsion turbine engine seals, APU hot section wheels, blades, and nozzles, industrial turbine nozzles, and power generation microturbine components will be discussed.

scholarly journals Arsenic removal from drinking water using low-pressure nanofiltration under various operating conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Harfoush ◽  
S. A. Mirbagheri ◽  
M. Ehteshami ◽  
S. Nejati
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Inorganic Arsenic ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Arsenite Removal

Abstract Currently, one of the main environmental concerns is the toxicity caused by arsenic. Arsenic-polluted water can cause many human health problems including various cancerous diseases. In natural water, inorganic arsenic can be found in the forms of arsenite and arsenate, which have been found in several Iranian provinces – e.g., East Azerbaijan, Kurdistan, and the city of Bijar – in high concentrations. Modern nanofiltration (NF) technology enables a wide range of water resource pollutants to be controlled efficiently. In this study, in an attempt to enhance arsenic removal (both arsenite and arsenate) from drinking water using low pressure NF, operating conditions like arsenic concentration, the trans-membrane pressure applied, and a range of different temperatures have all been considered. The highest arsenate removal achieved was 94% with an initial concentration of 500 μg/L, at 7 bar pressure, and 28 °C. The highest arsenite removal was 90%, with an initial concentration of 100 μg/L, at 5 bar pressure, and also at 28 °C. Increasing the pressure had a positive effect on the removal of both species, however, increasing the temperature had negative impacts. It was always found that arsenate removal was better than arsenite removal.

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