scholarly journals Photons to Formate: A Review on Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to Formic Acid

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2422
Author(s):  
Hanqing Pan ◽  
Michael D. Heagy
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Photocatalytic Reduction ◽  
Hydrogen Storage Material ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Reduction Of Co2 ◽  
Made In ◽  
High Octane

Rising levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide due to the burning and depletion of fossil fuels is continuously raising environmental concerns about global warming and the future of our energy supply. Renewable energy, especially better utilization of solar energy, is a promising method for CO2 conversion and chemical storage. Research in the solar fuels area is focused on designing novel catalysts and developing new conversion pathways. In this review, we focus on the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 primarily in its neutral pH species of carbonate to formate. The first two-electron photoproduct of carbon dioxide, a case for formate (or formic acid) is made in this review based on its value as; an important chemical feedstock, a hydrogen storage material, an intermediate to methanol, a high-octane fuel and broad application in fuel cells. This review focuses specifically on the following photocatalysts: semiconductors, phthalocyanines as photosensitizers and membrane devices and metal-organic frameworks.

Synergistic effect of phosphomolybdic acid on rhodium-based metal-organic frameworks for the efficient selective photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CO

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yurong Shan ◽  
Dexiang Liu ◽  
Chunyan Xu ◽  
Peng Zhan ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Electronic Structure ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Metal Organic Frameworks ◽  
Phosphomolybdic Acid ◽  
Photocatalytic Reduction ◽  
Structure And Morphology ◽  
Spherical Structure ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Reduction Of Co2

In this work, PMA@NH2-MIL-68(Rh) with a mangosteen spherical structure was successfully synthesized by a hydrothermal method for the photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide. The electronic structure and morphology of the...

Catalysts for the Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Methanol

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Hang Low ◽  
Boon Siang Yeo
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Electrochemical Reduction ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Renewable Electricity ◽  
Co2 Electroreduction ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Reduction Of Co2 ◽  
Made In

Abstract Anthropogenic activities powered by the burning of fossil fuels have caused excessive emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) to the atmosphere. This has a negative impact on our environment. One promising approach to reduce the concentration of atmospheric CO2 is to convert it to useful products. This could be achieved via the electrochemical reduction of CO2 using renewable electricity. Methanol (CH3OH), a valuable fuel and feedstock, is one of the CO2 electroreduction products. However, its formation, thus far, has been plagued by the inadequacy of functional electrocatalysts. In this review, we summarize progresses made in the development of methanol-selective electrocatalysts, which provides us with a basis to discuss the underlying challenges of electroreducing CO2 to methanol.

Insights into the Development of Cu-based Photocathodes for Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Conversion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenzhang Li ◽  
Keke Wang ◽  
yanfang Ma ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Weixin Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Energy Crisis ◽  
Co2 Conversion ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Reduction Of Co2

The ever-growing factitious over-consumption of fossil fuels and the accompanying massive emissions of CO2 have caused severe energy crisis and environmental issues. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) reduction of CO2 that can combine...

scholarly journals Porous Copper/Zinc Bimetallic Oxides Derived from MOFs for Efficient Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to Methanol

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1127
Author(s):  
Zhenyu Wang ◽  
Xiuling Jiao ◽  
Dairong Chen ◽  
Cheng Li ◽  
Minghui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
High Activity ◽  
Oxide Catalyst ◽  
Fast Rate ◽  
Metal Organic Framework ◽  
Photocatalytic Reduction ◽  
Simple Preparation ◽  
Porous Copper ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Reduction Of Co2

A novel metal organic framework (MOF)-derived porous copper/zinc bimetallic oxide catalyst was developed for the photoreduction of CO2 to methanol at a very fast rate of 3.71 mmol gcat−1 h−1. This kind of photocatalyst with high activity, selectivity and a simple preparation catalyst provides promising photocatalyst candidates for reducing CO2 to methanol.

