scholarly journals An Overview of Functionalized Graphene Nanomaterials for Advanced Applications

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1717
Author(s):  
Andrea Maio ◽  
Ivana Pibiri ◽  
Marco Morreale ◽  
Francesco Paolo La Mantia ◽  
Roberto Scaffaro
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Functionalized Graphene ◽  
Major Focus ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Ultimate Properties ◽  
Physicochemical Features ◽  
Synthetic Approaches ◽  
Advanced Applications

Interest in the development of graphene-based materials for advanced applications is growing, because of the unique features of such nanomaterials and, above all, of their outstanding versatility, which enables several functionalization pathways that lead to materials with extremely tunable properties and architectures. This review is focused on the careful examination of relationships between synthetic approaches currently used to derivatize graphene, main properties achieved, and target applications proposed. Use of functionalized graphene nanomaterials in six engineering areas (materials with enhanced mechanical and thermal performance, energy, sensors, biomedical, water treatment, and catalysis) was critically reviewed, pointing out the latest advances and potential challenges associated with the application of such materials, with a major focus on the effect that the physicochemical features imparted by functionalization routes exert on the achievement of ultimate properties capable of satisfying or even improving the current demand in each field. Finally, current limitations in terms of basic scientific knowledge and nanotechnology were highlighted, along with the potential future directions towards the full exploitation of such fascinating nanomaterials.

scholarly journals Lifecycle Design of Disruptive SCADA Systems for Waste-Water Treatment Installations

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4950
Author(s):  
Stelian Brad ◽  
Mircea Murar ◽  
Grigore Vlad ◽  
Emilia Brad ◽  
Mariuța Popanton
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Major Focus ◽  
Scada System ◽  
Scada Systems ◽  
And Control ◽  
Lifecycle Design

Capacity to remotely monitor and control systems for waste-water treatment and to provide real time and trustworthy data of system’s behavior to various stakeholders is of high relevance. SCADA systems are used to undertake this job. SCADA solutions are usually conceptualized and designed with a major focus on technological integrability and functionality. Very little contributions are brought to optimize these systems with respect to a mix of target functions, especially considering a lifecycle perspective. In this paper, we propose a structured methodology for optimizing SCADA systems from a lifecycle perspective for the specific case of waste-water treatment units. The methodology embeds techniques for handling entropy in the design process and to assist engineers in designing effective solutions in a space with multiple constrains and conflicts. Evolutionary multiple optimization algorithms are used to handle this challenge. After the foundation of the theoretical model calibrated for the specific case of waste-water treatment units, a practical example illustrates its applicability. It is shown how the model can lead to a disruptive solution, which integrates cloud computing, IoT, and data analytics in the SCADA system, with some competitive advantages in terms of flexibility, cost effectiveness, and increased value added for both integrators and beneficiaries.

Superhydrophilic functionalized graphene/fiberglass/epoxy laminates with high mechanical, impact and thermal performance and treated by plasma

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 ◽  
pp. 106701
Author(s):  
Samy Yousef ◽  
Sharath P. Subadra ◽  
Paulius Griškevičius ◽  
Sarunas Varnagiris ◽  
Darius Milcius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Functionalized Graphene ◽  
Mechanical Impact

Advance synthetic approaches to 1,2,3-triazole derived compounds: State of art 2004-2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 08 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adarsh Sahu
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Cycloaddition Reaction ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Synthetic Methods ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Triazole Derivatives ◽  
The Past ◽  
Synthetic Approaches ◽  
Reaction Profile

Background: 1,2,3-triazole is considered widely explored scaffolds by medicinal chemists because of their therapeutic importance. The structural characteristics of 1,2,3-triazoles allow this to mimic certain functional groups demonstrating its utility to prepare new medicinal compounds using the concept of bioisosterism and molecular hybridization. Centered on Huisgens cycloaddition reaction, over the past decade and a half, click chemistry approaches were developed to furnish triazole derivatives with various applications ranging from drugs to bioconjugation linkers. Objective: In the present review, we aim to highlight the different approaches developed for the synthesis of 1,2,3-triazole derivatives and in particular advances in synthetic methods for the last 16 years. This review is also intended to help researchers for finding potential future directions and scope in the development of synthetic strategies. Conclucion: As summarized through the compilation of recent advances for 1,2,3-triazole synthesis, it is clear that these protocols have numerous advantages such as cleaner reaction profile, shorter reaction times, excellent product yields, environmentally benign milder reactions, and safe operations.

scholarly journals Characterization Techniques as Supporting Tools for the Interpretation of Biochar Adsorption Efficiency in Water Treatment: A Critical Review