Article

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-233
Author(s):  
Kiyohisa Ohta ◽  
Youko Ueda ◽  
Satoshi Nakaguchi ◽  
Takayuki Mizuno
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Silicate Rock ◽  
Photocatalytic Reduction ◽  
Photochemical Reduction ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Illumination Time ◽  
Silicate Rocks

The photocatalytic reduction of CO2 using copper-loaded silicate rocks has been reported. The Cu-silicate rock powders suspended in the solution were illuminated with sunlight. Amphibolite, gneiss, granite, granodiorite, phyllite, quartzdiorite, and shale, which are quite ordinary rocks, were tested as substrates (silicate rock) of the catalyst. These catalysts were specific for the formation of formic acid. The effects of amounts of copper, illumination time, and temperature were investigated on photoreduction of CO2. The 30% Cu-loaded quartzdiorite (0.3 g/g) in these Cu rocks was the best catalyst. The formation of formic acid on the Cu-silicate rock increased with time up to 10 h after which the formation decreased, and then became constant. The formic acid formation decreased with temperature for 10 h sunlight illumination. For the photochemical reduction of CO2, a relatively low temperature was suitable. With photochemical reduction, the maximum yield of formic acid was 54 nmol/g under optimum experimental conditions. The carbon dioxide reduction system developed might well become of practical interest for the photochemical production of raw materials for the photochemical industry.Key words: photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide, formic acid, copper-loaded silicate rocks, temperature effect, illumination time.

scholarly journals Photoreduction of Carbon Dioxide to Methanol over Copper Based Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8: A New Generation Photocatalyst

Catalysts ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonam Goyal ◽  
Maizatul Shaharun ◽  
Chong Kait ◽  
Bawadi Abdullah ◽  
Mariam Ameen
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Ammonium Hydroxide ◽  
Photocatalytic Reduction ◽  
Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Efficient Reduction ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Reduction Of Co2

The efficient reduction of CO2 into valuable products such as methanol, over metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) based catalyst, has received much attention. The photocatalytic reduction is considered the most economical method due to the utilization of solar energy. In this study, Copper (II)/Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8 (Cu/ZIF-8) catalysts were synthesized via a hydrothermal method for photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to methanol. The synthesized catalysts were characterized by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) coupled with Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The host ZIF-8, treated with 2 mmol copper prepared in 2M ammonium hydroxide solution showed the highest photocatalytic activity. The crystal structures of ZIF-8 and 2Cu/ZIF-8N2 catalysts were observed as cubic and orthorhombic, respectively and the XPS analysis confirmed the deposition of Cu (II) ions over ZIF-8 surface among all the prepared catalysts. The orthorhombic structure, nano-sized crystals, morphology and Cu loading of the 2Cu/ZIF-8N2 catalyst were the core factors to influence the photocatalytic activity. The yield of Methanol was found to be 35.82 µmol/L·g after 6 h of irradiations on 2Cu/ZIF-8N2 catalyst in the wavelength range between 530–580 nm. The copper-based ZIF-8 catalyst has proven as an alternative approach for the economical photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CH3OH.

Metal–organic redox vehicles to encapsulate organic dyes for photocatalytic protons and carbon dioxide reduction

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 1256-1263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Yu ◽  
Cheng He ◽  
Jing Xu ◽  
Chunying Duan ◽  
Joost N. H. Reek
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Organic Dyes ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Reduction ◽  
Organic Dye ◽  
Photocatalytic Reduction ◽  
Metal Organic

By encapsulation of an organic dye, a supramolecular nickel–organic macrocycle for the photocatalytic reduction of protons and CO2 has been reported.

Photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide to methanol and formic acid by graphene-TiO2

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 578-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Cheng-Fang Lin ◽  
You Hai Jing ◽  
Chang-Tang Chang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Photocatalytic Reduction

scholarly journals Electro-reduction of carbon dioxide at low over-potential at a metal–organic framework decorated cathode

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinchen Kang ◽  
Lili Li ◽  
Alena Sheveleva ◽  
Xue Han ◽  
Jiangnan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Metal Organic Framework ◽  
Computational Modelling ◽  
Structural Defects ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Faradaic Efficiency ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Organic Framework

Abstract Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide is a clean and highly attractive strategy for the production of organic products. However, this is hindered severely by the high negative potential required to activate carbon dioxide. Here, we report the preparation of a copper-electrode onto which the porous metal–organic framework [Cu2(L)] [H4L = 4,4′,4″,4′′′-(1,4-phenylenebis(pyridine-4,2,6-triyl))tetrabenzoic acid] can be deposited by electro-synthesis templated by an ionic liquid. This decorated electrode shows a remarkable onset potential for reduction of carbon dioxide to formic acid at −1.45 V vs. Ag/Ag+, representing a low value for electro-reduction of carbon dioxide in an organic electrolyte. A current density of 65.8 mA·cm−2 at −1.8 V vs. Ag/Ag+ is observed with a Faradaic efficiency to formic acid of 90.5%. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy confirms that the templated electro-synthesis affords structural defects in the metal–organic framework film comprising uncoupled Cu(II) centres homogenously distributed throughout. These active sites promote catalytic performance as confirmed by computational modelling.

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