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (16) ◽  
pp. 5063
Author(s):  
Michele Castiglioni ◽  
Luca Rivoira ◽  
Irene Ingrando ◽  
Massimo Del Bubba ◽  
Maria Concetta Bruzzoniti
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Efficiency Index ◽  
Adsorption Efficiency ◽  
The Past ◽  
Physicochemical Features ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Significant Attention

Over the past decade, biochar (BC) has received significant attention in many environmental applications, including water purification, since it is available as a low-cost by-product of the energetic valorisation of biomass. Biochar has many intrinsic characteristics, including its porous structure, which is similar to that of activated carbon (AC), which is the most widely used sorbent in water treatment. The physicochemical and performance characteristics of BCs are usually non-homogenously investigated, with several studies only evaluating limited parameters, depending on the individual perspective of the author. Within this review, we have taken an innovative approach to critically survey the methodologies that are generally used to characterize BCs and ACs to propose a comprehensive and ready-to-use database of protocols. Discussion about the parameters of chars that are usually correlated with adsorption performance in water purification is proposed, and we will also consider the physicochemical properties of pollutants (i.e., Kow). Uniquely, an adsorption efficiency index BC/AC is presented and discussed, which is accompanied by an economic perspective. According to our survey, non-homogeneous characterization approaches limit the understanding of the correlations between the pollutants to be removed and the physicochemical features of BCs. Moreover, the investigations of BC as an adsorption medium necessitate dedicated parallel studies to compare BC characteristics and performances with those of ACs.

scholarly journals Tracing the Scientific History of Fe0-Based Environmental Remediation Prior to the Advent of Permeable Reactive Barriers

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viet Cao ◽  
Huichen Yang ◽  
Arnaud Igor Ndé-Tchoupé ◽  
Rui Hu ◽  
Willis Gwenzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Environmental Remediation ◽  
Groundwater Remediation ◽  
Permeable Reactive Barriers ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Organic Species ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Complex Picture ◽  
Reactive Barriers ◽  
Water Provision

The technology of using metallic iron (Fe0) for in situ generation of iron oxides for water treatment is a very old one. The Fe0 remediation technology has been re-discovered in the framework of groundwater remediation using permeable reactive barriers (PRBs). Despite its simplicity, the improvement of Fe0 PRBs is fraught with difficulties regarding their operating modes. The literature dealing with Fe0 remediation contains ambiguities regarding its invention and its development. The present paper examines the sequence of contributions prior to the advent of Fe0 PRBs in order to clarify the seemingly complex picture. To achieve this, the current paper addresses the following questions: (i) What were the motivations of various authors in developing their respective innovations over the years?, (ii) what are the ancient achievements which can accelerate progress in knowledge for the development of Fe0 PRBs?, and (iii) was Fe0 really used for the removal of organic species for the first time in the 1970s? A careful examination of ancient works reveals that: (i) The wrong questions were asked during the past three decades, as Fe0 was premised as a reducing agent, (ii) credit for using Fe0 for water treatment belongs to no individual scientist, and (iii) credit for the use of Fe0 in filtration systems for safe drinking water provision belongs to scientists from the 1850s, while credit for the use of Fe0 for the removal of aqueous organic species does not belong to the pioneers of the Fe0 PRB technology. However, it was these pioneers who exploited Fe0 for groundwater remediation, thereby extending its potential. Complementing recent achievements with the chemistry of the Fe0/H2O system would facilitate the design of more sustainable Fe0-remediation systems.

Service Discovery Techniques in Mobile E-Commerce

2010 ◽  
pp. 812-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nandini Sidnal ◽  
Sunilkumar S. Manvi
Keyword(s):  
Web Services ◽  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Service Provider ◽  
Service Discovery ◽  
Network Services ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Major Focus ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
It Service ◽  
Ubiquitous And Pervasive Computing

With the rising number of web services in mobile E-commerce, service discovery has become an important feature in the future of E-commerce for mobile users. A service in the network can be any software or hardware entity that a user might be interested to utilize. Service discovery is the action of finding appropriate service provider for a requested service. When the location of the demanded service (typically the address of the service provider catering services such as shopping, auctions, edutainment, etc.) is retrieved, the user may further access the service and use it. Service discovery is an emerging field in the area of ubiquitous and pervasive computing owing to its mobile devices with limited resources. There are various service discovery techniques and protocols (proposed or/and already implemented) particularly tailored to specific set of objectives. With service discovery, devices may automatically discover network services including their properties, and services may advertise their existence in a dynamic way. This chapter discusses various mobile E-commerce issues with major focus on service discovery issue. It elaborates on syntax and semantic based various service discovery mechanisms and concludes with future directions to service discovery mechanism.

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